共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
本文通过对上海市两届大学生定向越野队(即第七届、八届全国大学生运动会)定向队运动员失误情况的统计与分析(以下简称上海定向队),寻找学生在定向越野中技术方面存在的问题,提出了若干改进定向越野技能的训练方法,以促进学生定向运动技术水平的提高(以下都简称第七届与第八届)。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
本文通过在全岩巷道中进行反向爆破试验,并进行了正、反向爆破效果对比及分析,提出了全岩掘进中使用反向爆破的技术安全措施,对提高全岩巷掘进单进具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
11.
近几十年来,SARS冠状病毒、埃博拉病毒、高致病性禽流感H7N9等新发和烈性传染病接连出现,严重影响人类健康。新发和烈性传染病病原由于没有有效的疫苗和药物,具有传染性强、传播速度快、传播范围广等特点,现代生物学技术的发展使得这些病原有可能作为生物武器,威胁我国生物安全。文章分析国内外新发和烈性传染病流行现状,阐述新发和烈性传染病与生物安全的关系以及可能带来的生物恐怖威胁,探讨新发和烈性传染病防控研究的前沿技术,提出了我国新发和烈性传染病防控中存在的问题,同时针对武汉国家生物安全实验室的落成对新发和烈性传染病的防控和生物安全的防护进行了展望。 相似文献
12.
This article examines one particular set of technologies arising from developments in human genetics, those aimed at improving the targeting, design and use of conventional small molecule drugs-pharmacogenetics. Much of the debate about the applications and consequences of pharmacogenetics has been highly speculative, since little or no working technology is yet on the market. This article provides a novel analysis of the development of pharmacogenetics, and the social and ethical issues it raises, based on the sociology of technological expectations. In particular, it outlines how two alternative visions for the development of the technology are being articulated and embedded in a range of heterogeneous discourses, artefacts, actor strategies and practices, including: competing scientific research agendas, experimental technologies, emerging industrial structures and new ethical discourses. Expectations of how pharmacogenetics might emerge in each of these arenas are actively shaping the trajectory of this nascent technology and its potential socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
13.
In this paper we will examine some ethical aspects of the role that computers and computing increasingly play in new genetics. Our claim is that there is no new genetics without computer science. Computer science is important for the new genetics on two levels: (1) from a theoretical perspective, and (2) from the point of view of geneticists practice. With respect to (1), the new genetics is fully impregnate with concepts that are basic for computer science. Regarding (2), recent developments in the Human Genome Project (HGP) have shown that computers shape the practices of molecular genetics; an important example is the Shotgun Method's contribution to accelerating the mapping of the human genome. A new challenge to the HGP is provided by the Open Source Philosophy (I computer science), which is another way computer technologies now influence the shaping of public policy debates involving genomics. 相似文献
14.
本文根据农林院校园艺专业学生培养的特点以及园艺作物遗传育种学教学实践和体会,对园艺作物遗传育种学的教学工作提出几种观点。 相似文献
15.
2005年,生命科学和生物技术发展仍然保持着国际自然科学和高技术研究的主流与核心地位,在系统生物学、行为生物学、新药创制、转基因动植物、生物质能源方面的进展尤为引人注目。我国生命科学和生物技术界在2005年实现了新突破,在基因组和表观遗传学、结构生物学、植物科学和药物发现发展方面获得全方位进步,并启动了系统生物学/系统生物医学的新领域,为从2006年起实施中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,实现我国生命科学和生物技术“迎头赶上”的目标,奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
16.
Bates BR 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(1):47-65
As the role of genetic science in everyday life has grown, policymakers have become concerned about Americans' understandings of this science. Much effort has been devoted to formal schooling, but less attention has been paid to the role of public culture in shaping public understanding of genetics. Research into public cultural messages about genetics has claimed that the public is likely to adopt problematic accounts, but few studies have explored the public's articulation of these messages. This study is based on 25 focus groups convened to explore the lay public's understanding of genetics. The study found that the public processed a greater variety of messages than assumed by previous researchers, including documentaries, non-science-fiction films, and popular television in addition to previous researchers' focus on science fiction and news media. The study also found that the public does not process the messages through the linear, transmission model assumed by previous research. The public processes messages about genetics complexly and critically. On the basis of these findings, the study suggests that researchers should include a greater variety of texts about genetics in their research and attend more fully to audience processing in addition to content analyses of these texts. 相似文献
17.
Sanderson SC Wardle J Michie S 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(2):213-224
Genetics opinion surveys often include information to ensure that respondents have sufficient understanding to give informed responses. The information is assumed to be neutral but may skew responses. We assessed the impact of a seemingly "neutral" information leaflet on attitudes towards genetic testing among 1,024 survey respondents, half of whom received the leaflet. The leaflet group reported higher levels of subjective understanding of genetic testing (68 percent vs. 53 percent), were mre interested in genetic testing (81 percent vs. 77 percent), and held more positive attitudes towards genetics than people who did not receive the leaflet. Information leaflets may have the intended effect of increasing understanding, but may also unintentionally influence reported views of genetics. In the light of the weight given to public consultation in today's governance and regulation of human genetics, increased awareness of how even seemingly neutral information can influence public attitudes is recommended. 相似文献
18.
Rabino I 《Science, technology & human values》2003,28(3):365-402
To better understand ethical issues involved in the field of human genetics and promote debate within the scientific community, the author surveyed scientists who engage in human genetics research about the pros, cons, and ethical implications of genetic testing. This study contributes systematic data on attitudes of scientific experts. The survey finds respondents are highly supportive of voluntary testing and the right to know one's genetic heritage. The majority consider in utero testing and consequent pregnancy termination acceptable for cases involving likelihood of serious disease but disapprove for genetic reasons they consider arbitrary, leaving a gray area of distinguishing between treatment of disorders and enhancement still to be resolved. While safeguarding patient confidentiality versus protecting at-risk third parties (kin, reproductive partners) presents a dilemma, preserving privacy from misuse by institutional third parties (employers, insurers) garners strong consensus for legislation against discrimination. Finally, a call is made for greater genetic literacy. 相似文献
19.
Isaac Rabino 《Science, technology & human values》2003,28(2):365-402
To better understand ethical issues involved in the field of human genetics and promote debate within the scientific community, the author surveyed scientists who engage in human genetics research about the pros, cons, and ethical implications of genetic testing. This study contributes systematic data on attitudes of scientific experts. The survey finds respondents are highly supportive of voluntary testing and the right to know one's genetic heritage. The majority consider in utero testing and consequent pregnancy termination acceptable for cases involving likelihood of serious disease but disapprove for genetic reasons they consider arbitrary, leaving a gray area of distinguishing between treatment of disorders and enhancement still to be resolved. While safeguarding patient confidentiality versus protecting at-risk third parties (kin, reproductive partners) presents a dilemma, preserving privacy from misuse by institutional third parties (employers, insurers) garners strong consensus for legislation against discrimination. Finally, a call is made for greater genetic literacy. 相似文献
20.
Two cases of missing children in Portugal (Joana and Maddie) have recently highlighted the dilemmas and contingencies associated with the technology of "genetic fingerprinting" for forensic purposes in the context of criminal investigations. The purpose of this article is to analyze the popular press's discourses and representations around forensic genetics in the context of those two highly mediatized criminal investigation cases. The symbolical construction and representation of forensic genetics by the media presents a form of public exposure to beliefs on forensic genetics' characteristics and potential. These are blended with popular cultural contexts that are constructed with reference to images of a super-science which may carry consequences in the public understanding of forensic science. The media coverage of both cases and their actual disclosure resembles the patterns ofa CSI effect, insofar as real science's capabilities and limitations are placed against fictionalized representations of forensic science. 相似文献