Combing through the theory, the paper discusses the impact of technological progress, industrial structure change and their interaction on China's carbon emissions. Moreover, it uses panel data model to analyze the effect of technology progress, industry structure factors and their interaction on China's carbon emissions, The results show that: (1) technical progress is ability to restrain carbon emissions, industrial structure change can promote carbon emissions, but the influence degree of the former is much lower than the latter; (2)The impacts of two factors on carbon emissions are different between the coastal and inland areas, and the impacts of two factors on carbon emissions are also different at different times. With the passage of time, the influence degree of technological progress on carbon emissions becomes stronger, but the influence degree of industrial structure change on carbon emissions becomes weaker. Compared with the inland areas, the impact of the coastal area's technological progress is stronger, but the influence degree of the inland area's industrial structure change is larger comparing with the coastal areas. (3)The interactive effect of technology and structure factors has inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, the robustness of this interactive effect is confirmed by the sub-samples of different period and different areas. This paper provides a new perspective for understanding the changes of China's carbon emissions, and also has the enlightenment significance on how to coordinate the technical and structural factors to establish a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection.