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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):295-306
AbstractA characterization method was designed to improve understanding of ancient mortars used in the land walls of Istanbul, Turkey. The mortars had hydraulic properties where slaked lime was the binder and crushed brick was the aggregate. For characterization purposes simple chemical and petrographic analyses may be sufficient. However, further scientific research based on instrumental analysis is needed for an understanding of ancient lime technologies, provenance of the materials and deterioration processes. Besides simple chemical and petrographic analysis, this paper describes the differential thermal analysis (DTA), inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and mercury intrusion tests that were conducted to evaluate the binders and aggregates of the samples. Their physical and mechanical properties were also determined, and salt decay is discussed. It was seen that limestone chips and river sand were used as aggregates, in addition to crushed brick. The brick dust served as an artificial pozzolanic additive. Salt decay originated from sea spray and air pollution. 相似文献
2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):224-230
AbstractCrystallization of sulphates in the form of gypsum and mirabilite/thenardite is one of the main causes of the accelerated disintegration of historic frescoes. The sulphur, which is necessary for these processes, may originate from a large number of different sources. Although the nature and velocity of the processes causing the damage, as well as the possible transport pathways of the saltforming ions, can be determined with reasonable accuracy, reliable information on the origin of the ions is seldom forthcoming. Sulphur isotope ratios were determined for various construction materials and salts from the church at Eilsum (Lower Saxony, Germany) where the romanesque frescoes have suffered serious damage. The studies showed clearly that sulphate on the walls inside the church, in contrast to that on the outside walls, originates mainly from the ground beneath the church from where capillary rise takes place within the walls. This information on sources and pathways of saltforming ions may contribute towards developing a programme of remedial measures. 相似文献
3.
《Communication Teacher》2013,27(2):71-76
Objectives: After completing this project, students will be able to: (a) use health communication research and theory to create educational materials; (b) analyze an audience and develop creative educational materials based on audience characteristics; and (c) consult with key constituents during the development of educational materials Courses: Health Communication; Gender and Health Communication; Senior Capstone 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTConservation of wooden objects exposed outdoors is extremely difficult and complex due to their constant exposure to fluctuating weather conditions and biological degradation. Filling the gaps in such objects requires the use of specific materials that in particular can adapt to changes in wood dimensions in response to humidity variations. Various materials have been used so far for filling voids in wooden artefacts but none of them was entirely suitable. Therefore, the authors have attempted to provide the basic characteristics of the selected commonly used filling materials based on pine wood powder or glass microballoons as fillers and Paraloid® B-72, Klucel® G, or glutin glue as binders, as the first step in research aiming at developing new and more appropriate gap-fillers. Special attention was paid to the dimensional stability of filling materials upon drying and exposure to water vapour and liquid water. The overall results indicate that among the examined fills those consisting of Paraloid® B-72 and glass microballoons revealed best properties as they were relatively dimensionally stable upon drying and exposure to moisture – despite high absorption of water – and were quite easy to finish. Generally, better properties were observed for filling materials containing higher concentrations of adhesives and these materials will be modified in the next step of the research. Since the main drawbacks of the examined gap-fillers were low water resistance, poor dimensional stability upon drying or exposure to water vapour or liquid water, and fragility or friability, future research into their modification will head towards improvement of the above-mentioned properties. 相似文献
5.
《资料收集管理》2013,38(4):47-58
Abstract Almost fifty years ago, when the organization that now is the Center for Research Libraries (CRL) was founded, university and research libraries were facing issues similar to those challenging them today: lack of space in libraries to shelve growing collections; new library materials formats to absorb into acquisitions budgets; more or more expensive research materials to which patrons needed access. In 1949, higher education looked for solutions in cooperative programs. CRL evolved as a unique endeavor-a program for cooperative collection development and a library that acquires and makes available essential research materials. CRL has endured because of its members' commitment, the gradual building of a unique, centralized library collection, and the organization's capacity to serve as a coordinator for cooperative decisions and implementation of programs. These strengths will support CRL into the future. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTClothesmoths catch data fromhistoric properties confirms numbers are on the increase in England. Citizen science research was conducted using Tineola bisselliella pheromone traps handed out from English Heritage properties from April to September 2017. One hundred and ninety-two participants recorded moth counts from residential properties in 42 counties in England. Using an average number of moths per trap, geographical spread indicates higher numbers in warmer southern counties of England. Pale-backed clothes moths Monopis crocicapitella were caught in significant numbers suggesting a new insect pest risk for historic house collections. Threshold numbers for clothes moths that could indicate an active infestation are proposed. Residential flats appear to be more vulnerable to clothes moth activity possibly related to the shared walls or spaces. The research was launched using a public relations campaign called ‘Operation Clothes Moth’ which generated major media activity across the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines. Public awareness of insect pest management, preventive conservation and the work of conservators and conservation scientists was significantly increased. 相似文献
7.
《Public Library Quarterly》2013,32(3-4):77-98
ABSTRACT Even in the face of widespread domestic use of electronic materials, books within public libraries remain an important source of information for many youngsters. This paper draws on the results of a qualitative English study broadly concerned with young people's information behavior to explore how youngsters locate non-fiction books within such libraries. One of several approaches was taken. Familiar with the placement of materials on the subject of the need, some went directly to the appropriate part of the collection. Others did not know the position of the desired section and combed the shelves randomly, consulted labels on the shelves/walls, sought help from staff or exploited the subject index. Most users wanted information on a certain topic, not a particular item. There were high levels of ignorance of both library terminology and the arrangement of books within the building. The article concludes by making recommendations for both practice and future research, based on the investigation's findings. 相似文献
8.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):71-81
AbstractAlgal and cyanobacterial growth occurring on the plaster-covered interior walls of the church of St Stephanus at Pilsum (northern Germany) has been studied. A Mobile Ultra Violet Unit (MUVU) has been successfully applied to the church walls in order to control growth of photosynthetic organisms. The killing effect of the UV-light on the flora has been demonstrated by the following methods: (1) infrared photography, (2) quantitative chlorophyll determinations, (3) transmitted light microscopy, (4) scanning electron microscopy and (5) plate counts. It was demonstrated that the MUVU method is efficient and cheap. The construction and operation of the MUVU is easy. Assessment of the efficiency of the process can be carried out without complicated chemical or biological analyses, by using IR-photography. 相似文献
9.
《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2023,49(6):102650
IntroductionA reverse diversity audit is a newly coined method which involves creating an authoritative list of materials and then checking for the presence of the list items in a collection. The method combines list-checking and diversity audit steps and is intended to assess diversity in a specific topic area. We formalized and applied a reverse diversity audit to examine the diversity of dermatology resources in an academic health sciences library.Case presentationThe reverse diversity audit involved four steps: (1) determining the scope, (2) identifying the authoritative list, (3) checking the existing collection, and (4) identifying the gaps. From these investigations, 55 items were identified as important resources for a diverse dermatology collection. 43 of these items were available through our library system or as open access. The remaining items were marked for purchase.ConclusionsThe reverse diversity audit proved to be an organized and feasible way to assess diversity in our dermatology collection. This type of audit can be adapted for different topics and areas of diversity. We suggest that this approach may be useful for other libraries looking to assess diversity in their collections. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Sandstone is a common sedimentary rock that is easily carved due to its weakly cemented fine grains and relatively low strength. Therefore, numerous large-scale grottoes in China are made of sandstone. However, these sandstone cultural heritage structures are often seriously damaged due to temperature and humidity changes, air pollution, biodeterioration, and repeated dissolution and crystallization of soluble salts. In general, it is imperative that a consolidant capable of providing cohesion by infilling pores between the stone grains is synthesized. In recent years, it has been reported that using organic consolidation materials for sandstone protection comes with various negative effects, such as a short lifetime, poor compatibility, and preservation damage. Using inorganic consolidation materials to protect sandstone seems to be one of the research trends for the future. Herein, this paper introduces a permeable, inorganic magnesium-based material (MMH solution) for silica sand consolidation. To assess this consolidant, the paper investigates the influence of varying molar ratios of MgO:MgCl2·6H2O:H2O on properties such as penetration depth, consolidation weight, colour variation, and compressive strength. The results demonstrate that the molar ratios of MgO:MgCl2·6H2O:H2O can significantly affect the consolidation performance. Additionally, it is believed that the MMH solution of MgO:MgCl2·6H2O:H2O?=?5:1:16 can be successfully used for the consolidation of silica sand, as the cubic specimens’ surface micrographs show good compatibility between the consolidation product and sand grains. Experiments (i.e. weight loss rate and mineralogical compositions analysis) are performed to evaluate the cubic specimens’ water resistance properties after being immersed in water. Furthermore, the consolidation material’s failure mechanism as a self-sacrificing material is preliminarily analyzed. Results indicate that MMH solution is a promising conservation material that shows great potential for consolidating severely weathered sandstone. 相似文献
11.
Brandon Patterson Lauren Clark Ana C. Sanchez-Birkhead Liliana I. Martinez Marlene J. Egger 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(4):667
Background:Few electronic resources are available for new mothers with concerns about changes in their pelvic floor following childbirth. Patients may struggle when seeking authoritative information regarding pelvic floor conditions online given the sensitivity of the topic as well as the inadvertent connection to obscene or demeaning content found online. A health sciences librarian partnered with the Motherhood and Pelvic Health Study, an interdisciplinary research group, to provide expert searching skills for a particularly challenging health condition that patients struggle to find useful information on.Case Presentation:A custom rubric was developed to evaluate existing information products, which included criteria for cultural sensitivity, conflicts of interest, and other red flags. This evaluation process enabled the research team to identify top-tier evidence-based materials that were culturally congruent. This collaborative evaluation process led to the creation of a web-based toolkit resource for new mothers concerned about changes in their pelvic floor. The toolkit connects women to pertinent information on a national health organization''s patient portal, supplemented by videos created by the team to serve as models of communication for women and health care providers.Conclusion:When developing a web-based resource, health sciences libraries can partner with research teams to find, evaluate, and disseminate information. Culturally congruent toolkits such as this one can improve access to health information and lead to improved health outcomes. To ensure that the information highlighted in toolkits is both culturally congruent and authoritative, research teams should form advisory committees and partner with relevant professional medical associations. 相似文献
12.
Sa'ad Laws 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(4):618
Objectives:Within many institutions, there are debates over whether medical librarians should be classified as faculty or professional staff, a distinction that may have considerable effect on the perception of librarians within their local institutions. This study is a pilot exploration of how faculty status may affect the professional experiences of academic medical librarians within their local institutions.Methods:Surveys were sent to 209 medical librarians listed as having some instructional function at Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) accredited medical institutions in the United States. Survey responses were captured using Qualtrics survey tool and analyzed for frequencies and associations using SPSS version 27.Results:Sixty-four medical librarians at academic medical institutions completed the survey developed for this study. Of the respondents, 60.9% indicated that librarians at their institution have faculty status, while 71.9% believe that librarians at their institution should have faculty status. Ninety percent of librarians with faculty status reported that they are expected to generate scholarly materials, compared to 28% of those without faculty status.Conclusions:Many medical libraries offer faculty status to librarians. While many medical librarians are active in instruction, research, and other activities normally associated with faculty status, it is not clear if faculty status impacts how librarians are perceived by other health care workers within their institutions. 相似文献
13.
Objectives:Academic health sciences librarians sought to evaluate the efficacy and future of the Health Information Specialists Program, a five-year consumer health information outreach collaboration with public libraries across the state.Methods:Five focus groups were held with participants from all five years of the program. Thirty-four participants from the program attended. Facilitators used structured interview guides consisting of eleven questions regarding the impact of the collaboration on participants'' abilities to connect themselves or others to health information; the usefulness of materials or knowledge gained and its applications; any consumer health outreach projects that arose from the program; and suggestions for future topics, formats, or modifications. Data was hand-coded and analyzed using the framework analysis methodology for qualitative research.Results:Participants reported feeling improved confidence and comfort in providing health information services to their patrons. Numerous instances of knowledge transfer—in their personal lives, with their colleagues, and for their patrons—were described. Participants reported improved abilities to both find and evaluate consumer health information, and many adapted class materials for their own programming or teaching. Suggestions were provided for future class topics as well as a program website.Conclusion:Based on data from the five focus groups, the Health Information Specialists Program has positively impacted participants in a number of ways. Primary among these were self-reported improvement in both health information retrieval skills and the ability to evaluate the reliability of health information online, as well as in the confidence to help patrons with their health information needs. 相似文献
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15.
《Journal Of Archival Organization》2013,11(1):37-49
ABSTRACT As more archival metadata and archival records become available online, providing effective interfaces to those materials is increasingly important to give users access. This article describes five approaches from the hypertext and visualization research communities which can be used to improve such access: (1) navigating hierarchical structures, (2) illustrating networks of relationships, (3) viewing organizational processes, (4) using time and space as organizing structures, and (5) spatializing arguments and discussions. This article addresses particular challenges in applying these visualization techniques to archival records and considers novel challenges introduced by them for both archival organization and for visualization research. 相似文献
16.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):299-314
AbstractInstrumental-based color matching using non-destructive reflection spectrophotometry can be used as an aid in pigment selection for inpainting. This is useful when metamerism is of concern, particularly in modern art where the number of colorants available to artists and conservators is quite large. Simplified methods have been developed for art conservation where a single tint of each pigment mixed with white is required to define a pigment's optical properties based on the single-constant form of Kubelka-Munk (K-M) turbid media theory. Theoretically, this simplification can lead to errors in pigment selection for dark colors and colors not containing a white pigment. Instead, the two-constant form of K-M theory can be used where the model assumptions more closely match the optics of inpainting materials. The two methods were compared using four acrylic emulsion paints with a range of pigment absorption and scattering properties. It was found that the simplified method was inadequate for paints with appreciable and spectrally selective scattering, and as a consequence, pigment selection may result in a greater number of pigments than actually required. It was also found that only two samples per pigment were required to implement the two-constant technique: the mass tone and a tint. 相似文献
17.
Amy E. Rustic 《Communication Teacher》2018,32(4):243-248
Courses: This semester-long collaboration occurs in an introductory public-speaking course, but could be applied to other communication courses that emphasize research and information literacy skills.
Objectives: This semester-long collaboration between a communication professor and campus librarian is designed to increase the information literacy and research skills of students in the introductory speech course. Upon completion of the course, students will demonstrate their ability to: locate, assess, and effectively use a variety of credible supporting materials in their presentations; effectively assess the credibility of supporting materials used in classmates’ speeches; and make full use of library resources. 相似文献
18.
《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(3-4):119-141
ABSTRACT The author discusses the practical nature of Internet legal research by providing examples of actual research problems solved on the Internet and by providing a selective listing of Internet legal resources for judicial materials, federal legislative and administrative materials, and state materials. 相似文献
19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):123-138
AbstractBurned or cremated sub-fossil bone material is normally handled and treated as unburned bones, although knowledge of physical and chemical properties of bones heated to different temperature levels is limited. Therefore, bones of modern roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were heated at temperatures ranging from 100 to 1000°C and then exposed to pH 3, 5 and 10. Bone samples from each temperature level were studied, and deterioration was evaluated using weight and hardness measurements. A new method for hardness testing of inhomogeneous materials was used. Significant high weight losses were observed for bone samples heated at 200°C at all three pH values investigated. These were related to the denaturation temperature of bone collagen at 155°C. Regardless of acidity treatment, very low hardnesses (much lower than for unheated bone) were observed for bone samples heated at 400–900°C. At 1000°C increased hardnesses were observed. This has implications for the handling of burned bones. Finally, it is suggested that reported discrepancies in the composition of calcined bone at different burning temperatures may be related to the Ca:P ratio of the initial bone hydroxyapatite before burning. 相似文献
20.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):170-178
AbstractBy studying the mechanism of sulphation of silver-gilt objects in relation to the method used for gilding, its thickness and its appearance, it has been possible to develop a procedure for electrolytic treatment. The two-step treatment is carried out in a buffered solution of sodium nitrate and comprises cathodic reduction of the silver-based corrosion products followed by anodic dissolution of the reduced silver. The behaviour of the different materials is described, as well as certain limiting factors. 相似文献