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学校欺负及其社会生态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
张文新 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,5(5):97-103
学校欺负是一种较为常见的学校暴力形式且具有跨文化的普遍性。首先简要介绍了我国中小学欺负问题的基本特点。然后从社会生态学的视角阐述欺负者与受欺负者的个体特点,欺负／受欺负与儿童的同伴群体、家庭和学校等社会生态系统的联系,指出今后学校欺负问题的研究应立足于儿童青少年生活于其中的社会生态系统,在理论构想与研究设计上要充分考虑个体与其社会生态系统之间的相互作用和联系。 相似文献
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同伴关系与学业投入的研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
梳理有关学生同伴关系与学业投入之间关系的研究文献,概述同伴友谊、同伴接纳或拒绝、同伴欺负这三种类型的同伴关系对学业投入的影响研究情况,指出未来需要深入探讨的研究内容,并建议教育实践中应重视青少年的同伴关系及交往能力的培养。 相似文献
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同伴群体是儿童发展的重要情境。学校中的同伴群体构成及其对于儿童发展的影响,长期以来是教育学、社会学、经济学和心理学共同探讨的一个研究主题。从20世纪60年代起,研究者最初着眼于学校的同伴群体构成对儿童学业成就的影响,后逐渐扩展到儿童社会性发展领域。研究发现,同伴群体构成有多种指标,同伴群体的社会经济地位、种群构成、学习能力,以及同伴群体在某些情绪行为上的特征都会影响儿童个体的发展,不同同伴群体构成指标在影响儿童发展的方向、大小上存在差异,同时又受到儿童自身背景特征(种族、家庭背景、学业能力水平等)的调节而产生多样化的结果,反映出同伴群体构成本身的多样性和其效应的多元性和复杂性,也揭示了深入研究的必要性和前景。对于这种影响的内在机理,研究者从家庭背景与资源、学校环境与条件、教师观念与行为、同伴互动与文化等多个视角入手,提出了理论解释,但理论导向的实证研究仍很不足。在未来研究中,建议加强对多元环境中调节因素的综合考察、加强追踪研究、深入开展内部机制研究;同时加强我国关于同伴群体构成的本土化研究,弥补当前研究的空缺,回应我国学生群体构成复杂多样的现实,为优化学校生源配置和环境创设提供科学借鉴。 相似文献
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利用张文新修订的Olweus欺负问卷、陈欣银等人修订的儿童社会行为量表、社会提名法等对827名中小学生进行测查,考察中小学生受欺负的状况,及与其行为表现、同伴关系之间关系.结果发现:(1)总体而言,中小学生受欺负的发生率比较高,且相当稳定;(2)中小学生受欺负与同伴接纳显著负相关,与同伴拒绝显著正相关,即儿童受欺负频次越高,其同伴接纳越少,同伴拒绝越多;(3)在中小学中,儿童的社会行为在儿童受欺负对同伴关系的影响中起部分中介作用.受欺负频次通过社会行为中的攻击行为和羞怯-退缩行为间接地影响同伴关系. 相似文献
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利用张文新修订的Olweus欺负问卷、简版的Coopersmith自尊问卷,以及焦虑量表、孤独感量表、压抑量表对827名中小学生进行测查,考察中小学生欺负/受欺负的状况,及与其同伴关系、自尊、心理健康之间的关系。结果发现:(1)总体而言,中小学欺负的发生率比较高,且相当稳定;(2)卷入欺负的儿童,无论是欺负者、受欺负者还是欺负/受欺负者都比一般儿童存在更多的心理精神症状。(3)在中小学中,同伴关系在儿童欺负问题对其自尊和心理健康的影响中起部分中介作用。儿童受欺负通过同伴接纳和同伴拒绝间接地影响儿童的自尊和心理健康。 相似文献
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宋若飞 《中小学心理健康教育》2022,(6)
留守儿童是我国社会转型发展时期出现的特殊群体,其心理健康状况总体不容乐观。同伴关系在留守儿童的发展过程中起着重要的作用,同伴接纳对儿童的发展发挥着积极作用,而同伴拒绝、同伴侵害会导致留守儿童出现心理扭曲、学业危机、品德不良等问题。综合历年来中小学留守儿童同伴关系的研究,从不同的角度探讨了同伴关系对留守儿童的影响并提出了教育建议。 相似文献
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为了深化对同伴效应研究中内生性问题的认识,本文利用北京市三所初中的学生追踪调查数据对同伴关系的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究发现学生个体特征是影响同伴群体规模、良好同伴关系和同伴群体位置的主要原因,父母对孩子的关心与教育期望亦有显著影响,而学生家庭社会经济背景作用微弱且不显著.本文将同伴关系性质、自我效能、父母关心与期望等新变量引入教育经济学对同伴效应的研究中,扩展了分析视角. 相似文献
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In this article, the authors first discuss the nature of peer support and some of the ways in which it has evolved over time, particularly in the UK. Under the umbrella of peer support they include activities such as befriending, peer counselling, conflict resolution or mediation and intervening in bullying situations. Secondly, they describe research studies of peer support and discuss their relevance to bystander behaviour. Thirdly, they draw some conclusions that relate to the wider context of the developing role of peer support in schools today. These include the benefits to peer supporters and the key processes of flexible monitoring and clear observation of the needs of the potential users. 相似文献
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《Pastoral Care in Education》2013,31(2):40-44
In this article, the authors first discuss the nature of peer support and some of the ways in which it has evolved over time, particularly in the UK. Under the umbrella of peer support they include activities such as befriending, peer counselling, conflict resolution or mediation and intervening in bullying situations. Secondly, they describe research studies of peer support and discuss their relevance to bystander behaviour. Thirdly, they draw some conclusions that relate to the wider context of the developing role of peer support in schools today. These include the benefits to peer supporters and the key processes of flexible monitoring and clear observation of the needs of the potential users. 相似文献
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Mai Beilmann 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(8):1139-1151
Although it is arguably a fundamental democratic or human right of a child to feel safe at school, many children and adolescents have to face peer victimisation in schools on a daily basis, and occasionally through several levels of education. Long-term victimisation may have detrimental consequences for the victim, including a negative effect on educational attainment. This study provides an insight into the lives of five young people who have dropped out or are at risk of dropping out from Estonian vocational schools because of peer victimisation. The study is based on in-depth face-to-face personal interviews. Four superordinate themes with associated subthemes are addressed: ‘experience of victimisation’, ‘social context’, ‘lack of support’, and ‘quitting as a survival strategy’. The stories of the bullying victims reveal how the victimisation has shaped them and their educational pathways by compelling them to discontinue their vocational training. 相似文献
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Norah Frederickson Elizabeth Simmonds Lynda Evans Chris Soulsby 《British Journal of Special Education》2007,34(2):105-115
The systematic assessment of the social and affective outcomes of inclusion has been lagging behind the assessment of academic outcomes. This is particularly problematic in view of research evidence supporting concerns about peer rejection and bullying. In this article, Norah Frederickson and Elizabeth Simmonds, of University College London, and Lynda Evans and Chris Soulsby, from Foxwood Special School, report their evaluation of the social and affective outcomes of a special- mainstream school inclusion initiative that places particular emphasis on peer preparation. Measures completed by pupils were used to assess peer group inclusion, social behaviour, bullying and feelings of belonging at school. Results showed that pupils who had transferred from special to mainstream schools experienced positive social outcomes and none experienced peer group rejection. However, results were less positive for mainstream pupils with special educational needs and the authors discuss possibilities for development. Trends in peer reports of bullying suggest that there is no room for complacency and that ongoing monitoring is required. 相似文献
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The research reported in this article was carried out in four secondary schools, two with a peer support system (PS) and two without (NPS) and involved a total of 931 pupils, (49.5 per cent males, and 50.5 per cent females). Participants were aged between 11 and 15 years of age, mean age 12.8 years. The aim was to compare the perceptions of safety on the part of pupils in secondary schools with and without a system of peer support in place. The findings provided little evidence that the presence of a peer support system enhanced feelings of safety in the school population. On the positive side, PS pupils were slightly more aware of the value of having other people around as a means of enhancing feelings of safety. They were also less afraid of older pupils indicating that peer supporters may have influenced the attitudes of some older pupils towards younger peers and may have made them friendlier. However; for the PS pupils, toilets and corridors/stairs were less safe for them than for NPS pupils, largely because of the unpleasant actions of the peer group towards them. With specific regard to bullying, there was no difference between PS and NPS. Around one‐fifth of both PS and NPS pupils reported that the reason for feeling unsafe was because of bullying. The most common suggestions for making school a better place referred to action against bullying. 相似文献
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Trude Havik 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2017,28(3):350-373
This study investigated bullying victims’ perceptions of their teachers’ support and monitoring when controlling for level of mental health problems, peer relationships, gender, and grade level. Given the nested structure of the data, multilevel analyses were employed to examine these associations. The quality of classroom interaction is highly relevant for bullying prevention and intervention. A survey was administered to 1,571 fifth- to 10th-grade students in 10 schools. The findings revealed that bully victimization was significantly associated with weak teacher instructional support, but no significant association was observed between bully victimization and teachers’ emotional support or monitoring. These associations were negative when peer relationships were not controlled for because victims reported teacher support and monitoring issues less frequently than non-victims. The findings underscore the importance of classroom interaction and peer relationships for bullying prevention and intervention and the need to create positive relationships between teachers and students and among students in the classroom. 相似文献
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Children who are abused at home are at an increased risk of bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. Within that context, the purpose of the present study was to test Agnew’s general strain theory and the peer deviancy training hypothesis by utilizing structural equation modeling to empirically examine pathways linking punitive parenting to bullying perpetration and bullying victimization. This study adds to the literature in two important ways. First, potential mediating linkages between punitive parenting and bullying perpetration and bullying victimization were examined, including socially withdrawn behavior and deviant peer affiliation. Second, these relationships were considered in a longitudinal sample of South Korean adolescents, which is a novel examination given that parenting in South Korea is guided largely by Confucianism which reinforces parental control, restrictiveness, and a punitive nature. Results indicate that: (1) punitive parenting is directly related to bullying perpetration but not bullying victimization; (2) punitive parenting was found to have indirect effects only on bullying perpetration; (3) deviant peer affiliation increased the likelihood of bullying perpetration and victimization; and (4) socially withdrawn behavior only affected bullying perpetration via its effect on deviant peer affiliation. 相似文献
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Drawing from social–ecological systems theory, the authors argue that -current research on childhood bullying would benefit from analyses that consider the -mesosystem—specifically, how teacher–student relationships can influence -children's bullying experiences. The authors provide two theoretical conceptions for how children's peer interactions are implicitly shaped by teacher–student relationship quality: attachment and social referral. Implications for practice, with an emphasis on developing teachers' social–emotional competencies to strengthen positive teacher–student relationships, are proposed. 相似文献
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AbstractPeer assessment has proven to have positive learning outcomes. Importantly, peer assessment is a social process and some claim that the use of anonymity might have advantages. However, the findings have not always been in the same direction. Our aims were: (a) to review the effects of using anonymity in peer assessment on performance, peer feedback content, peer grading accuracy, social effects and students’ perspective on peer assessment; and (b) to investigate the effects of four moderating variables (educational level, peer grading, assessment aids, direction of anonymity) in relation to anonymity. A literature search was conducted including five different terms related to peer assessment (e.g., peer feedback) and anonymity. Fourteen studies that used a control group or a within group design were found. The narrative review revealed that anonymous peer assessment seems to provide advantages for students’ perceptions about the learning value of peer assessment, delivering more critical peer feedback, increased self-perceived social effects, a slight tendency for more performance, especially in higher education and with less peer assessment aids. Some conclusions are that: (a) when implementing anonymity in peer assessment the instructional context and goals need to be considered, (b) existent empirical research is still limited, and (c) future research should employ stronger and more complex research designs. 相似文献