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1.
本文以可收集到的标本，运用形象化散点图、柱状图等方法，对国产山梗菜亚属Subgen．Tupa E．Wimm．性状的变异幅度及相关性进行了统计分析,并结合花粉特征及种皮表面纹饰，对该亚属的国产种进行了修订，发现一新种(叶苞山梗菜L．foliiformis)一新亚种(贵州山梗菜L ．colorata subsp．guizhouensis)，同意廉永善对L ．hybrida的处理，并把L ．taliensis也归人L ．colorata，将后者分为三个亚种。对于L ．kwangsiensis我们的分析结果支持廉永善在《中国植物志》中的划分，给予降级，并置于L ．davidii内。 相似文献
2.
中国菊科菜蓟族植物研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(5):386-396
本文是对国产菜蓟族两个属研究的一个小结。一个是蓟属(Cirsium Mill. Ecmend．Scop.)，将全部国产蓟属49种植物分隶排列在8个组中，其中3个组为新成立的组，1个组为新的组合。记载了9个新种，1个新组合种，4个种为中国分布新记录。将过去学者们发表的组、种 及变种等各级上的65个名称处理为新异名，检查出错误鉴定8处，对变异较大的种给予了说明和讨论。另一个是刺膜菊属(Alfredia Cass.)，记载了一个新种。 相似文献
3.
王镜泉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1990,28(5):372-378
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜，对我国眼子菜属、角果藻属和水麦冬属1 9种植物的花粉形
态进行了研究。在对比观察的基础上，总结了各属的特征，归纳了眼子菜属的花粉类型，并讨论了一些有关分类的问题。 相似文献
4.
本文对肋柱花属的属下分类、系统发育和地理分布等方面进行了深入研究。文用分支系统学的方法和原理，用计算机PAUP程序处理，获得了几个最简约的支序图。 肋柱花属属于龙胆亚族辐状花冠群，在这群中，论亲缘关系它与辐花属最近，与獐牙菜属次之，而与黄秦艽属关系较远。 獐牙菜属在进化程度上较肋柱花属低，因此它被选为肋柱花属的外类群。 经过支序分析，肋柱花属的18个种根据Hennig的“共近裔性原则”可组合为三个组，其中肉质根茎组为较原始的组，肋柱花组为中级进化水平的组，合萼组是进化程度最高的组。 肋柱花属是北温带分布型的属，分布于亚洲、欧洲及北美洲，直达北极。从种的地理分布型分析，表明秦岭一横断山区是本属的起源与分化中心。 随文报道了一个新组、一个新种和一个新变种。 研究了全部种类的命名模式。 相似文献
5.
描述了四川无心菜属（石竹科）一新种——道孚无心菜Arenaria dawuensis A. J. Li&Q. Ban。该种具纺锤形根，聚伞花序，花柱2，线形而与纟遂瓣无心菜A. fimbriata（E. Pritz. ）Mattf. 相近，但叶匙形，萼片边缘具长缘毛，花瓣短于萼片，顶端细流苏状而不同。 相似文献
6.
本文介绍了目前国内已经研究发现的菜蝽属昆虫的种类、分布及其寄主植物.资料显示,我国分布有菜蝽属昆虫13种,内蒙古地区分布4种. 相似文献
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9.
本文根据植物类群的系统发育和地理分布统一的原理，讨论了獐牙菜属植物的起源、散布和分
布区的形成。獐牙菜属包括11组16系154种，间断分布在亚洲、欧洲、北美洲和非洲。中国西南部-
喜马拉雅地区汇集了大多数种类、不同演化水平的类群以及形形色色的特有类群，成为该属的多样化
中心和多度中心。该属的原始类群和外类群也集中分布在中国西南山地，极有可能是该属的起源地。该
属的分布区类型中出现了各式的间断分布，根据有该属植物分布的大陆间及大陆与岛屿间分离和连接
的时间推测，该属的起源时间至少不会晚于晚白垩纪，也许更早，可追溯到中白垩纪。通过分类群间亲
缘关系和现代分布分析，显示出该属植物从起源地向周围和一定方向散布，形成了三个主要散布途径。在散布过程中植物本身也发生演化和就地特化，形成新的类群。 相似文献
10.
11.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):418-428
Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in
the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia,
Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present
paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative
genera.
On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu-
lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs
or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as
Lactuca L.
In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by
Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of
achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident-
ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih,
gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does
not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P.
raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)
Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.)
Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-
ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.
They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,
L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.
With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its
fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs
on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.
with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-
sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-
lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-
prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun-
tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par-
tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex
C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-
onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.
Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,
dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex
Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-
nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the
genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-
shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is
monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-
nes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone of
northern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge-
nus, restricts its northeast region.
Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La-
ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This ge-
nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and
beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro-
pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure
in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang
seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former
in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each
side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub-
tropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra-
nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P.
prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola
Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti-
formis Shih, sp. nov. 相似文献
12.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(3):189-203
After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in
the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the
genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro-
pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A.
Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups
into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear. The present paper
makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by
the above-mentionded botanists.
With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs
of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different
from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo-
rests and few ribs of achenes. Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini,
should be restored. It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al.
1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus
Preanathes L.
The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus Prenanthes L. in
China, 4 of which are described as new. In the genus Nabalus Cass. only one species, N.
ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.
As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa
Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C.
Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have
campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu-
dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co-
rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous,
subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes.
Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other
species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae. Evidently, they fall into a new
genus with the name Notoseris Shih.
The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re-
miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.
All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the
area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new. 相似文献
13.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1991,29(5):394-417
本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正
及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属，即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih；文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。 相似文献
14.
15.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(6):445-455
Since the 19th century many botanists have studied the Chinese Cirsium
and a great number of taxa or names has been reported, of which many still need to be
reviewed critically
This work is a preliminaxy result of study on Chinese species of Cirsium. As many
as 65 taxan or names in the literature are reduced to synonym in this paper. The Cir-
sium in China so far known comprises 49 species, of which 9 are described as new, 1 is
a new combination and 4 are new records in Chinese flora. These new species are: C.
subulariforme Shih, S. muliense Shih, C. fanjingshanense Shih, C. periacanthaceum Shih,
C. racemiforme Ling et Shih, C. vernonioides Shih, C. chrysolepis Shih, C. tenuifolium
Shih and the new combination is C. viridifolium (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih. The new records
in China are C. serratuloides (L.) Hill., C. incanum (S. G. Gmel.) Fisch. ex MB., C. la-
natum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Spreng and C. alatum (S. G. Gmel) Bobr.
The Chinese Cirsium is divided into 8 sections in the present paper, of which 3 are
new, namely, Sect. Isolepis Shih, Sect. Tricholepis Shilh and Sect. Hymenolepis Shih,
and I is a new combination, namely, Sect. Spanioptilon (Cass.) Shih. In addition, a new species of the genus Alfredia, A. aspera Slih, is described. 相似文献
16.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(4):61-71
The present paper is an attempt to propose a preliminary taxomomic treatment of
the genus Hippolytia Poljak. and to analyse the geographical distribution of its com-
posite elements.
This small genus with 17 species is divided into 2 sections, namely, section
Anthodesma Shih and section Hippolytia. Anthodesma is a small section with 3 species
and is characterized by fascicled corymbs, campanulate and nitid involucres, rigidly
herbaceous phyllaries, and undershrubs, while Hippolytia consisting of 14 species is
characterized by corymbose inflorescence or glomerules or compund heads, cuneate and
unpolished involucres, herbaceous phyllaries with pitch black margines.
There are 12 species of Hippolytia in China, of which 3 are proposed as new in the
present paper.
Regarding the distribution pattern of Hippolytia, it is noteworthy to note that its
range of distribution forms a more or less U-shape as shown in map 2. It may be seen
that Hippolytia distributes in Central Asia-Sino-Himalaya-Median Asia. Section Antho-
desma Shih occurs in central Asia, while section Hippolytia in the whole Himalayan
region and northern Meridional Ranges and Median Asia.
There seems to be no center of species concentration within the total range of
Hippolytia, whose species are localized in distribution, for example, H. desmantha Shih
is known only from Qinghai provence (Yu-Shu-Hsien), H. alashanensis (Ling) Shih
is restricted to Ninghsia and central part of Kansu provence. It is interesting to note
that H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih and H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih are referred
to as vicarious species. The localization of the species distribution and the obvious
discontinuity of morphological characters between species indicate a remarkable geogra-
phical influence on the species formation of Hippolytia.
Hippolytia is an alpine genus of temperate zone of Asia, in which 64 per cent of
species occurs at high elevations of above 3300m. altitude, 30 per cent of species are
distributed in middle elevations of above 2200m. altitude. The life forms are micro-
undershrubs, erect perennial herbs, glomerule stemless herbs or stemless herbs. It is very
possible that its geographical origin and development may be linked up with occurance
of desert steppe, especially of alpine meadow vegetations in the northern temperate
zone of Asia.
With regard to the geographical elements to which each species of Hippolytia
belongs, it seems to indicate that H. trifida (Turcz.) Poljak., H. alashanensis (Ling)
Shih and H. desmantha Shih belong to the geographical elements of central Asia,
while H. yunnanensis (J. F. Jeffrey) Shih, H. glomerata Shih, H. tomentosa (DC.)
Tzvel., H. senecionis (Bess.) Poljak. H. longifolia (Wall.) Shih, H. kennedayi (Dunn)
Ling, H. syncalathiformis Shih, H. gossypina (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Shih and H. nana
(C. B. Clarke) Shih to Himalayan elements, and H. darvasica (C. Winkl.) Poljak., H.
megacephala (Rupr.) Poljak,, H. herderi (Rgl. et Schmalh.) Poljak. to Median Asia, H.
delavayi (W. W. Smith) Shih to North-West-Yunna.
相似文献
17.
18.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1993,31(5):432-450
The Present paper is a preliminary result of study on three genera,
Dubyaea, Syncalathium and Soroseris of the tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) in China.
The genus Dubyaea in China so far known consists of 14 species, of which
six are described here as new: D. pteroponda Shih, D. lanceolate Shih, D.
muliensis Shih, D. panduriformis Shih, D. cymiformis Shih and D. jinyangensis
Shih. In addition, one new combination, i.e.D. bhotanica (Hutch.) Shih, is
made.
There are six species in the genus Syncalathium in Chinese flora, of which one
species is described here as new. This is S. orbiculariforme Shih. A new combina-
tion, S. pilosum (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih, is made in the paper.
The genus Soroseris comprises nine species, of which three are described here
as new, S. teres Shih, S. chrysocephala Shih and S. qinghaiensis Shih. Three new
combinations, i.e.S. trichocarpa (Franch.) Shih, S. hirsuta (Anth.) Shih, and S.erysimoides (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih are made in the present paper. 相似文献
19.
石铸 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1986,24(4):292-296
Almost no differences are seen in habit and infrescence between the gene-
ra Vladimiria and Dolomiaea; the former that was founded on the basis of Jurinea sal-
winensis Hand.-Mazz. by Iljin should be transferred to the later that was earlier found-
ed on the basis of D. macrocephala DC. by De Candolle. But considering the style which
has fine, spreading and apex-acute branches in the group Vladimiria, it is reasonable
to treat the group Vladimiria as a section in the genus Dolomiaea, i.e. Dolomiaea sect.
Vladimiria (Iljin) Shih. Therefore, the genus Dolomiaea is expanded in the circums-
cription in the present paper, not only including the primary group with short, com-
pact and apex-rounded style branches, i.e. Dolomiaea sect. Dolomiaea, but also sect. Vla-
dimiria (Iljin) shih with different characters of style-arms.
Nine species and 1 variety as new combinations are listed in the sect. Vladimiria
(Iljin) Shih as following: D. denticulata (Ling) Shih, D. forrestii (Diels) Shih, D.
scabrida (Shih et S. Y. Jin) Shih, D. souliei(Franch.) Shih, D. souliei (Franch) Shih
var. mirabilis (Anth.) Shih, D. berardioidea (Franch.) Shih, D. georgii (Anth.) Shih,
D. edulis (Franch.) Shih, D. salwinensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih and D. platylepis (Hand.
-Mazz.) Shih. 相似文献
20.
本文叙述了木蓝属系统研究的简史，对该属形态特征的演化趋势及属下分类进行系统
研究，根据植物习性、叶的特征、果实形态及含种子数，将国产木蓝属80种，1变种归纳为3亚
属，并将木蓝亚属分为14亚组，其中包括9个新亚组，对其中一些种类作了归并及处理，并编 写了分种检索表。 相似文献