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1.
Joseph K. Adjaye 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):236-242
In an age of complex, fast and technologically based communication systems, some African societies continue to utilize indigenous communication systems (ICS) that are effective for their specific, local environments. Employing mixed methodologies, this paper examines one of these communicative systems known among the people of Elmina (and other Akan communities of Ghana) as —signified by the gong-gong—its processes and dynamics, its interrelationship with the socio-cultural milieu, and its interface with modern media. It concludes that ICS do not just represent cultural continuity; they are inclusive, interactive, and integrated into the chieftaincy institution, and continue to have an informational and educational value among rural folks. Confronting the dilemma of the interface between tradition and modernity, this essay recommends the retention of ICS alongside radio, TV, and the electronic media. 相似文献
2.
Wendy Maxian 《Mass Communication and Society》2014,17(2):274-298
Within the individual-media dependency relation (IMDR), individuals are at a disadvantage. Because media control the information resources individuals require, media typically have more power. However, with the proliferation of mobile information communication technologies (ICTs), that power is being challenged. ICTs allow individuals more control over their interactions with media-provided information. To see if ICTs altered IMDR, media power was conceptualized as changes in emotional response to media access for informational goal achievement. An experiment using an active imagery task was conducted and emotional responses to accessing information via ICTs and traditional media were obtained, along with media use measures. Emotional responses were measured along three factors: valence, arousal, and most importantly, dominance, or control. Results showed that ICT use did not have the predicted impacts on emotional responses. When ICT use was a significant factor, it was related to decreases in all three emotion factors. Ball-Rokeach's (1998) conceptualization of power was supported. Implications and limitations of the findings are also presented. 相似文献
3.
《Qualitative Research Reports in Communication》2013,14(1):79-86
Controversial media representations of the female body can reflect, reproduce, and even challenge ideological systems or Discourses (Jones, 2003; Louw, 2001). This article interrogates the discourse surrounding TIME Magazine's recent cover regarding attachment parenting, which featured a mother breastfeeding her toddler. The analysis of 1 online comment board shows that, although multiple meanings were present, the talk regarding the cover was overwhelmingly informed by the Discourse of (Hetero)Sexuality, which defines breastfeeding as a sexualized act only appropriate in private and for children of a certain age. This backdrop of sexuality for breastfeeding is significant not only for mothers’ choices and practices regarding nursing, but also for policymakers who seek to support breastfeeding. In addition, the findings reinforce the importance of attending to the interrelations within and between macro- and microlevels of discourse in investigating symbolic systems through which meanings are constructed. 相似文献
4.
Richard M. Perloff 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):701-729
Some 30 years ago, Vallone, Ross, and Lepper (1985) conducted a pioneering study of the hostile media effect in which they demonstrated that partisans perceive media coverage as unfairly biased against their side. Over the ensuing decades, scores of experiments and surveys have extended their findings, demonstrating hostile media effects in a variety of domains. Taking the measure of the research more than 30 years later by systematically reviewing the many studies conducted in different locales, this article summarizes the knowledge base on the hostile media effect. The article integrates findings, clarifies conceptual issues, and presents two research-based models of the effect. Future scholarly pathways are suggested, with a focus on how hostile media biases may change—or continue—in an era vastly different than the mass communication-dominated age in which the concept was pioneered. 相似文献
5.
Exemplification theory (Zillmann, 1999, 2002; Zillmann &; Brosius, 2000) suggests exemplar representations in media content may cause people to make overestimated judgments about phenomena included in this content. The current study sought to examine the role telepresence plays in increasing this exemplification effect. Two-hundred and seventeen participants viewed a news story about Hurricane Katrina using one of three channels: HDTV, NTSC, or on an iPod. Data were consistent with predictions as participants who experienced greater spatial presence and perceptual realism while watching this news story reported increased judgments of the severity of hurricanes and also reported a greater likelihood to engage in behaviors associated with hurricanes. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Danielle Catona Kathryn Greene Kate Magsamen-Conrad Amanda Carpenter 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2016,44(2):136-155
HIV remains a significant health concern entering the fourth decade of the epidemic [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. HIV basics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/index.html], and people living with HIV continue to grapple with stigma. This study uses Leary and Schreindorfer's [1998. The stigmatization of HIV and AIDS: Rubbing salt in the wound. In V. J. Derlega &; A. P. Barbee (Eds.), HIV and social interaction (pp. 12–29). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] conceptualization of stigma to explore prior stigmatization on reasons for and against future disclosures. We interviewed HIV+ individuals (N?=?59) and used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to analyze participants’ responses. Deductive codes consisted of four stigma characteristics (pose a threat to others’ health and safety, deviate from group standards, create negative emotional reactions in others, and failure to contribute), experiences of feeling stigmatized due to HIV status (yes or no), and the degree to which HIV stigma was a concern (major, minor, or no concern). Inductive coding identified examples of perceived and experienced stigma and stigma concerns on future disclosure decision-making. Practical implications discuss individual, institutional, and societal stigma-reduction interventions and programs. 相似文献
7.
Nourollah Zarrinabadi 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):292-298
Understanding of how different cultures value intercultural communication and communication competence is of considerable importance (Dilbeck, McCroskey, Richmond, & McCroskey, 2009). This research aims to investigate Iranian culture values related to self-perceived communication competence, which is reported to be a strong predictor of willingness to communicate (McCroskey & Richmond, 1990). The Self-Perceived Communication Competence (SPCC) instrument was used to measure the communication competence self-perceptions of more than 700 Iranian university students regarding various contexts and with various receivers. Results indicate that participants feel more competent communicating in dyads and group context and with friend and acquaintance receivers, while less competent when talking with strangers or in public and meetings. 相似文献
8.
Abstract Customer orientation has been suggested to create competitive advantage of firms (Kohli &; Jaworski, 1990). Therefore, the recommendation to media managers has been to let the creation and delivery of customer value guide their strategies for advertising sales (Aris &; Bughin, 2005). However, the concept of customer value, what it is, and how it is created remains unclear in many ways. This article explores the concept of customer value in advertising media purchasing from the media seller's perspective. Between December 2007 and February 2008, sales representatives from three Swedish TV networks were studied through in-depth interviews and observations as they progressed through a negotiation process with a large advertiser and its media agency. A qualitative analysis of the media sellers' experiences shows that they see advertiser and agency to perceiving the value of advertising media differently. Also, they see the customer side parties as diverging in the processes by which these value perceptions are formed. The article reveals the inherent problem of customer orientation on advertising markets—that within media purchasing practice, several actors have their own idea of value, and an advertiser's understanding of value is not always a decisive factor. The TV networks in the study have all chosen different strategies to deal with these dualities. 相似文献
9.
Sandra Valenti 《图书馆管理杂志》2017,57(7):807-817
Teaching in an online environment is not without its barriers. Time for course preparation, a need to engage students, and the need for near-constant accessibility make teaching online more difficult than might be the case in a face-to-face environment. However, changes in society, the need for students to interweave scholarship with their lives, work, and families, and continuing competition among higher education institutions are some reasons to do so. This article presents the reasons I believe it is important to teach online and offers a few suggestions for course development as a counterpoint to Dr. Holley's (2017) column on teaching management. 相似文献
10.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(1):86-110
This investigation extends the work of Stamp, Vangelisti, and Daly (1992) and others by explicating the multifaceted process of defensive communication among romantic couples. Qualitative data were derived from self-reports about a distinct episode of defensive communication in individual interviews, as well as direct analysis of couples’ communication in joint interviews. The proposed theoretical model reflects a more comprehensive, holistic, and precise framework that accounts for the triggers, core episode, outcomes, and contexts of defensive communication. The detailed model, which draws attention to interactive and person-centered features of defensive communication, is illustrated through the narrative account of one couple. Eleven data-based postulates are offered to fuel and focus subsequent investigations. 相似文献
11.
ZHEN ZHEN 《International Information and Library Review》2002,34(4):395
There are some obstacles for developing countries like China in adopting international standards. As a member of Subcommittee 4 of the National Technical Committee of Standardization for Information and Documentation (NTC/SID SC4), the author was involved in two taskforces one of which was to develop a new national standard identical to ISO 23950: 1998,Information and documentation—Information retrieval (Z39.50)—Application service definition and protocol specification . With some observations in the phase of preparation for the draft standard for comments (DS/C), which was probably the hardest part of the project, the author realized that more discussion with the international information standard community, better communication among domestic taskforces and more efficient management and administration would alleviate some pains in the process of localization of international standards. 相似文献
12.
Bibliometric data indexed through the Institute for Scientific Information were analyzed for 45 communication journals. Several measures were included to identify the most widely cited journals in the field, including (a) journal impact factor, (b) five-year journal impact, (c) article influence, and (d) journal relatedness. Results serve to expand on findings by Feeley (2008) with respect to overall and within-field influence of communication journals whose analysis covered 2002 through 2005 and 19 journals. Results indicate stability in journal impact ratings over time and several journals (e.g., Communication Research, Human Communication Research, Journal of Communication, Communication Monographs, and Communication Theory) are highly central in the communication journal citation network. 相似文献
13.
Web search algorithms that rank Web pages by examining the link structure of the Web are attractive from both theoretical and practical aspects. Todays prevailing link-based ranking algorithms rank Web pages by using the dominant eigenvector of certain matrices—like the co-citation matrix or variations thereof. Recent analyses of ranking algorithms have focused attention on the case where the corresponding matrices are irreducible, thus avoiding singularities of reducible matrices. Consequently, rank analysis has been concentrated on authority connected graphs, which are graphs whose co-citation matrix is irreducible (after deleting zero rows and columns). Such graphs conceptually correspond to thematically related collections, in which most pages pertain to a single, dominant topic of interest.A link-based search algorithm A is rank-stable if minor changes in the link structure of the input graph, which is usually a subgraph of the Web, do not affect the ranking it produces; algorithms A,B are rank-similar if they produce similar rankings. These concepts were introduced and studied recently for various existing search algorithms.This paper studies the rank-stability and rank-similarity of three link-based ranking algorithms—PageRank, HITS and SALSA—in authority connected graphs. For this class of graphs, we show that neither HITS nor PageRank is rank stable. We then show that HITS and PageRank are not rank similar on this class, nor is any of them rank similar to SALSA.This research was supported by the Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion, and by the Barnard Elkin Chair in Computer Science. 相似文献
14.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(2):137-164
Co-cultural theory provides a theoretical framework that examines the ways that members of co-cultural groups communicate when interacting with members of a dominant culture (Orbe, 1998a). The tenants of the theory were inductively derived via phenomenological analyses of focus group and interview data. Two of the central theoretical components, preferred outcome and communication approach, have been conceptualized as general tendencies that influence communication practices by co-cultural group members within interactions with members of dominant cultural groups. This article reports on the design of a self-report measure of these two components of co-cultural theory and provides evidence from two studies for the construct validity and reliability of the co-cultural theory scales (C-CTS). 相似文献
15.
Alex M. Susskind Donald F. Schwartz William D. Richards J. David Johnson 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):397-418
This article documents the 30‐year history of communication network research at Michigan State University (M.S.U.), providing a case study of the evolution and diffusion of an academic innovation. Three past and continuing issues for network scholars are identified: a lack of professional reward for developing user‐friendly computer programs, unresolved methodological problems, and a need for better theoretical and conceptual frameworks. The narrative also illustrates the difficulty communication as a discipline has in impacting broader intellectual traditions. The story begins with the first doctoral dissertation (Schwartz, 1968) and the first network analysis software program in 1970 (Richards’ Negopy), continuing to the last dissertation (Susskind, 1996), and ending in 1998 when J. David Johnson left the M.S.U. faculty. Other major players in the M.S.U. network tradition included David K. Berlo, Eugene Jacobson, Everett M. Rogers, Vincent Farace, Peter Monge, and Erwin Bettinghaus. Ironically, Schwartz and Susskind met in 1998 while Schwartz was preparing to retire from Cornell University and Susskind was starting as an Assistant Professor in a different department, thus providing closure to the M.S.U. network. 相似文献
16.
Lily A. Arasaratnam 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(2):93-99
Recently, a new model of intercultural communication was proposed and later empirically tested (Arasaratnam, 2004; Arasaratnam & Doerfel, 2005). The present study was designed to further test the model and address the limitations of the previous test. Survey data were collected from participants (N = 400) and analyzed using regression analyses. The results mostly supported the previous model. These results plus some new findings in the relationship between empathy and intercultural communication competence are discussed. 相似文献
17.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(2):99-125
A series of studies report the development of empirically derived instruments that measure student interest and engagement. The first study inductively develops an initial item pool through open-ended questionnaire data. A second study subjects the measures to exploratory factor analysis to ascertain an underlying factor structure. The third study deductively tests the measures through confirmatory factor analysis and examines associations among teacher communication behaviors, student emotional and cognitive interest, and engagement. A fourth study offers discriminant validity evidence, suggesting that the new measures are distinct from scales that assess similar yet divergent constructs. Guided by prior theory (Mottet, Frymier, & Beebe, 2006) and research (Harp & Mayer, 1997), the instruments developed here possess heuristic potential for instructional communication research. Implications and areas for future research are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Exploiting Hierarchy in Text Categorization 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
With the recent dramatic increase in electronic access to documents, text categorization—the task of assigning topics to a given document—has moved to the center of the information sciences and knowledge management. This article uses the structure that is present in the semantic space of topics in order to improve performance in text categorization: according to their meaning, topics can be grouped together into meta-topics, e.g., gold, silver, and copper are all metals. The proposed architecture matches the hierarchical structure of the topic space, as opposed to a flat model that ignores the structure. It accommodates both single and multiple topic assignments for each document. Its probabilistic interpretation allows its predictions to be combined in a principled way with information from other sources. The first level of the architecture predicts the probabilities of the meta-topic groups. This allows the individual models for each topic on the second level to focus on finer discriminations within the group. Evaluating the performance of a two-level implementation on the Reuters-22173 testbed of newswire articles shows the most significant improvement for rare classes. 相似文献
19.
David Morley 《The Communication Review》2013,16(2):101-121
As its title implies, this article explores a number of unanswered questions and outstanding issues in contemporary audience research. These include: models of the “active audience”; questions of cultural power; global media and transnational audiences; methodologies in audience research; problems of essentialism in the conceptualization of categories of audience members; the strengths and limitations of the encoding/decoding model; models of intellectual progress in the field; the new media and technologies of “newness.” My title is derived from Bertolt Brecht’s “Anecdotes of Mr Keuner” in which he extols the virtue of thinking up questions to which we do not have answers (Brecht, 1966). Working from this principle, rather than trying to formulate solutions to the problems of our field, my contribution here is based on questions in media audience research to which I, at least, do not have the answers, as a way of taking stock of what exactly it is that we think we now know about the field. 相似文献
20.
《Communication methods and measures》2013,7(4):323-338
Reliability is an important bottleneck for content analysis and similar methods for generating analyzable data. This is because the analysis of complex qualitative phenomena such as texts, social interactions, and media images easily escape physical measurement and call for human coders to describe what they read or observe. Owing to coders inescapable individual differences in background, the data they generate for subsequent analysis are prone to errors not typically found in mechanical measuring devices. However, most agreement measures designed to indicate whether data are sufficiently reliable to warrant subsequent analysis do not differentiate among kinds of disagreement that make data unreliable. This paper distinguishes two kinds of disagreement, systematic disagreement and random disagreement, and suggests measures of them in conjunction with the agreement coefficient α (alpha) (Krippendorff, 2004a, pp. 211–256). These measures, previously proposed for interval data (Krippendorff, 1970), are here developed for nominal data. Their importance lies in their ability to not only aid the development of reliable coding instructions but also warn researchers about two kinds of errors they face when using imperfect data. 相似文献