共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Wooyeol Lee 《教育实用测度》2017,30(2):129-146
Utilizing a longitudinal item response model, this study investigated the effect of item parameter drift (IPD) on item parameters and person scores via a Monte Carlo study. Item parameter recovery was investigated for various IPD patterns in terms of bias and root mean-square error (RMSE), and percentage of time the 95% confidence interval covered the true parameter. The simulation results suggest that item parameters were not recovered well when IPD was ignored, especially if there was a larger number of IPD conditions. In addition, coverage was not accurate in all IPD conditions when IPD is ignored. Also, the results suggest that the accuracy of person scores (measured by bias) is potentially problematic when the larger number of IPD items is ignored. However, the overall accuracy (measured by RMSE) and coverage were unexpectedly acceptable in the presence of IPD as defined in this study. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate two procedures flagging consequential item parameter drift (IPD) in an operational testing program. The first procedure was based on flagging items that exhibit a meaningful magnitude of IPD using a critical value that was defined to represent barely tolerable IPD. The second procedure was based on flagging items in which the D2 statistic was more than two standard deviations from the mean. Both procedures were implemented using an iterative purification approach to detect IPD. A simulation study was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of both detection procedures in flagging non-negligible IPD. Both procedures were able to identify IPD and the iterative purification method provided useful information regarding the consequences of excluding or including a flagged item. The advantages and disadvantages of both procedures as well as possible modifications intended to improve the procedures’ effectiveness are discussed in the article. 相似文献
3.
Studies of differential item functioning under item response theory require that item parameter estimates be placed on the same metric before comparisons can be made. The present study compared the effects of three methods for linking metrics: a weighted mean and sigma method (WMS); the test characteristic curve method (TCC); and the minimum chi-square method (MCS), on detection of differential item functioning. Both iterative and noniterative linking procedures were compared for each method. Results indicated that detection of differentially functioning items following linking via the test characteristic curve method gave the most accurate results when the sample size was small. When the sample size was large, results for the three linking methods were essentially the same. Iterative linking provided an improvement in detection of differentially functioning items over noniterative linking particularly with the .05 alpha level. The weighted mean and sigma method showed greater improvement with iterative linking than either the test characteristic curve or minimum chi-square method. 相似文献
4.
Wim J. van der Linden 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2010,47(1):92-114
Although response times on test items are recorded on a natural scale, the scale for some of the parameters in the lognormal response-time model ( van der Linden, 2006 ) is not fixed. As a result, when the model is used to periodically calibrate new items in a testing program, the parameter are not automatically mapped onto a common scale. Several combinations of linking designs and procedures for the lognormal model are examined that do map parameter estimates onto a common scale. For each of the designs, the standard error of linking is derived. The results are illustrated using examples with simulated data. 相似文献
5.
Jee-Seon Kim 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2006,43(3):193-213
Simulation and real data studies are used to investigate the value of modeling multiple-choice distractors on item response theory linking. Using the characteristic curve linking procedure for Bock's (1972) nominal response model presented by Kim and Hanson (2002) , all-category linking (i.e., a linking based on all category characteristic curves of the linking items) is compared against correct-only (CO) linking (i.e., linking based on the correct category characteristic curves only) using a common-item nonequivalent groups design. The CO linking is shown to represent an approximation to what occurs when using a traditional correct/incorrect item response model for linking. Results suggest that the number of linking items needed to achieve an equivalent level of linking precision declines substantially when incorporating the distractor categories. 相似文献
6.
HyeSun Lee 《教育实用测度》2018,31(1):51-67
The current simulation study examined the effects of Item Parameter Drift (IPD) occurring in a short scale on parameter estimates in multilevel models where scores from a scale were employed as a time-varying predictor to account for outcome scores. Five factors, including three decisions about IPD, were considered for simulation conditions. It was revealed that IPD occurring in a relatively shorter scale led to a substantial increase in the amount of relative bias in parameter estimates. The bias was more prominent in the estimates of level-2 time-varying predictors relative to those of level-1 time-varying predictors. Regarding the decisions about IPD, keeping items exhibiting IPD was more appropriate than removing them based on the results from relative bias of standard errors of estimates. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that removing items exhibiting IPD may lead to an increase of Type II errors due to the underestimation of parameter estimates and overestimation of standard errors. The applied example showed findings consistent with those in the simulation study. 相似文献
7.
Mark J. Gierl Dianne Henderson Michael Jodoin Don Klinger 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(3):261-279
In test development, item response theory (IRT) is a method to determine the amount of information that each item (i.e., item information function) and combination of items (i.e., test information function) provide in the estimation of an examinee's ability. Studies investigating the effects of item parameter estimation errors over a range of ability have demonstrated an overestimation of information when the most discriminating items are selected (i.e., item selection based on maximum information). In the present study, the authors examined the influence of item parameter estimation errors across 3 item selection methods—maximum no target, maximum target, and theta maximum—using the 2- and 3-parameter logistic IRT models. Tests created with the maximum no target and maximum target item selection procedures consistently overestimated the test information function. Conversely, tests created using the theta maximum item selection procedure yielded more consistent estimates of the test information function and, at times, underestimated the test information function. Implications for test development are discussed. 相似文献
8.
James A. Wollack Allan S. Cohen Craig S. Wells 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2003,40(4):307-330
Administering tests under time constraints may result in poorly estimated item parameters, particularly for items at the end of the test (Douglas, Kim, Habing, & Gao, 1998; Oshima, 1994). Bolt, Cohen, and Wollack (2002) developed an item response theory mixture model to identify a latent group of examinees for whom a test is overly speeded, and found that item parameter estimates for end-of-test items in the nonspeeded group were similar to estimates for those same items when administered earlier in the test. In this study, we used the Bolt et al. (2002) method to study the effect of removing speeded examinees on the stability of a score scale over an II-year period. Results indicated that using only the nonspeeded examinees for equating and estimating item parameters provided a more unidimensional scale, smaller effects of item parameter drift (including fewer drifting items), and less scale drift (i.e., bias) and variability (i.e., root mean squared errors) when compared to the total group of examinees. 相似文献
9.
Nilufer Kahraman 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2013,50(2):227-246
This article considers potential problems that can arise in estimating a unidimensional item response theory (IRT) model when some test items are multidimensional (i.e., show a complex factorial structure). More specifically, this study examines (1) the consequences of model misfit on IRT item parameter estimates due to unintended minor item‐level multidimensionality, and (2) whether a Projection IRT model can provide a useful remedy. A real‐data example is used to illustrate the problem and also is used as a base model for a simulation study. The results suggest that ignoring item‐level multidimensionality might lead to inflated item discrimination parameter estimates when the proportion of multidimensional test items to unidimensional test items is as low as 1:5. The Projection IRT model appears to be a useful tool for updating unidimensional item parameter estimates of multidimensional test items for a purified unidimensional interpretation. 相似文献
10.
An important assumption of item response theory is item parameter invariance. Sometimes, however, item parameters are not invariant across different test administrations due to factors other than sampling error; this phenomenon is termed item parameter drift. Several methods have been developed to detect drifted items. However, most of the existing methods were designed to detect drifts in individual items, which may not be adequate for test characteristic curve–based linking or equating. One example is the item response theory–based true score equating, whose goal is to generate a conversion table to relate number‐correct scores on two forms based on their test characteristic curves. This article introduces a stepwise test characteristic curve method to detect item parameter drift iteratively based on test characteristic curves without needing to set any predetermined critical values. Comparisons are made between the proposed method and two existing methods under the three‐parameter logistic item response model through simulation and real data analysis. Results show that the proposed method produces a small difference in test characteristic curves between administrations, an accurate conversion table, and a good classification of drifted and nondrifted items and at the same time keeps a large amount of linking items. 相似文献
11.
Increasing use of item pools in large-scale educational assessments calls for an appropriate scaling procedure to achieve a common metric among field-tested items. The present study examines scaling procedures for developing a new item pool under a spiraled block linking design. The three scaling procedures are considered: (a) concurrent calibration, (b) separate calibration with one linking, and (c) separate calibration with three sequential linking. Evaluation across varying sample sizes and item pool sizes suggests that calibrating an item pool simultaneously results in the most stable scaling. The separate calibration with linking procedures produced larger scaling errors as the number of linking steps increased. The Haebara’s item characteristic curve linking resulted in better performances than the test characteristic curve (TCC) linking method. The present article provides an analytic illustration that the test characteristic curve method may fail to find global solutions in polytomous items. Finally, comparison of the single- and mixed-format item pools suggests that the use of polytomous items as the anchor can improve the overall scaling accuracy of the item pools. 相似文献
12.
Richard Tate 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2000,37(4):329-346
The error associated with a proposed linking method for tests consisting of both constructed response and multiple choice items was investigated in a simulation study. Study factors that were varied included the relative proportion of constructed response items in the test, the size of the year-to-year change in the ability metric, the number of anchor items, the number of linking papers to be reassessed, and the presence of guessing. The results supported the use of the proposed linking method, In addition, simulations were used to illustrate possible linking bias resulting from (a) the use of the traditional linking method and (b) the use of only multiple choice anchor items in the presence of test multidimensionality. 相似文献
13.
Linking functions adjust for differences between identifiability restrictions used in different instances of the estimation of item response model parameters. These adjustments are necessary when results from those instances are to be compared. As linking functions are derived from estimated item response model parameters, parameter estimation error automatically propagates into linking error. This article explores an optimal linking design approach in which mixed‐integer programming is used to select linking items to minimize linking error. Results indicate that the method holds promise for selection of linking items. 相似文献
14.
Linking item parameters to a base scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper compares three methods of item calibration??concurrent calibration, separate calibration with linking, and fixed item parameter calibration??that are frequently used for linking item parameters to a base scale. Concurrent and separate calibrations were implemented using BILOG-MG. The Stocking and Lord in Appl Psychol Measure 7:201?C210, (1983) characteristic curve method of parameter linking was used in conjunction with separate calibration. The fixed item parameter calibration (FIPC) method was implemented using both BILOG-MG and PARSCALE because the method is carried out differently by the two programs. Both programs use multiple EM cycles, but BILOG-MG does not update the prior ability distribution during FIPC calibration, whereas PARSCALE updates the prior ability distribution multiple times. The methods were compared using simulations based on actual testing program data, and results were evaluated in terms of recovery of the underlying ability distributions, the item characteristic curves, and the test characteristic curves. Factors manipulated in the simulations were sample size, ability distributions, and numbers of common (or fixed) items. The results for concurrent calibration and separate calibration with linking were comparable, and both methods showed good recovery results for all conditions. Between the two fixed item parameter calibration procedures, only the appropriate use of PARSCALE consistently provided item parameter linking results similar to those of the other two methods. 相似文献
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16.
ABSTRACTIn applications of item response theory (IRT), fixed parameter calibration (FPC) has been used to estimate the item parameters of a new test form on the existing ability scale of an item pool. The present paper presents an application of FPC to multiple examinee groups test data that are linked to the item pool via anchor items, and investigates the performance of FPC relative to an alternative approach, namely independent 0–1 calibration and scale linking. Two designs for linking to the pool are proposed that involve multiple groups and test forms, for which multiple-group FPC can be effectively used. A real-data study shows that the multiple-group FPC method performs similarly to the alternative method in estimating ability distributions and new item parameters on the scale of the item pool. In addition, a simulation study shows that the multiple-group FPC method performs nearly equally to or better than the alternative method in recovering the underlying ability distributions and the new item parameters. 相似文献
17.
This paper introduces and evaluates four practical multidimensional linking procedures that are based on the theoretical framework recently proposed by Davey, Oshima, and Lee (1996): (a) the Direct method, (b) the Equated Function method, (c) the Test Characteristic Function (TCF) method, and (d) the Item Characteristic Function (ICF) method. The evaluation was conducted using simulated data. As anticipated, the competing procedures yielded different linking parameter estimates. The TCF and ICF methods were found to be more stable and recovered the true linking parameters better than the other two methods. Furthermore, all procedures were found to be acceptable under almost any of the minimization criteria and offered dramatic improvement over not linking at all. It is recommended that the choice of a linking procedure should depend on the purpose of linking. 相似文献
18.
冯悦 《广东技术师范学院学报》2007,(6):89-93
本文研究的是不同的测试方法-单项选择和信息转移-是否会在阅读理解考试中产生测试方法效应的问题.除对学生的考试成绩(分数)进行分析外,本研究还进一步对试题的难度值进行了分析,而本研究中试题难度是通过项目反应理论(Item Response Theory)计算得到的.结果显示不同测试方法的确会影响题目难度及考生的考试表现,就试题难度而言信息转移比单项选择更难. 相似文献
19.
During computerized adaptive testing (CAT), items are selected continuously according to the test-taker's estimated ability. The traditional method of attaining the highest efficiency in ability estimation is to select items of maximum Fisher information at the currently estimated ability. Test security has become a problem because high-discrimination items are more likely to be selected and become overexposed. So, there seems to be a tradeoff between high efficiency in ability estimations and balanced usage of items. This series of four studies with simulated data addressed the dilemma by focusing on the notion of whether more or less discriminating items should be used first in CAT. The first study demonstrated that the common maximum information method with Sympson and Hetter (1985) control resulted in the use of more discriminating items first. The remaining studies showed that using items in the reverse order (i.e., less discriminating items first), as described in Chang and Ying's (1999) stratified method had potential advantages: (a) a more balanced item usage and (b) a relatively stable resultant item pool structure with easy and inexpensive management. This stratified method may have ability-estimation efficiency better than or close to that of other methods, particularly for operational item pools when retired items cannot be totally replenished with similar highly discriminating items. It is argued that the judicious selection of items, as in the stratified method, is a more active control of item exposure, which can successfully even out the usage of all items. 相似文献
20.
Various applications of item response theory often require linking to achieve a common scale for item parameter estimates obtained from different groups. This article used a simulation to examine the relative performance of four different item response theory (IRT) linking procedures in a random groups equating design: concurrent calibration with multiple groups, separate calibration with the Stocking-Lord method, separate calibration with the Haebara method, and proficiency transformation. The simulation conditions used in this article included three sampling designs, two levels of sample size, and two levels of the number of items. In general, the separate calibration procedures performed better than the concurrent calibration and proficiency transformation procedures, even though some inconsistent results were observed across different simulation conditions. Some advantages and disadvantages of the linking procedures are discussed. 相似文献