Research on the mechanism of science and technology rewards on social innovation, the study indicates that recognition is the essential feature of science and technology rewards. Science and technology rewards promote the process of social innovation and the transformation of achievements through the model of "motivation + resources + environment": the recognition mechanism stimulates the needs of scientific researchers; Strengthen the innovation motivation of scientific research personnel through incentive mechanism; guide advantageous resources to the key technological fields and industries through guiding mechanism; select outstanding scientific research results and talents through competition mechanism to create a good social innovation environment. The economic benefits obtained in this mode are used to increase investment in scientific and technological rewards, and to promote the continuous development of social innovation cyclically. Taking the Guangdong Science and Technology Award as an example to study its mechanism of social innovation, the study indicates that it mainly plays the role of recognition, incentive orientation and competition of science and technology awards by controlling the number of awards, increasing the amount of awards, adjusting the award structure, and improving the quality of awards. On this basis, it analyzes the existing problems of Guangdong's science and technology award system, and proposes countermeasures such as fully mobilizing to private forces to set up awards, standardizing the derivation of awards, increasing the weight of individual awards, and increasing support for young scientists..