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1.
Rosanne Esposito Elisabeth Herbert Emma Sumner 《British Educational Research Journal》2023,49(1):70-92
Mastering spelling is important for children to progress in writing. The National Curriculum in England details spelling lists linked to each year group in primary education. Assessment practices also emphasise the importance of teaching spelling. However, to date, little is known about how teachers feel about teaching spelling nor the instructional methods that they use in primary schools in England. This study addresses this gap by investigating approaches to teaching spelling. An online survey was distributed to primary-based teaching staff with roles in supporting teaching and learning. The survey asked for information about the respondents’ teaching experience and school setting, and about their attitudes and approach to teaching spelling. The survey was completed in full by 158 respondents. Approaches to teaching spelling were varied and over two-thirds of the sample highlighted that their school did not have a spelling policy. The importance of explicit teaching of spelling was supported by the majority of teachers. This judgement was more frequent and rated more highly by teachers supporting younger children. Teachers largely reported devising their own spelling resources, highlighted that the curriculum spelling lists lack guidance for teaching spelling strategies and questioned their suitability for pupils of varying abilities. A range of spelling programmes and strategies were recorded. The findings provide insight into universal instructional approaches. Practical implications for teacher training and professional development are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Cynthia S. Puranik Stephanie Al Otaiba Jessica Folsom Sidler Luana Greulich 《Reading and writing》2014,27(2):213-236
The objective of this exploratory investigation was to examine the nature of writing instruction in kindergarten classrooms and to describe student writing outcomes at the end of the school year. Participants for this study included 21 teachers and 238 kindergarten children from nine schools. Classroom teachers were videotaped once each in the fall and winter during the 90 min instructional block for reading and language arts to examine time allocation and the types of writing instructional practices taking place in the kindergarten classrooms. Classroom observation of writing was divided into student-practice variables (activities in which students were observed practicing writing or writing independently) and teacher-instruction variables (activities in which the teacher was observed providing direct writing instruction). In addition, participants completed handwriting fluency, spelling, and writing tasks. Large variability was observed in the amount of writing instruction occurring in the classroom, the amount of time kindergarten teachers spent on writing and in the amount of time students spent writing. Marked variability was also observed in classroom practices both within and across schools and this fact was reflected in the large variability noted in kindergartners’ writing performance. 相似文献
3.
写作能力训练是汉语能力专项训练项目之一.汉语教学中开展汉语写作教学有利于培养学习者运用汉语进行书面表达的能力,有利于培养学习者汉语思维的能力和习惯,有利于学习者汉语水平的全面提高.汉语写作教学特点主要有：独立性、综合性、实践性和模仿性.汉语写作教学一般步骤是指导,批改和讲评.写作能力训练方式主要有：听后写,说后写,读后写.同时,汉语写作教学中应做到三个重视：激发学习者积极性,按正确行文格式书写和培养学习者动手动脑,发挥主观能动性. 相似文献
4.
Steve Graham Andrea Capizzi Karen R. Harris Michael Hebert Paul Morphy 《Reading and writing》2014,27(6):1015-1042
A random sample of language arts, social studies, and science middle school teachers from the United States were surveyed about their preparation to teach writing, beliefs about responsibilities for teaching writing, use of evidence-based writing practices, assessment of writing, use of technology, and adaptations for struggling writers. The findings from this survey raised concerns about the quality of middle school writing instruction. Many teachers believed their preservice and inservice preparation to teach writing was inadequate. Middle school students spend little time writing or being taught how to write. While most teachers used a variety of evidenced-based writing practices and made adaptations for struggling writers, such methods were applied infrequently. Most teachers did not appear to use assessment data to shape how they taught writing, and computers played a relatively minor role in middle school writing instruction. Even though teachers generally agreed that writing was a collective responsibility, language arts teachers placed a greater emphasis on writing instruction than social studies and science teachers. 相似文献
5.
The relations between different word categories and children's reading and writing performances were examined in twenty 9-year-old children. Results indicated for Norwegian, which is more regular than English but less regular than Finnish, that the length and the frequency of words and their interactions are factors substantially related both to children's reading, writing time (writing velocity), and spelling performances, whereas the regularity factor affected children's spelling only. Significant intercorrelations among reading and writing (accuracy and spelling) measures were found. 相似文献
6.
《学周刊C版》2016,(9)
Vocabulary is one of the three important events that consists of language.Vocabulary teaching is an important segment in English teaching.The objective to learn vocabulary is to master the pronunciation,spelling,parts of speech、meaning of these vocabularies and how to use these vocabulary. As foreign language vocabulary is also difficult in English teaching.The students ability of learning,saying,reading, writing and communication depend on whether they master a large number of vocabularies.The English teacher should search for the reasonable method to arouse initiative of students and stimulate interest of learning English. 相似文献
7.
Kim YS Otaiba SA Puranik C Folsom JS Greulich L Wagner RK 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):517-525
The present study examined the components of end of kindergarten writing, using data from 242 kindergartners. Specifically of interest was the importance of spelling, letter writing fluency, reading, and word- and syntax-level oral language skills in writing. The results from structural equation modeling revealed that oral language, spelling, and letter writing fluency were positively and uniquely related to writing skill after accounting for reading skills. Reading skill was not uniquely related to writing once oral language, spelling, and letter writing fluency were taken into account. These findings are discussed from a developmental perspective. 相似文献
8.
The role of oral language in underpinning the text generation difficulties in children with specific language impairment 
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下载免费PDF全文 Children with specific language impairments (SLI) have difficulties in producing written text. It was hypothesised that the constraints on writing in children with SLI were similar to typically developing younger children with the same level of vocabulary knowledge. Twenty‐three children with SLI (aged 10:5) were matched with 23 children for chronological age (CA) and 23 children for vocabulary levels (VC). Children with SLI performed significantly below their CA peers but not their VC peers on all aspects of writing including spelling. Regression analyses indicated that written text measures of spelling errors and oral language measures of vocabulary were significant predictors of writing products for both the children with SLI and their VC peers. This highlights the importance of oral and written language for the quality of children's written text and indicates that the writing of children with SLI was commensurate with their vocabulary and spelling levels. The results point to the role of both phonological and non‐phonological processes in written text production in struggling writers. 相似文献
9.
Does spelling instruction make students better spellers,readers, and writers? A meta-analytic review
Despite the importance of spelling for both writing and reading, there is considerable disagreement regarding how spelling skills are best acquired. During this and virtually all of the last century, some scholars have argued that spelling should not be directly or formally taught as such instruction is not effective or efficient. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental studies to address these claims. The corpus of 53 studies in this review included 6,037 students in kindergarten through 12th grade and yielded 58 effect sizes (ESs) that were used to answer eight research questions concerning the impact of formally teaching spelling on spelling, phonological awareness, reading, and writing performance. An average weighted ES was calculated for each question and the quality of included studies was systematically evaluated. Results provided strong and consistent support for teaching spelling, as it improved spelling performance when compared to no/unrelated instruction (ES = 0.54) or informal/incidental approaches to improving spelling performance (ES = 0.43). Increasing the amount of formal spelling instruction also proved beneficial (ES = 0.70). Gains in spelling were maintained over time (ES = 0.53) and generalized to spelling when writing (ES = 0.94). Improvements in phonological awareness (ES = 0.51) and reading skills (ES = 0.44) were also found. The positive outcomes associated with formal spelling instruction were generally consistent, regardless of students’ grade level or literacy skills. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study was to identify the writing errors made by 310 first year university students in 13 disciplines using a checklist of five writing error categories, each with a number of sub‐categories. The overall median error rate was 3S.0 errors per 1000 words. Punctuation and capitalisation was by far the most common category of error, and sentence structure, word usage, spelling and vocabulary followed in descending order of frequency. Law and Economics students exhibited the highest error rates while Geography, Mechanical Engineering, Philosophy, English, Statistics, Linguistics, Geology, History and Sociology students had error rates near the median value, and French and Psychology students made fewest errors. The major error sub‐categories that best indicated difference between good and poor writers were the use of commas and some aspects of sentence construction. 相似文献
11.
Children with hyperlexia read words spontaneously before the age of five, have impaired comprehension on both listening and
reading tasks, and have word recognition skill above expectations based on cognitive and linguistic abilities. One student
with hyperlexia and another student with higher word recognition than comprehension skills who started to read words at a
very early age were followed over several years from the primary grades through high school when both were completing a second-year
Spanish course. The purpose of the present study was to examine the foreign language (FL) word recognition, spelling, reading
comprehension, writing, speaking, and listening skills of the two students and another high school student without hyperlexia.
Results showed that the student without hyperlexia achieved higher scores than the hyperlexic student and the student with
above average word recognition skills on most FL proficiency measures. The student with hyperlexia and the student with above
average word recognition skills achieved higher scores on the Spanish proficiency tasks that required the exclusive use of
phonological (pronunciation) and phonological/orthographic (word recognition, spelling) skills than on Spanish proficiency
tasks that required the use of listening comprehension and speaking and writing skills. The findings provide support for the
notion that word recognition and spelling in a FL may be modular processes and exist independently of general cognitive and
linguistic skills. Results also suggest that students may have stronger FL learning skills in one language component than
in other components of language, and that there may be a weak relationship between FL word recognition and oral proficiency
in the FL. 相似文献
12.
This paper reports on two studies which investigated the relationship between children's texting behaviour, their knowledge of text abbreviations and their school attainment in written language skills. In Study One, 11–12‐year‐old children provided information on their texting behaviour. They were also asked to translate a standard English sentence into a text message and vice versa. The children's standardised verbal and non‐verbal reasoning scores were also obtained. Children who used their mobiles to send three or more text messages a day had significantly lower scores than children who sent none. However, the children who, when asked to write a text message, showed greater use of text abbreviations (‘textisms’) tended to have better performance on a measure of verbal reasoning ability, which is highly associated with Key Stage 2 (KS2) and 3 English scores. In Study Two, children's performance on writing measures was examined more specifically. Ten to eleven‐year‐old children were asked to complete another English to text message translation exercise. Spelling proficiency was also assessed, and KS2 Writing scores were obtained. Positive correlations between spelling ability and performance on the translation exercise were found, and group‐based comparisons based on the children's writing scores also showed that good writing attainment was associated with greater use of textisms, although the direction of this association is nor clear. Overall, these findings suggest that children's knowledge of textisms is not associated with poor written language outcomes for children in this age range. 相似文献
13.
孟建伟 《广播电视大学学报》2014,(1):67-72
应用文是在逻辑话语系统中展开表述的。相应地,应用文的写作规范也必须与其写作的话语系统相匹配。按照"文系——文类——文种"的文体分类范畴,在逻辑话语系统中构建应用文写作规范,应该以"文系"和"文类"为重心。"文系"规范是所有应用文写作都必须遵从的规范,可以将其划分为基本规范、思维规范、书写规范和表达规范;"文类"规范是对应用文中各个大类而言的,它重点在"以类取法"的意义上对"文种"提出规范要求。 相似文献
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The relationship between 2nd and 3rd grade teachers’ linguistic knowledge and spelling instructional practices and their students’ spelling gains from fall to spring was examined. Second grade (N = 16) and 3rd grade (N = 16) teachers were administered an instructional practices survey and a linguistic knowledge test. Total scores on the two instruments were not significantly related (r = 0.20), indicating two different constructs. Students (N = 331 2nd graders, N = 305 3rd graders) completed a 40 item spelling dictation test in the fall and spring. HLM analyses were conducted on subsamples of weaker spellers (Ns = 226 2nd graders and 50 3rd graders) who spelled fewer than 20 words correctly on the pretest. Limiting the sample to weaker spellers eliminated ceiling effects on pre- to posttest gains. Results revealed that 2nd grade teachers’ linguistic knowledge of phonemic units in words, their teaching of spelling strategies, the time they spent in weekly spelling instruction, and the greater the number of weaker spellers in their classrooms, were significant predictors of weaker spellers’ improvement in spelling. For 3rd grade teachers, HLM analyses were not significant perhaps due to lack of power. However, 3rd grade teachers’ phonemic knowledge was significantly correlated with weaker spellers’ gain scores. Results while correlational provide tentative support for the conclusion that teachers who are more knowledgeable about phonemes in words and who utilize more effective, research based spelling instruction are more successful in teaching spelling to weaker spellers. 相似文献
16.
本文以河南、山东的6所本科院校的240名二年级的英语专业学生为研究对象,以问卷调查的形式,从学生对写作的态度和认识、习惯和方法、困难和问题、教师的教学情况、英语写作的课程设置、学生每周用于写作的时间、及对写作课的要求等方面了解英语专业写作教学的现状,发现写作教学中的一些问题,提出改进英语专业写作教学的一些策略。 相似文献
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This article is based on a discussion document written for all schools in Suffolk, England by the English advisory team. It resulted from a small-scale survey of nine schools where results for National Curriculum test AT4 (Spelling) in 1994 and 1995 were particularly high. This in turn stemmed from concerns raised by monitoring local education authority results in this aspect of English and aimed to uncover common factors in these schools' approaches to teaching spelling and supporting pupils' development in this skill. The key factors indicated by the survey included the systematic teaching of both spelling patterns and phonics; the fostering of early independence in writing and reading; regular learning of spellings at home and effective partnership with parents in this; regular testing; effective short teaching sessions on spelling, and differentiation based on high expectations of all pupils. 相似文献
19.
Shawn Kent Jeanne Wanzek Yaacov Petscher Stephanie Al Otaiba Young-Suk Kim 《Reading and writing》2014,27(7):1163-1188
In the present study, we examined the influence of kindergarten component skills on writing outcomes, both concurrently and longitudinally to first grade. Using data from 265 students, we investigated a model of writing development including attention regulation along with students’ reading, spelling, handwriting fluency, and oral language component skills. Results from structural equation modeling demonstrated that a model including attention was better fitting than a model with only language and literacy factors. Attention, a higher-order literacy factor related to reading and spelling proficiency, and automaticity in letter-writing were uniquely and positively related to compositional fluency in kindergarten. Attention and higher-order literacy factor were predictive of both composition quality and fluency in first grade, while oral language showed unique relations with first grade writing quality. Implications for writing development and instruction are discussed. 相似文献