Based the relevant data of science and technology activities in 2006-2014, the author builds a dynamic model of the national science and technology innovation system and drawsacausality diagramof factors affecting technological innovation capability in order to make a simulation analysis of the main factors affecting the innovation ability of science and technology. The simulation results show enterprise R D funding and R D personnel input plays a decisive role and the governmental protection system of the intellectual property right is an important method in the process of improving national scientific and technological innovation ability. Therefore, the Chinese government should formulate the implementation of intellectual property protection system in line with China"s national conditions, increase investment in enterprise R D, enhance the financial support for science and technology funds, and take other targeted measures to accelerate the upgrading of technological innovation in china.