The Chinese science and technology innovation efficiency in 2011 was evaluated firstly, and then it was considered that the input of science and technology resources of Shaanxi, although as one of the large province of science and technology of China, was not smaller, but its technology innovation efficiency was not much advantage in our country. According to the scientific and technological achievements transformation lower rate to conclude, after anglicizing of causes, the system dynamics model of economic development of Shaanxi, by the principle of SD, was built to simulate the major variables of it at three different rates of scientific and technological achievements transformation. It was concluded that the science and technology achievements transformation rate of Shaanxi would require at least 25% to achieve the obligatory aims of the Twelfth Five Year Plan of Shaanxi in future, and it was suggested that building R D mode combined the government market demand, constructing the innovation platform of “industry-university-research-user” cooperation and the system of diversified property right of technology-based innovative enterprise, improving the fair market competitive environment.