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1.
As the largest-scale reaction process of energy and matter transformation as well as the largest-scale solar energy utilization on earth, photosynthesis provides organic compounds, energy and oxygen for almost all life activities.  相似文献   

2.
<正>1.Industrial biomanufacturing is an important part of bioeconomy development Biomanufacturing is a new industry for large-scale material processing and transformation via biological function to provide industrial goods for social development.It uses microbial cells or enzyme proteins to catalyze chemical synthesis and biomass feedstock to synthesize energy chemicals and materials in order to produce energy and chemicals as a replacement for the petrochemical industry route[1].Based on the latest development in life sciences,it mass-produces the needed energy and chemicals in an advanced,highly efficient and environmentallyfriendly way through the combination of biological and manufacturing technologies,with design and improvement of modifi ed organisms as the core.Currently,through the advanced biomanufacturing process,many materials can be produced such as basic  相似文献   

3.
<正>The dynamic landscape for the quest for energy will continue as long as the human race exists and needs energy to grow and develop its economy.The demand for energy will continue to remain at the forefront of the U.S.economy even as China emerges as the world’s largest economy and consumer of energy.In 2008,the  相似文献   

4.
The major light-harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅱ(LHC-Ⅱ) serves as the principal solar energy collector in the photosynthesis of green plants and presumably also functions in photoprotection under high-light conditions. Many of its structures were revealed by a work of a 3.2.A electron crystallographic model of LHC-Ⅱ in 1994. Since then researchers have eagerly awaited a higher-resolution structure to extend knowledge of the light harvesting and energy transfer processes involved in photosynthesis to the level of full atomic data.  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this paper is to help the students become good writers by guiding them through the process of writing, such as generating ideas, drafting, and revising. The ability to write well will help students provide answers in examinations and write project reports and academic essays which will be understood easily and appreciated by the teachers. Writing well is also an asset at the work place, where you may be writing memos, e-mail messages, reports, or proposals to various types of readers. Therefore, it is crucial for the students to be coached in the use of the writing process. In this paper, we will analyze the complete writing process by dividing it into three stages: planning, writing, and finalizing. Within each of these stages, there are a few steps.  相似文献   

6.
正Microalgae are organisms that can use sunlight to capture and assimilate atmospheric CO_2.They then store the solar energy and CO_2 in the form of energy-dense molecules such as triacylglycerol(TAG),which can be readily converted to oil.Therefore,the interest in microalgae as a scalable solution for clean fuel production and CO_2 sequestration has been growing.  相似文献   

7.
<正>1.Scientific connotation and significance The large amount of wastes on the earth makes a gigantic energy and resource bank,which can be used both directly for generating new energy and for saving resources through recycling and regeneration.Generally speaking,the efficient and clean utilization of wastegenerated energy refers to the recycling of a great amount of valuable substances from the solid materials that have quitted the production link or consumption field via certain technical,economical means and management measures,to achieve biosafety disposal,pollutant emission reduction and the comprehensive utilization of wastes for both economic and public welfare[1].At present,the effi cient and clean utilization of waste-generated energy is mainly implemented through the use of renewable energy,  相似文献   

8.
Chemistry has a central role in science,and synthesis plays an essential role in chemistry. Synthetic substances and materials have demonstrated a significant impact in determining the quality of our life in the last century. Although chemical synthesis has now reached an extraordinary level of sophistication,there is still vast room for improvement. In this century,to be more tightly merged with other fields such as material and life sciences,to generate more interdisciplinary areas,is an inevitable trend in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays,synthetic chemistry should pursue "GREEN" process. In this context,the atom economy,the E-factor and 3Rs (reduction,recycling and reuse) of resources must be taken into account in synthetic industry. The greatest challenge of synthetic chemistry,not only,will be immense responsibility to tackle a range of existing or predicted social and global issues associated with resources,energy,materials,the environment,food and health,but also the redeeming the negative impression of synthetic chemistry in public.  相似文献   

9.
I. Preface Biomass includes the residues of agriculture, forest and stock breeding, as well as straw, algae and energy crops. In its broad meaning, biomass is a kind of organic matter produced by the photosynthesis of plants, which is not only renewable, but also contains plentiful energy.  相似文献   

10.
<正>Energy is the key to our future.Whether to the production,storage or use of energy,carbon materials could provide a good solution.They are closely related to people’s daily life and regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the flexible electrodes in energy storage devices.Recently,a research team from the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences prepared a well-defined  相似文献   

11.
At long last,after two decades of endeavor,China’s first high energy astrophysics research probe is about to take of f.The 2.5-ton Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(HXMT),which is set to be sent 550 km above the ground early2017,will be carrying a trio set of detectors to gather X-rays emitted by black holes and neutron stars in the 1-250ke V band,and enable Chinese scientists to explore the distribution and property of these mysterious sources–with their own data,for the first time in history,in the next four years or more.In August,BCAS reporter XIN Ling had the privilege to meet astrophysicist ZHANG Shuangnan of the Institute of High Energy Physics(IHEP),Chinese Academy of Sciences who is now principal investigator of the HXMT project.During the interview,ZHANG talked about the telescope’s research missions,potential challenges in orbit,as well as its history and lessons to be learned in developing one of the nation’s first science satellites.  相似文献   

12.
The Constitution is of supreme legal force. It is a common sense knowledge that any law and administrative regulations contrary to it are not valid legally. To be frank, however, it is an arduous and gradual process to build up a nation under the rule of law. Some typical events or cases often play a tremendous role in laying the foundation of the rule of law in the law-making process in various nations. As a case in point, Marbury v. Madison, a precedent of judicial review, in the 19th century, has contributed greatly to the promotion of the rule of law in the U.S.. In 2003, three Ph.D. scholars wrote to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress because of the "Sun Zhigang Event", which resulted in the abolishment of the Measures for Housing and Sending Back Tramps/Vagrants and Beggars in Urban Areas. This event will be kept in the history of the governance under the rule of law in China. For this writer, exploration in the issue relating to the validity of duration of patent referred to in the State Intellectual Property Office's (SIPO) Gazette No.80 (hereinafter referred to as Gazette No. 80) involves an issue within the Patent Law, and, as well, of great significance to the entire legal system. These writers hope to clarify the issue of duration of the patent right by exploring the validity of Gazette No. 80. They also hope to promote the amplification of the mechanism for review of unconsttutional actions in China.  相似文献   

13.
<正>Recently a CAS Key Laboratory was approved to be established at the Wuhan Institute of Virology(WIV),CAS,as a platform for etiology and biosafety research on emerging and highly infectious diseases,including Ebola haemorrhagic fever.Once built,it is expected to provide RD support for the prevention and control of important infectious diseases,as an  相似文献   

14.
<正>1.High-voltage DC transmission technology is the key to interconnecting large-scale power generation from renewable energy China has plentiful renewable energy sources,which will serve as the dominant energy sources in the future.Statistics show that each year,all land in China receives a total solar radiation equivalent to the energy of 2,400billion tons of standard coal.China’s total reserve of wind energy at ten meters above the earth amounts to about3.226 billion kW,of which one billion kW is available for development and utilization.The theoretical reserve of China’s hydraulic power is nearly 700 million kW,accounting for 40%of the total conventional energy sources of the nation.By the end of 2011,the installed capacity of the gridconnected renewable-energy-based power generation in China had reached 51.59 million kW,accounting for 4.89%  相似文献   

15.
<正>Aggression is vital for animal survival and evolution,but excessive aggression should be suppressed for the sake of individual energy expenditure and social balance.Aggression level is inluenced by environment,social experience and internal status.Drosophila melanogaster provides an ideal genetic system to understand the molecular and neuronal basis of diferent aspects of aggression.Fruitless  相似文献   

16.
The first state-level lab in China’s energy sector, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy was officially inaugurated at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) on October 10, 2011. It will focus on the study of the clean conversion and use of fossil fuels, clean and renewable energy technologies as well as strategic planning to address national  相似文献   

17.
Green building here refers to the practice of creating structures able to best achieve effi cient and environmentally friendly use of resources (energy, land, water, materials) throughout the life-cycle so as to offer healthy, convenient and pleasant buildings for people to live and work in in harmony with nature. It has become a worldwide trend in the development of the  相似文献   

18.
<正>1.Scientific connotation and significance As a system engineering technology for the exploration and rheology studies of continental lithosphere,deep Earth exploration uses the most advanced science and technologies to obtain the basic information about the Earth’s interior and serve the sustainable supply of energy and resources as well as the early warning of natural disasters.Today,deep Earth exploration has become one of the forefronts of earth sciences[1].Deep Earth exploration requires a core and integrated technique system for the development of key detecting technologies and facilities which can penetrate different depths to precisely extract the internal structure and physical properties of the Earth,together with a technology platform for the processing,imaging and explanation of data[2].By detecting the planet’s deep interior in typical regions and by cutting open the  相似文献   

19.
<正>With the large reserves of natural gas around the world,such as shale gas,methane hydrate,and biogas,research on how to utilize these alternative fuels has grown considerably.Current industrialscale processes for the conversion of natural gases to useful chemical feedstocks,which involves the conversion to syngas intermediates,are complex,inefficient and costly,and they generate large quantities of CO2 and coke byproducts.The efficient conversion of these natural gas fuels will require a process wherein the C-H bond of methane is activated,and the methane is selectively converted to useful chemical products while minimizing depth dehydrogenation and overoxidation.Many methods have been developed for the activation and conversion of methane with varying degrees of success,but thus far,none has been viable as  相似文献   

20.
<正>Lithium has proven to be an important geochemical tracer for fluid-related processes on the Earth’s surface as well as crust-mantle recycling because of its moderate incompatibility during mantle melting,strong fluid mobility,and the large mass fractionation,with up to 80‰variation of 7Li/6Li in terrestrial samples.The Li isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle caused by fluid/meltrock interaction can be rehomogenized over geologically short time periods due to the fast diffusion of Li,and  相似文献   

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