共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
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句子加工是心理语言学研究的重要内容,主要关注影响加工过程的因素。工作记忆是影响句子加工过程的重要因素之一。文章首先分析工作记忆的作用与特点,然后探讨工作记忆和工作记忆容量的个体差异对歧义句和复合句加工的影响。 相似文献
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张琳娜 《南昌教育学院学报》2010,(12):59-60
工作记忆是一种对信息进行暂时加工和储存的容量有限的记忆系统,它在高等认知能力如阅读理解中有重要的作用。本文回顾了近十年,国外对工作记忆以及阅读理解相关因素与阅读理解关系的研究,并对工作记忆对第一语言阅读理解和第二语言阅读理解的影响进行了总结和比较。 相似文献
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作为网络同步交际(SCMC)的一种方式,网络聊天室被广泛运用于第二语言的口语教学,它独有的话语特点有助于减轻容量有限的认知资源加工处理语言信息的负荷,降低情感障碍,使工作记忆容量小的学习者从中获益,促进会话能力的发展. 相似文献
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《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2015,(3)
以216名大学生为被试,使用工作记忆广度任务、《理性—经验量表》以及博弈任务进行实验研究,考察了工作记忆容量与决策的关系以及理性加工与直觉加工在其中的作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)工作记忆容量与博弈偏差具有显著负相关;(2)理性加工能够反向预测博弈偏差,直觉加工能够正向预测博弈偏差;(3)理性加工在工作记忆容量与博弈偏差间起部分中介作用,而直觉加工不存在中介作用,但可直接影响博弈偏差。实验结果表明:理性加工在工作记忆容量与决策间存在中介效应,而直觉加工不存在中介效应,但能直接预测决策。 相似文献
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动词论题结构信息是动词所能建构的可能的句法结构的信息。研究通过操纵动词的论题结构偏向，探讨动词的论题结构信息对汉语句子理解加工的影响。 相似文献
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本研究以问卷调查的方式,对中南民族大学英语专业和非英语专业大二少数民族学生的工作记忆容量和词汇习得情况进行了调查。SPSS皮尔森相关系数和独立样本T检验结果发现:(1)工作记忆容量与动词习得成绩正相关;(2)少数民族大学生的英语语言水平与他们的字母记忆广度、英语阅读广度测试成绩正相关,与汉语记忆能力没有显著关系;(3)英语专业少数民族学生的动词测试成绩普遍高于非英语专业少数民族学生,即语言水平越高词汇习得越好。因此,本研究得出如下结论:工作记忆对少数民族学习者的动词习得有影响,但少数民族学习者的汉语工作记忆对学习者的二语水平没有显著影响;少数民族学习者的二语水平不仅对学习者的动词习得有影响,对他们的二语工作记忆也有制约作用。 相似文献
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工作记忆在句法歧义消解中起着重要作用,句法歧义消解的理论争议涉及工作记忆在句子理解中的作用.研究句法消解问题时工作记忆的测量有两种方法:阅读广度任务法和"扇形程序".句法消解问题的脑功能研究发现,工作记忆能力的差异会影响对句子的加工:工作记忆能力强的人采用序列加工策略,而工作记忆能力差的人采用并行加工策略.歧义区间、加工策略、年龄等因素是工作记忆在句法歧义消解中的主要影响因素.在解决句法歧义消解问题的过程中,工作记忆的大脑激活主要涉及颞叶左后外侧、额叶左后回内侧和两侧视觉皮质等区域.在今后的研究中,首先应注意解决"在线"和"离线"不同实验范式造成的问题;同时应当更多地开展跨语言方面的研究,特别是应着重探讨中国人加工英语歧义句以及汉语句法表征和英语句法表征之间的关系问题. 相似文献
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工作记忆与学习能力的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
工作记忆是一种对信息进行暂时加工和贮存的能量有限的记忆系统,工作记忆通过阅读理解、写作和数学问题解决而影响学生的学习能力。语音回路对阅读的影响更多地体现在复杂句子结构的理解上,中央执行功能在语言意义的加工过程中起着更大的作用,写作能力的逐步完善与工作记忆能力的增长密不可分,工作记忆的三个成分对简单和复杂数学问题解决都产生重要影响。 相似文献
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采用眼动记录的方法,考察在中性和偏向句子语境中,动词歧义消解的过程。结果发现,在中性句子语境中,动词歧义词的意义通达是按照相对频率进行的;解歧信息作用于动词歧义词意义通达的晚期,对已激活的意义进行选择和整合。在偏向句子语境中,解歧信息作用于动词歧义词的意义整合过程,激活歧义词的适当意义,并对动词歧义词不适当的意义产生抑制作用;动词歧义消解的加工是延迟进行的。实验证明,在句子语境中,动词歧义消解的过程支持整合模型。 相似文献
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Children aged 8 through 11 (N = 250) were given a word-by-word sentence task in both the visual and auditory modes. The sentences included an object relative clause, a subject relative clause, or a conjoined verb phrase. Each sentence was followed by a true-false question, testing the subject of either the first or second verb. Participants were also given two memory span measures: digit span and reading span. High digit span children slowed down more at the transition from the main to the relative clause than did the low digit span children. The findings suggest the presence of a U-shaped learning pattern for on-line processing of restrictive relative clauses. Off-line accuracy scores showed different patterns for good comprehenders and poor comprehenders. Poor comprehenders answered the second verb questions at levels that were consistently below chance. Their answers were based on an incorrect local attachment strategy that treated the second noun as the subject of the second verb. For example, they often answered yes to the question "The girl chases the policeman" after the object relative sentence "The boy that the girl sees chases the policeman." Interestingly, low memory span poor comprehenders used the local attachment strategy less consistently than high memory span poor comprehenders, and all poor comprehenders used this strategy less consistently for harder than for easier sentences. 相似文献
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Isabelle Dautriche Alejandrina Cristia Perrine Brusini Sylvia Yuan Cynthia Fisher Anne Christophe 《Child development》2014,85(3):1168-1180
Previous work has shown that toddlers readily encode each noun in the sentence as a distinct argument of the verb. However, languages allow multiple mappings between form and meaning that do not fit this canonical format. Two experiments examined French 28‐month‐olds' interpretation of right‐dislocated sentences (nouni‐verb, nouni) where the presence of clear, language‐specific cues should block such a canonical mapping. Toddlers (N = 96) interpreted novel verbs embedded in these sentences as transitive, disregarding prosodic cues to dislocation (Experiment 1) but correctly interpreted right‐dislocated sentences containing well‐known verbs (Experiment 2). These results suggest that toddlers can integrate multiple cues in ideal conditions, but default to canonical surface‐to‐meaning mapping when extracting structural information about novel verbs in semantically impoverished conditions. 相似文献
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The present study was designed to investigate the influence of syntactic complexity on sentence comprehension in Hebrew. Participants were 40 native Hebrew-speaking 5th grade dyslexic and normally reading children aged 10–11 years. Childrens syntactic abilities were tested by three experimental measures: syntactic judgment, a sentence-picture matching task, and a sentence correction task. Each task consisted of sentences composed of five syntactic constructions varying in the level of syntactic complexity (active, passive, conjoined, object-subject relative, and subject-object relative). The length of sentences and the number of propositions in the sentences were controlled. In addition, a wide range of the childrens reading and general abilities (e.g., reading comprehension, phonological awareness, and working memory) was examined. The results indicated that dyslexic readers were less accurate and slower than good readers in all reading tasks and in the tasks on sentence comprehension. The findings suggest that the factor of syntactic complexity seems to be a relatively independent aspect of sentence comprehension. This aspect of sentence comprehension is probably not affected in dyslexic readers. Rather, processing deficit related to phonological and memory impairments of dyslexic children and their ability to process syntactic information is responsible for the difficulties in sentence comprehension. 相似文献
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崔立斌 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,16(6):75-78
先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语跟名词作主语、宾语是不同的，先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语有四种不同情形：动词作主语、宾语；动词作主语、宾语后活用为名词；动词作主语、宾语时兼有名词性质；动词跟作主语、宾语的词是不同的单位。因此，先秦汉语动词的活用和兼类就少一些。 相似文献
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Jolyn Hersch 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(3):240-262
This research investigated whether spelling ability, an index of precise lexical representations, predicts the balance between bottom-up and top-down processing in online sentence processing among skilled readers, over and above contributions of reading ability, vocabulary, and working memory. The results showed that the combination of superior reading and spelling was associated with more accurate report of rapidly presented sentences and that spelling uniquely predicted reduced reliance on context to identify words. These findings support the lexical quality hypothesis by demonstrating that individual differences in the reading strategies used by skilled readers reflect differences in the precision of their lexical representations. 相似文献
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The scrambling complexity hypothesis based on working memory or locality accounts as well as syntactic accounts have proposed
that processing a scrambled structure is difficult. However, the locus of this difficulty in sentence processing remains debatable.
Several studies on multiple languages have explored the effect of scrambling on sentence processing and not all languages
have shown an advantage for the canonical word order. Using a self-paced reading paradigm, we studied the effect of scrambling
on semantic anomaly detection in Hindi sentence comprehension employing three word order types. Reading times on critical
verbs, judgment latency, and error rates showed significant effect of word order type. The results further revealed significant
interactions between word order and anomaly type. The patterns of results suggest that the canonical word order does not necessarily
have a processing advantage in terms of speed and accuracy over non-canonical orders and do not provide support to sentence
processing accounts that assume an advantage for canonical structures. The results indicate that processing speed depends
on the distance between the subject and the verb, thus supporting a locality dependent working memory based model of sentence
processing. The results provide evidence for the role of specific cognitive processes in Hindi sentence processing with further
implications for language and literacy acquisition in Hindi. 相似文献
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张田田 《宁波职业技术学院学报》2011,(2):100-103
“认定”义动词大致分为两类：“内向”动词与“非内向”动词。其中,“内向”动词可以形成两种不同的句式,一种是“主动宾”结构,另一种则是双宾句。构式理论认为这两种句式属于不同的构式,具有不同的构式义．双宾结构整体上具有“取得”义。“内向”动词之所以可以进入双宾语“取得”句式,是因为这类动词表示使句式义表示的动作行为得以实现的“手段”,即通过“结交”这种手段而有所得。“主观性”是语言的一种特性,当说话人想要表达某人通过“结交”的手段有所得时,则会采用这种“取得”义双宾句式。 相似文献
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在汉语句子中,除了动词以外,形容词、名词、数量词和象声词都可以充当谓语,这类句子称为非动词谓语句。研究表明,非动词谓语句中实际上存在着隐性动词。将其翻译成相应的英语时,其中的谓语动词必不可少,这与汉语的隐性特征和英语的显性特征是一致的。 相似文献