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1.
Institutional change includes the supplanting of the old model of production with a new one, the elimination of old markets
and the emergence of new ones. As higher education around the world shifts from national markets to an integrated transnational
market, and possibly toward a virtual market, Christian higher education, like other market sectors, will have the opportunity
to redefine its market niche. Emerging opportunities linked to new institutional rules will challenge higher education in
ways that may not yet be obvious to its present managers and faculties. How the university in its portfolio of options might
negotiate the elimination of old markets and the creation of new markets is the subject of this essay. A general set of principles
and recommendations is offered.
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2.
Education Markets,Choice and Social Class: the market as a class strategy in the UK and the USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Stephen J. Ball 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1993,14(1):3-19
The market alternative in education is gaining ground in policy‐making circles on both sides of the Atlantic. Parental choice and school competition are seen as ways of achieving reform and raising standards while at the same time reducing State intervention into education planning. This paper interrogates the arguments made for markets and against public monopoly schooling; and it is argued that on both counts the claims of advocates are partial and flawed. The failure to address the bases and effects of inequalities of the market are given particular attention. It is argued that markets in education provide the possibility for the pursuit of class advantage and generate a differentiated and stratified system of schooling.
3.
Ka-ho Mok 《Higher Education》1999,37(2):133-158
This paper attempts to examine how market forces have affected educational development in Hong Kong and Mainland China. In both places, there has been a trend to the decentralisation and marketisation of education in recent years, particularly in the realm of higher education. Based upon recent research conducted in Hong Kong and China, the author argues that higher education in these two places has been significantly affected by emerging market forces. The core of the paper is confined to the discussion of two major issues: user charges and the introduction of competition and cost recovery in education. The main focus of this paper is on what strategies educational institutions in Hong Kong and China have employed in response to the strong tide of marketisation. Particular attention will be given to discussing how markets and competition have affected the governance and delivery of educational services in Hong Kong and China. This comparative study has demonstrated that even though the recent developments in higher education in these two places have been experiencing a similar global trend, the global tide of universal trend in which private charges, market competition, non-state provision, corporate governance, system-wide performance management should not be treated as a simplistic notion of undifferentiated universal trend. Instead, different places may take different configurations in cases of marketization which remain national-specific as well as global. 相似文献
4.
A significant global trend during the 1990s is the restructuring of higher education systems. The essence of this restructuring process is a redefinition of the relationship between institutions of higher learning, the state, and the market, and a drastic reduction of institutional autonomy. This article is an analysis of the restructuring process in the forms of privatisation of higher education and corporatisation of public universities in Malaysia. This analysis highlights the context of higher education reforms in the era of globalization, major trends in higher education reforms and Malaysias responses to these global trends. By focusing on the institutional level, this article examines the expansion and diversification of private higher education as well as the change in the governance and culture of public universities brought about by privatisation and corporatisation. 相似文献
5.
With its shift to a market economy gathering speed from the 1990s, the Chinese Government embarked on an agenda that brought neoliberal forces into almost all sectors including education. The policies underpinned China’s spectacular economic growth, but in education have had consequences that arguably are problematic.
Drawing on a mixed-methods study in Shanghai, this paper examines ‘micro-neoliberalism’ in China’s education system, i.e. privatization and marketization at the individual, family, and institutional levels, with focus on blurring boundaries between public schooling and private supplementary tutoring. Some dimensions of these processes resulted from deliberate macro-level policies to decentralize control of schooling, raise performance, and empower private education. Other dimensions arose from the market behavior of individuals, families, and institutions that countered government efforts to steer parental choice of schools and to reduce disparities between schools. Education policies are enacted not only in schools but also in the shadow sector which is commonly overlooked. This paper focuses on Shanghai but has implications for other parts of China; and since shadow education is expanding as a global phenomenon, it also has relevance to many other countries. 相似文献
6.
Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》1997,34(1):63-80
Conventional liberal frameworks – in which power is seen asthe property of states, and repressive in character, and market and stateexclude each other – are unable to comprehend the recent changes inliberal government, including the government of systems and institutions inhigher education. Neo-liberal government rests on self-managing institutionsand individuals, in which free agents are empowered to act on their ownbehalf but are steered from a distance by policy norms and rules of thegame. In the universities government-created markets and quasi-markets havebeen used to advance both devolution and central control, simultaneously,and national government and institutional management are increasinglyimplicated in each other. These issues are explored in relation to recenthigher education literature, and empirically, the latter by examining thechanges in the Australian higher education system in the last decade. TheAustralian system provides an example of a quasi-market in which thedevelopment of a stronger institutional management, the introduction ofgovernment-institution negotiations over educational profiles, and the newsystems of competitive bidding, performance management and qualityassessment have all been used to steer academic work and to install aprocess of continuous self-transformation along modern neo-liberal lines.Following a change of government in 1996 there has been some movement from aquasi-market to a more fully developed economic market, but no relaxation ofgovernment control. 相似文献
7.
In formal terms, Finland has a comprehensive higher education system. There are 20 institutions of higher education in the country, all owned by the state, and one of the central objectives in higher education policy has been to establish all of them on an equal footing in terms of basic resources and status. Not until the 1990s has a shift taken place towards the official injection of a competitive element into higher education policy.During recent decades, the state's grip on the steering of the universities has been tightening; but the shift towards increased competition means a shift towards domination by market forces.This article examines both the changing tasks of the university, and the fact, despite the egalitarianism of official democratic higher education policy, of stratification. The aim of the article is to analyze the diversification linked to the selection function of the Finnish higher education system, and thus to create a basis for the investigation of changing higher education policy. 相似文献
8.
Chris Taylor 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):197-214
While not providing a social class analysis of market competition this paper aims to build upon such work by introducing other factors that appear to be present in the education market place. In this paper market competition is considered along two broad dimensions. The first examines educational markets as spatial phenomenon. In the second an empirical study of competition and markets in action is undertaken based on one year's transfer of pupils to secondary schools across six LEAs, each with different geographies. The study proposes three key ways in which competition between schools can be classified. It also suggests that the education market place is, generally, hierarchical, and that the position of schools within these hierarchies is largely associated with their relative examination performances. The paper concludes by suggesting that the concept and the subsequent identification of the ‘local’ markets is necessary before addressing issues such as the impact on school rolls and potential social segregation of intakes. 相似文献
9.
10.
Certain systems analysis techniques can be applied to examinations of program failure in continuing education to locate weaknesses in planning and implementing stages. Since failures can be the result of human errors and environmental conditions (and frequently a combination of both), a systems design to determine causes must include techniques that can detect both individual and nonhuman factors. Questions to guide an analysis and various procedures are recommended. Unexamined failures may lead to tossing the baby out with the bathwater, when analysis, in fact, could be the initial step toward successful future implementation. 相似文献
11.
Linda Moussouris 《Higher Education》1998,35(1):91-112
This paper examines the "connection"between higher education and economic development in Massachusetts, a state whose renowned academic institutions have fueled the rise of a premier high technology industrial district. But in the aftermath to the abrupt demise of the Massachusetts Miracle, the state higher education system sought to develop a new mandate for public service in the 90s keyed to upgrading the state's industrial base and coordinating with labor market needs. These growing involvements in manifestly vocational endeavors seem to reflect a major shift in the models that articulate the higher education-economic development connection in Massachusetts. Thus, it appears that the elite model of the world-class research university sparking numerous industry spin-offs has been joined by newer diffusion-oriented models of academic outreach that extend out from the community colleges into the workplace and even into the K-12 schools. 相似文献
12.
13.
Harry Anthony Patrinos 《Higher Education》1990,20(2):161-173
As a result of current economic conditions, developing countries have had to re-examine their methods for funding higher education. The World Bank has suggested several policy changes to help countries such as Colombia cope with the situation. The goal of these changes is to allow more equitable access to education, to increase the resources flowing to education, and to derive maximum benefit from this increase in funds. The proposed changes include decentralizing management, expanding private schools, and introducing student loans and selective scholarships, and cost-recovery in higher education.This paper examines the applicability of such a package in Colombia. It is argued that the main problems are the quality of higher education and access to education. Other obstacles include the ideology of free higher education and the opposition of the upper classes to selective scholarships in Colombia. The prospects for decentralized control of education are seen, at best, as a remote possibility. 相似文献
14.
Suzanne Ogden 《Higher Education》1982,11(1):85-109
This article addresses the rapidly changing situation in higher education in the People's Republic of China. Although it is impossible to predict the nature of the final product, there can be little doubt that the present vibrant period of intellectual searching and questioning in China is having beneficial effects on Chinese higher education, and on educational exchange with foreign universities. The article examines the state of higher education in China today and investigates why, rather than just the ten bad years of a Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) for the entire country, higher education has suffered from a full twenty bad years. The effects of constant changes in the Party line and the use of class struggle to achieve objectives in higher education are examined as they relate to university administration, curriculum, the university structure, faculty, and libraries. The article focuses on the issues that are now being raised, and the parameters within which future changes in higher education will occur. 相似文献
15.
John Welton 《Higher Education》1983,12(5):597-607
This article examines factors affecting the development and implementation of Education Policy with special reference to the 1981 Education Act for England and Wales. Research is reported about professional practice and administrative behaviour in special education assessment. Six professional and administrative factors are identified which may affect the implementation of the new special education legislation:
- The nature of the professional domain of special education assessment;
- The emergence of competing definitions of special educational need and good practice;
- The concern for professional and administrative accountability;
- The concern for the rights of users of special education provision;
- The politicisation of special education through the development of interest groups;
- The market relations between supply and demand in special education provision.
16.
Kenneth P. Jameson 《Higher Education》1997,33(3):265-281
Ecuadors higher education system mirrors that of other Latin American countries in its many internal and external stresses. It also provides an opportunity to view a reform process occurring in a vacuum of central government influence and authority, one whose direction is largely set by the universities in response to perceived stresses. Those stresses arise from the differentiation of the system in the last decade, questions about the role of higher education in Ecuador, and the absence of governmental direction. Changes in higher education in Ecuador must be examined in the context of higher educations role in development. The paper notes the case for the importance of higher education and the new theoretical support for higher education that endogenous growth models provide. It then examines the self-generated reform process which is occurring in Ecuador in the areas of teaching, of student access and of university finance. The final issue addressed is the relation between these changes, with their important implications for transforming the higher education system, and the development needs of Ecuador. There are many positive elements to the reform process which will contribute to development. However, until the government policy vacuum is filled, their potential benefit will remain only partially realized. 相似文献
17.
N. Alan Sheppard 《Innovative Higher Education》1980,5(1):7-17
This article examines and describes the responses of higher education institutions in meeting the needs of older people. Specifically, the article describes the concern of the Federal Council on the Aging for increased educational offerings for older people at American universities and colleges. It provides an overview of the demographic factors creating a graying society, discusses the challenge that aging presents to higher education, and cites, with examples, steps to be taken by higher education institutions to directly or indirectly benefit older persons. 相似文献
18.
Grant Harman 《Higher Education》1988,17(3):251-266
This paper discusses how tertiary education policy is handled at the national level in Australia, and how effective this approach is today in terms of the considerable future problems to be faced. An assessment is made of both policy successes and policy failures over the last two decades, and brief comments are offered about future prospects.This is a revised version of a paper presented at the conference on A New Order for Tertiary Education in Australia held from 9 to 12 July 1987 at the Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education, Toowoomba, Queensland. 相似文献
19.
E. Stina Lyon 《Higher Education》1996,31(3):301-323
The growth in the number of women entering higher education is one of the educational success stories of the century. But there has so far been little research into the extent to which this growth has been matched by a comparable success in labour market outcomes for women graduates. This paper directs itself to issues arising in the relationship between higher education and early labour market experiences for women graduates using evidence from three European countries: Britain, Germany and Sweden. Information collected from recent graduate surveys, undertaken within similar frameworks and time spans, is compared within and across different subject fields and over time. It is shown that choice of subject of study is the major factor influencing labour market entry. Women continue academically to prepare themselves for careers within spheres of work traditionally seen as female and follow financially less rewarding career paths premised on assumptions about women's domestic roles. It is also shown to be the case that the few women who choose to follow traditionally male careers paths, though starting off in a more favourable labour market position than other women, still earn less than their male colleagues from within the same field, and over time lose some of their initial relative gains largely due to part-time work patterns. The differential significance of family formation for men and women is noted. The information is discussed in light of a changing labour market situation overall for women in Europe, and the need to understand women's employment patterns and career needs in a more long-term and gender oriented perspective. 相似文献
20.
Private higher education in Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diana L. Stone 《Higher Education》1990,20(2):143-159
In the post World War Two era and prior to the mid 1980s Australia has been characterised by exclusive public provision, financing and regulation of higher education. The 1980s, however, have been marked by considerable turmoil which culminated in the 1988 White Paper. Circumstances provided by the reform of the higher education system, the booming overseas student market and unmet domestic demand have provided a window of opportunity for private providers. This paper charts the growth of private provision, federal and state government responses and the pressures for subsidy and regulation. The paper concludes that the policies of both levels of government are hastening the development of what Geiger (1988) defines as a peripheral private sector of higher education in Australia. 相似文献