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1.
目标定向理论在篮球教学中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对浙江省部分高校篮球专选大一、大二410名男、女学生的任务定向和自我定向进行2个月的测试,结果表明:篮球专选的大学生在专选课过程中任务定向均值较高,而自我定向均值较低,但大二学生的自我定向比大一要高,而大二学生的任务定向比大一学生的要低。造成此现象的主要原因是:现代大学生对篮球运动项目理解有差距,对自己身体能力了解不够,盲目追求分数,体育专选项目的评分标准不规范。 相似文献
2.
Ng Aik Kwang 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2003,23(2):183-200
In this article, I examine the meaningful relationships which exist between learning goals, creativity and personality. Two hundred and fifty respondents from two local universities in Singapore responded to a survey which contained various psychological scales which measured specific psychological constructs. They included task orientation, ego‐approach orientation, ego‐avoidance orientation, creativity, conformity, autonomous causality orientation, controlled causality orientation, openness to experience, agreeable‐ness and neuroticism. Task orientation was found to be positively associated with creativity, autonomous causality orientation and openness to experience, and negatively associated with conformity. Both ego‐approach and ego‐avoidance orientations were found to be positively associated with conformity, controlled causality orientation and neuroticism, and negatively associated with creativity and openness to experience. In addition, ego‐approach orientation was found to be negatively associated with agreeableness. In the discussion, it was stressed that if educators wished to nurture creative, compassionate and vivacious students who enjoyed the learning process, rather than competitive, conforming and wary students who feared the learning process, then it was necessary to cultivate a learning environment which encouraged students to be task‐involved rather than ego‐involved. 相似文献
3.
为了调查分析当代大学生的价值观现状,分析其影响因素,采用施瓦茨11个维度的人生价值观问卷对3702名在校大学生进行问卷调查.调查结果表明：与女生相比,男生更看重权力价值观;与男生相比,女生更看重成就、享乐、自我定向、普遍性、仁善、传统、遵从、安全、精神性价值观;高中文科的大学生与理科生相比更看重成就、享乐、自我定向、普遍性、传统、遵从、安全等价值观;施瓦茨11种价值观念有多项呈现中度到高度相关;家庭经济条件、生源地、父母的文化水平对多个价值观念有预测作用.因此,当代大学生价值观选择呈现复杂多元性,对各种价值观选择的概率呈现出均匀分布态势;价值观的形成受到生理、心理、家庭、学校、社会等多种因素的共同影响. 相似文献
4.
Hae-Deok Song Barbara L. Grabowski 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2006,54(5):445-466
One important factor related to ill-structured problem-solving success is intrinsic motivation, that is, students’ willingness
to persist in solving the problem. Goal orientation, a motivational variable, explains reasons why students engage in the
activity because they want to either learn or perform. This study investigated the relationship between these two types of
goal orientations and their effects on motivation and problem solving by varying three instructional contexts designed to
promote one of the two orientations. Heterogeneous and homogeneous peer grouping based on self-efficacy was also predicted
to affect intrinsic motivation and problem solving. The results indicated that students in the learning-oriented context had
significantly higher intrinsic motivation than those in the performance-oriented context. Students in the heterogeneous peer
group had higher scores on monitoring and evaluating problem-solving subskills than those in the homogeneous peer groups.
Learning-goal orientation and solution development were significantly related when students participated in the learning-oriented,
heterogeneous peer grouping treatment group. 相似文献
5.
The current study investigated how teachers would intervene in hypothetical conflicts experienced by students in the classroom and how informal labeling of students and affect relate to teachers' hypothetical interventions. Thirty-one teachers from various early childhood learning centers were recruited for participation. Teachers were presented with 3 hypothetical situations depicting children involved in peer conflicts. They were asked to rate the child who had initiated the conflict according to lists of positive and negative characteristics, as well as to rate how much positive and negative affect was elicited from the situation. Next, teachers recorded how they would intervene in each conflict, with responses coded as either mediation or cessation. Results suggested that teachers tended to use more cessation than mediation in dealing with classroom conflict and that interventions varied depending on the described behavioral background of the child presented. Labeling and affect also varied among the 3 different child characterizations of easy, difficult, and ambiguous. Findings lend support to a relationship between both labeling and affect with teachers' negotiation interventions. Understanding the implications of this study in the context of its limitations is highlighted. 相似文献
6.
Hyunjoo Lee 《教育心理学》2016,36(2):297-322
This study examined how performance feedback type (progress vs. distance) affects Korean college students’ self-regulation and task achievement according to relative goal importance in the pursuit of multiple goals. For this study, 146 students participated in a computerised task. The results showed the interaction effects of goal importance and performance feedback type on self-regulation and task achievement. Specifically, the participants in high goal importance conditions who received distance feedback showed higher self-regulation of metacognition (goal setting), motivation-emotion (efforts investment, task enjoyment) and task achievement (task completion time, task score) than those who received progress feedback. In addition, effort investment and task enjoyment increased in the latter part of the task for the participants in high goal importance conditions who received distance feedback, whereas they decreased for those who received progress feedback. However, the opposite results were shown for the participants in low goal importance conditions. 相似文献
7.
Three groups of high school science students (college-bound and non-college-bound freshmen, college-bound juniors and seniors) completed surveys measuring their beliefs in the utility of four kinds of study strategies, three types of motivational orientation to science (task orientation, ego orientation, and work avoidance), their reported ability, and attitude toward science. Results indicated that belief in the usefulness of strategies requiring deep processing of information was more strongly positively related to task orientation than to ego orientation in all groups. For the younger groups only, task orientation was positively related to belief in the utility of surface-level strategies (e.g., rote memorization of facts). Task orientation proved to be the best predictor of student beliefs in deep-processing strategies, above and beyond that explained by perceived ability and interest in science. The implications of these findings for the current and future goals of science educators are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Although intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are increasingly used, it is unclear which psychological processes precede students' learning gains. Using a pre- and posttest design, the present study examined a sequence of psychological processes informed by control value theory. We investigated (a) whether secondary school students' topic-related cognitive appraisals (value and control) affected their task-related affective (enjoyment and boredom) and cognitive (engagement and performance) outcomes while using the ITS and (b) whether task-related outcomes affected learning. Path analyses showed that students’ topic-related interest, but not perceived utility, personal importance or self-efficacy, was associated with task-related enjoyment. In turn, enjoyment showed reciprocal effects on and of engagement and ongoing task performance, which predicted final performance and, ultimately, learning gains. The influence of boredom, in contrast, was minimal along this sequence. More generally, the findings highlight the difficulty of establishing a clear pattern of sequential causation derived from control value theory for the current ITS context, with evidence demonstrating the systematic influence of confounders accounting for the predicted relations among components. Despite these limitations, we identified key psychological processes involving the contribution of affective and cognitive processes to learning in the ITS context. 相似文献
9.
Perceived competence is a key motivational determinant of physical activity behaviours in adolescents, and motivational determinants are influenced by the class environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of perceived physical competence, enjoyment and effort in class, focusing on gender and class‐type differences. Participants were 546 adolescents (289 males, 257 females) who were in same‐sex or coeducational physical education classes. The Hierarchical Physical Competence Scale (HPCS) and questionnaire measures of enjoyment and effort in classes were used to investigate students’ perceptions. Results of 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that students’ perceptions of physical competence, enjoyment and effort in classes differed according to gender and class type, but these differences must be viewed in light of strong interaction effects. That is, female students reported more positive and adaptive perceptions in same‐sex classes and were more affected by class type than were male students. 相似文献
10.
Nu Nu Wai Yukiko Hirakawa Kyoko Hirasawa John H. Giles 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2005,6(2):153-157
Problem solving as a skill is emphasized within the revised Japanese Course of Study for schools. This experimental study,
conducted among Japanese high school students, evaluates an effort to develop student ability to identify reasons fordifferent points of view, not just personally favored views. First, the ability of all students was tested using a reading literacy
question from the 2000 PISA test, which measures the reading skills of evaluation and reflection. The experimental group then
participated in a developmental learning activity. After the activity, all students were retested using the same PISA question.
Nothing conclusive was found regarding the general effectiveness of the lesson activity, but two insights were gained. It
was found that student self-awareness of the importance of the learning task and interactive learning are important to consider. 相似文献
11.
James S. Cole David A. Bergin Tiffany A. Whittaker 《Contemporary educational psychology》2008,33(4):609-624
We investigated motivation for taking low stakes tests. Based on expectancy-value theory, we expected that the effect of student perceptions of three task values (interest, usefulness, and importance) on low stakes test performance would be mediated by the student’s reported effort. We hypothesized that all three task value components would play a significant role in predicting test-taking effort, and that effort would significantly predict test performance. Participants were 1005 undergraduate students enrolled at four midsize public universities. After students took all four subtests of CBASE, a standardized general education exam, they immediately filled out a motivation survey. Path analyses showed that the task value variables usefulness and importance significantly predicted test-taking effort and performance for all four tests. These results provide evidence that students who report trying hard on low stakes tests score higher than those who do not. The results indicate that if students do not perceive importance or usefulness of an exam, their effort suffers and so does their test score. While the data are correlational, they suggest that it might be useful for test administrators and school staff to communicate to students the importance and usefulness of the test that they are being asked to complete. 相似文献
12.
School tasks interact with student motivation, cognition, and instruction to influence learning and achievement. Heeding calls for additional research linking motivational and cognitive factors in learning and instruction on specific tasks within authentic classroom settings we quantitatively and qualitatively track 90 tenth‐grade science students’ motivation, reported use of learning strategies, achievement, calibration, and task perceptions as they engage in a well‐structured task (WST) and an ill‐structured task (IST). Students achieved higher grades on, and reported more ease and value for, the WST whereas they utilised critical thinking and peer learning strategies more on the IST. Lower academic achievers calibrated their achievement less accurately on each task and experienced lower grades, interest, ease, and management capability on the IST. Conversely, higher academic achieving students reported more self‐efficacy and effort regulation and lower anxiety and elaboration on the IST. Motivation – notably less intrinsic goal orientation in low academic achievers and higher task value and self‐efficacy – predicted performance on the IST. The structure of tasks may provide prompts that illicit unique self‐regulated learning responses in students. 相似文献
13.
Ego depletion effects on mathematics performance in primary school students: why take the hard road?
Reduction in performance level following on from brief periods of self‐control is referred to as ego depletion. This study aimed to investigate if a brief ego depletion experience would impact upon primary school students working through an online mathematics exercise involving 40 computational trials. Seventy‐two students participated in the control group, and 80 students participated in the ego depletion group. The students were 10–14 years of age. A three‐minute task involving resistance to distraction was used as the depletion experience. Before each trial, participants selected task difficulty level. Control group students began by working at a moderate difficulty level and then progressed to work on more difficult items. Ego‐depleted students chose to work on easy problems throughout. Ego depletion did not markedly affect error rate after the first trial. Depletion effects can be evident in students’ academic application through encouraging students to undertake easier options. 相似文献
14.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2003,39(4-5):415-436
Achievement goal theory suggests that the motivational processes operating in achievement settings such as PE are dependent on the achievement goals manifested in that setting. In this paper, research is reviewed examining the motivation-related correlates of task and ego (approach) goal orientations in physical education, namely (a) achievement-related beliefs (i.e., beliefs about the causes of success in and the purposes of PE, beliefs about the nature of physical ability), (b) affective responses (e.g., enjoyment), (c) self-determination (i.e., PE students’ level of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation), (d) behavioral strategies and skill development, and (e) level of physical activity engagement. 相似文献
15.
Einar M. Skaalvik Harald Valåns Olav Sletta 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(3-4):231-243
Relations between academic achievement, self‐perceptions, task involvement and defensive ego involvement (self‐presentation concerns) were explored among 349 sixth grade and 350 ninth grade Norwegian students. Task involvement was defined as general interest in working with school subjects, whereas defensive ego involvement was defined as students’ preoccupation with the impression they make on their classmates emphasizing the concern of not looking stupid. The results showed that task involvement and defensive ego involvement are independent but correlated motivational states. The concepts are negatively, but weakly correlated and are affected by different processes. Task involvement was affected directly by academic self‐concept, whereas defensive ego involvement was strongly associated with self‐esteem and was affected indirectly by academic self‐concept through self‐esteem. 相似文献
16.
《学习科学杂志》2013,22(1):95-134
Telling stories is an effective way to teach aspects of nearly every task and domain. However, to be effectively remembered, a story must be told in a context that enables the hearer to index it functionally in memory. This occurs naturally when stories are told to students while they are attempting to perform the task being taught. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to engage students in a task while teaching it, so some other context must be found that facilitates appropriate indexing. We argue that this context occurs naturally in a teaching dialog, called an Aesopic dialog, in which the student asks questions and the expert answers with stories. In this dialog, the coherence of the conversation itself provides a context that enables the stories to be usefully incorporated into the student's memory. The widespread application of teaching through Aesopic dialogs requires overcoming the hurdle that experts are scarce and access to them is limited. Our solution to this problem is to broaden access to expert stories through the development of hypermedia systems designed to provide an interaction that emulates, as much as possible, the cognitively relevant aspects of an Aesopic dialog with an expert. We have constructed a number of such story-based teachers, called ASK systems, in domains as diverse as trust bank consulting, Presidential decision-making, and the determinants of a nation's industrial success in global markets. 相似文献
17.
李晓文 《安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2012,(2):133-140
在社会变迁背景下走出德育困境,需要研究作为价值主体的学生的发展规律,藉个体的"为我性"引导他们实现"自我超越"与主体性两个向度的统一。学生的自我取向是价值发展的内在动力,学生的成长以自我同一性探索为基调,在变化的学校环境中不断选择和表现其自我定位。学生的发展具有年级特点,呈现规律性的变化。引导学生组织起来,开发潜能创造学校文化,在学校文化建设中顺势催化学生的人格发展。这是学校价值教育的主要途径。 相似文献
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19.
Little research has been conducted to differentiate between multiple, and frequently simultaneously available, discrete object foci in academic achievement situations that emotions can be generated from, including technology and academic topics. Using R. Pekrun’s control-value theory of achievement emotions and Sharples and colleagues’ Mobile Learning Theory, we examined whether appraisals of control over technology and task value predicted emotions directed toward using a mobile app (technology-related emotions) and queer history content (topic emotions). In turn, we examined whether technology-related and topic emotions predicted objective and subjective knowledge outcomes. The main results of this study that examined 57 undergraduate students at a Canadian University were the following: (1) Learners reported high mean levels of technological control over the app. (2) Relatively high mean levels of task value. (3) High mean levels of enjoyment and low mean levels of boredom across both technology-related and topic emotions. (4) Learners’ appraisals of task value contributed to multiple regression models that statistically significantly predicted all emotions; appraisals of control over technology contributed to the multiple regression model (along with task value) that statistically significantly predicted technology-related enjoyment. And (5) technology-related enjoyment and topic boredom contributed to multiple regression models that statistically significantly predicted perceived success of learning. Findings and implications are discussed from a critical-analytical perspective. 相似文献
20.
Temperament and personality have been presumed to affect achievement goals based on the hierarchical model of achievement motivation. This research investigated the relationships of temperament dimensions and the Big Five personality traits to achievement goals based on the 2 × 2 achievement goal framework among 775 Chinese adolescent students. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 2 × 2 framework could be generalised to the Chinese context. Six of the nine temperament dimensions (e.g. activity level – general, flexibility–rigidity, and task orientation) significantly predicted mastery‐approach, mastery‐avoidance, performance‐approach and performance‐avoidance goals. Neuroticism, extroversion and conscientiousness significantly predicted all the above‐mentioned four achievement goals; openness and agreeableness significantly predicted the mastery‐orientated and performance‐oriented achievement goals, respectively. Compared with temperament, personality was the stronger predictor for achievement goals. These results supported the posited relationship of ‘hard‐wiring’ variables to achievement goals in the conceptual model of achievement motivation. 相似文献