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吴之声 《湖南科技学院学报》2013,(6):85-87
“国家”是政治学说研究不可回避的论域,霍布斯曾因为《利维坦》建立了一个拥有绝对权力和主权者至上的国家而引发人们对个人与国家、自由与权威、民主与专制的关注与论争。从霍布斯“利维坦”的人性恶与苦难自然状态的逻辑预设出发,一方面在对“个人”进行界定的基础上对“利维坦”国家权力的至高性与广泛性,也即霍布斯绝对国家权力进行分析,另一方面以人们建立国家的目的为基础,对人们在“利维坦”中的自由与国家法律对主权者权力的设限,也即霍布斯相对国家权力进行探讨,以期对饱受诟病的“利维坦”作浅显的辨解。 相似文献
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霍布斯是现代政治哲学的开创者。自然状态理论是霍布斯研究绕不开的话题。一方面,自然状态上承霍布斯的自然哲学下启政治理论,是其庞大哲学架构的中坚一环。另一方面,对于霍布斯的自然状态的解释还存在诸多的误解与争议。自然状态发自霍布斯对日常生活中人性的观察,进而悬置共同权力后所进行的哲学推演。自然状态下的人并非“原始人”而是沉浸于物质享受的社会人。自然状态的基本特征在于自由与战争。而战争的原因表面上是共同权力的缺失,实然归咎于秩序掩盖下的骄纵人性。 相似文献
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朱祥海 《山西大学师范学院学报》2014,(5):34-36
自由主义以绝对的个人主义为理论前提,忽略了个人的政治义务和公共责任,导致社会公共精神的匮乏。霍布斯以＂利维坦＂的国家象征阐释了个人的政治义务与自由的辩证关系,对于校正极端个人主义自由观具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
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卓玛 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,(1):100-104
本文通过比较卡夫卡的孤独三部曲与扎西达娃虚幻三部曲的自由意志,概括出作品中为了人类的尊严而进行不懈的自由追寻的相似性,同时,又从绝对非理性自由观和相对理性自由观进行相异性的探寻。究其原因,则从类的自由天性的相似,专制下无自由和民主下有自由的相异性进行论述,进而彰显了卡夫卡追求精神上的绝对自由和扎西达娃追求文明现实下理性自由的永恒冲动。 相似文献
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拉里维埃是法国重农学派政治思想的主要阐述者。他构建了"自然秩序"理论,表述了以财产权为基础的自由观和以交换为基础的平等观,反对了等级社会中的特权制度,捍卫了个人的自然权利。在此基础上,他提出了"合法专制"理论,将君权认定为一种源自社会契约的监护权力。在这一理论中,君主掌握立法权和执行权,司法权另置,同时有一套从地方到中央的议会体系。此外,司法官员和公共舆论也是约束王权的重要力量。从实践上,"合法专制"和绝对君主制时代的政治实践具有连续性,即保守性;但从目的上,它对捍卫个人自由和平等而言具有激进性。 相似文献
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刘月岭 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2011,40(3):24-29
在康德道德形而上学及实践理性批判中,关于意志的设定是理解绝对命令及其自由观的基础。理性向意志发布绝对命令,意志从而获得自由,绝对命令是人认识到自由并走向自由的桥梁。自由是意志固有的性质,但意志也受自然因果性的影响。当意志获得对自然因果性的独立性以及超越自然因果性之时,就达到了自由状态。 相似文献
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洛克和霍布斯自由观的理论基石都是自然法和社会契约论,但是他们却对此做出了迥然不同的解释.主要表现在自然状态、自然法、社会契约论、国家政治形式等四个方面.本文从社会契约论的角度试着对洛克与霍布斯的政治思想进行比较,并且追溯其差异与时代背景,找出导致二者存在异同的本质原因. 相似文献
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路一 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2013,(6):27+33
布丹、霍布斯、卢梭等人的主权理论只承认单一的最高权力,一个没有限制边界的主权权威,这在事实上构成对所谓臣民或公民的绝对统治权威,它本质上是专制主义。复合共和制对于权威的设计体现了一种分立、制约权威状态,摧毁了主权单一、无上的神话,使得自由和社会基本正义可以获得政治、法律上的最大的保障。 相似文献
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何为"自然状态",对此,霍布斯和洛克有着截然不同的认识.霍布斯认为人"性本恶",人与人的关系始终处于战争状态.结束这种状态的唯一出路是建立强大无比的公共权威"利维坦".洛克则认为人"性本善",人类生活的"自然状态"是自由、平等、和平、美好和互助的有序状态.霍布斯把国际关系的无政府状态类比为人类的"自然状态",为研究国际关系的后来者提供了至今都无法超越的理论前提.两住先哲对人性和"自然状态"的不同认识,被当代国际关系理论家所借鉴和发展,产生了理论基点完全不同的国际关系理论.由此衍生出了国际关系学的两大学派——现实主义和理性主义. 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help? 相似文献
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罗艳萍 《读与写:教育教学刊》2008,5(6)
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity. 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love. 相似文献
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Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject. 相似文献
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Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities. 相似文献
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RUZBEHANI Mohsen 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):20-25
1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec… 相似文献
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Richard Denner 《海外英语》2007,(4):14-15
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose. 相似文献