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Frank A. Schmidtlein 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(2):159-174
Abstract Interest in ‘performance budgeting’ is growing despite a lack of research on its effectiveness. U.S. states have largely used ‘incremental’ and ‘formula’ budgeting processes to fund higher education. However, more than half of them are experimenting with some form of ‘performance budgeting’. There have been similar attempts to reform budget practices in the U.S. in the past, but most of these processes have been largely abandoned. Governmental ‘performance budgeting’ for higher education assumes policy objectives are stable, complex decisions on budget trade‐offs can be made at governmental levels on the basis of data, institutions operate as bureaucracies, resources can be linked to outcomes, outcomes are identifiable and can be agreed upon, accountability can be achieved through budget policies, and current practices create incentives to enrol unqualified students. These assumptions are not realistic. Consequently, ‘performance budgeting’ will not meet proponents expectations and will suffer the fate of past budget fads. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION The convenience of wireless communications has led to increasing use of wireless networks for civilian and critical applications. With the advent of Internet technology and the increasing popularity of wireless data devices, the wireless industry is evolv- ing its core networks toward IP-based networks. It will be necessary to integrate the wireless networks and the existing wired networks into the Internet. TCP has been the predominant transport protocol used in the wired … 相似文献
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In a retrospective study, we compared school performance of 53 children practicing music (group 1) with 67 controls not practicing
music (group 2). Overall average marks as well as average marks of all school subjects except sports were significantly higher
in children who do (group 1) than in those who do not practice music (group 2). In a multiple regression analysis, musical
training, parent’s income, and educational level (grades) correlated significantly with overall average marks. A slight decrease
of overall average marks over 4 years from grades 3 to 6 was found in the control group only. Musical training evidently correlates
with children’s better performance at school, but is obviously part of a multifactorial dependence. Continuous musical training
appears to help achieve and maintain school performance at a high level over time. 相似文献
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《Learning and Instruction》2000,10(4):293-309
Our cognitive–motivational process model (Vollmeyer, R. & Rheinberg, F. (1998). Motivationale Einflüsse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System. [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system.] Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 12, 11–23.) assumes that motivational factors affect performance via mediators. Such a potential mediator is persistence. Fifty-one students learnt a complex dynamic system. We measured their initial motivation (mastery confidence, incompetence fear, interest and challenge), then a set of mediating variables during learning. Performance measures were knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. A path-analysis showed that initial motivation influenced persistence. However, any possible relationship between persistence and performance was disrupted because learners with more knowledge stopped sooner (i.e., were classified as lowly persistent). Thus highly persistent learners did not have higher mean final performance, despite acquiring more knowledge over trials. 相似文献
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Understanding the factors that contribute to an effective teacher has the potential to influence selection and preparation of pre-service teachers and may influence student outcomes. Prior research suggests a relationship between teacher characteristics (academic achievement, verbal ability, gender) and teacher effectiveness, however, these factors explain only a fraction of the overall variance in the effectiveness of teachers. Guided by the What Works Clearinghouse protocol for Teacher Training, Evaluation and Compensation, this study involving pre-service teachers (N = 400) used teacher performance rankings resulting from classroom observations and explored factors that may contribute to varying levels of teacher performance. Pre-service teachers’ prior teaching performance, personality characteristics and previous academic achievement were assessed as predictive factors of teacher performance. Results indicate that no significant relationship was identified between personality traits and the outcome variable teaching performance in this study. However, previous teaching performance in addition to academic achievement scores emerged as significant predictors of teaching performance. 相似文献
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ZHANG Zhao-di XU Long-jun SHI Jian-hang XU Wei WU Wen-li LIU Cheng-lun 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2015,14(3):79-86
The effects of the electro-deposition conditions on the crystal structure and the properties of electrolytic manganese dioxide(EMD) were investigated in this paper. The results show that EMD was γ-crystal, with sand-like rough interface. The optimal preparation conditions of EMD were 30 min deposition time, and p H=1.0 in Mn SO4-H2SO4 solution at 50 ?C. Surfactant(P1) was conducive to the uniform and stable surface of γ-Mn O2 film, the impedance and the specific surface area of the electrode modified with γ-Mn O2 increased by 21.4 times and 75.6 times, respectively. The redox reversibility and the resolution ratio of characteristic peaks with the modified electrode were significantly improved in the benzodiazepines electrochemical reaction. The achievement illustrated that the controllable synthesis of γ-Mn O2 film thickness was practical in electrochemical sensors, and the determination reliability of benzodiazepines was improved with γ-Mn O2 modified electrodes used in environment monitoring technology. 相似文献
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JIANG Jun-jie TANG Fei-long PAN Feng WANG Wei-nong 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(6):945-951
INTRODUCTION Peer-to-peer computing has become a populardistributed computing paradigm. Efficient resourcelookup is essential for such systems. As we know, most of the deployed peer-to-peersystems are unstructured. Napster is based on a cen-tral directory and was in popular use during early daysSoon after, Gnutella and KaZaA were deployedwidely. However, all these popular unstructuredpeer-to-peer systems suffer from unscalability. Fortunately, there are new kinds of peer-to-peernetwor… 相似文献
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Mental imagery is foundational to human experience, lying at the heart of cognition and reading, however research has failed to conclusively investigate and demonstrate a link. Therefore, we conducted three studies measuring adults’ reading and imagery performance. In Study 1, the mental imagery skills of 155 adults were measured using two established self-report measures, namely the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (Psi-Q) and the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS), and a novel imagery comparison task. In Study 2 (n = 452), a control for speeded processing replaced the SUIS. In Study 3 (n = 236), we added a measure of reading speed. Findings indicate that the objective measurement of mental imagery was associated with reading performance, whereas self-report measures were not. Further, reading comprehension linked more strongly to mental imagery than reading speed did. Findings demonstrate, for the first time, that mental imagery processes are intrinsically linked with reading performance. 相似文献
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Performance of a pulse tube cooler significantly depends on the efficient operation of its regenerator. Influence of input acoustic power on regenerator's performance is simulated and analyzed with simple harmonic analysis method. Given regenera-tor's dimensions and pressure ratio,there is an optimal input acoustic power for achieving a highest coefficient of performance,due to a compromise between relative time-averaged total energy flux in regenerator and relative acoustic power at regenerator's cold end. Additionally,optimal dimensions of regenerator are also estimated and presented for different input acoustic powers. The computed optimal diameter obviously increases with increase of input acoustic power,while the optimal length decreases slightly,and as a result,a larger input acoustic power requires a smaller aspect ratio (length over diameter). 相似文献
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Roy Carr-Hill 《Compare》2018,48(6):1010-1014
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There are good theoretical grounds for seeing emotional intelligence (EI) as important in the teachers' skill set. Yet there is a lack of data on whether student teachers' levels of EI are associated with their teaching performance. This question was addressed, with gender and prior academic attainment also being explored as possible contributors to teaching performance. No association between the three independent variables and teaching performance was found. This raises serious questions for our understanding of emotions and teaching. 相似文献
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FANG You-tong YAO Ying-ying 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(3):412-415
In this paper, a modified transient finite element (FE) algorithm for the performance analysis of magnetically levitated vehicles of electromagnetic type is presented. The algorithm incorporates the external power system and vehicle’s movement equations into FE model of transient magnetic field computation directly. Sliding interface between stationary and moving region is used during the transient analysis. The periodic boundaries are implemented in an easy way to reduce the computation scale. It is proved that this method can be used for both electro-motional static and dynamic cases. The test of a transformer and an EMS-Maglev system reveals that the method generates reasonable results at very low computational costs comparing with the transient FE analysis. 相似文献
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WU Yun LUO Han-wen DING Ming YAN Chong-guang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(12):2104-2109
INTRODUCTION Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become a promising technology for future wireless communication systems (Kim et al., 2003; 3GPP TSG-RAN-1.TR, 2004) due to its ability to transform a wideband frequency selective channel to a set of parallel flat-fading narrow-band channels, which substantially simplifies the channel equaliza- tion problem. However, a critical weakness of OFDM is its sensitivity to carrier frequency offset (CFO) since it can only t… 相似文献
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The use of self-generated drawings has been found to be a powerful strategy for problem solving. However, many students do not engage in drawing activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of the enjoyment of the drawing strategy, anxiety about the drawing strategy, and prior intramathematical performance on the use of the drawing strategy and modelling performance. We explored the role of the drawing strategy as a mediator between emotions and modelling and whether intramathematical performance moderated the effects of emotions (N = 220, mean age 14.5 years). Enjoyment and anxiety with respect to generating drawings and intramathematical performance predicted the use of the drawing strategy. Enjoyment positively affected modelling performance indirectly via the use of the drawing strategy. Anxiety negatively affected modelling performance via the use of the drawing strategy for students with lower intramathematical performance. Our findings demonstrate that experiencing activating emotions (i.e., enjoyment and anxiety) with respect to strategies and prior intramathematical performance are important for strategy use and modelling performance. Implications for the theory of self-generated drawing and the control-value theory of achievement emotions and practical implications for training and supporting the drawing strategy are discussed. 相似文献
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Charlene Tan 《比较教育学》2017,53(2):209-223
This article analyses the public responses in China to Shanghai’s performance in the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Based on data obtained from media accounts and other materials published between 2013 and 2016, the research findings show that the responses in China are generally reflective, measured and self-critical. Drawing upon Gadamer’s notions of ‘tradition’, ‘horizon’ and ‘prejudice’, this paper contends that the responses reflect the prevailing worldviews in China that perceive Shanghai’s education system to be academically rigorous but too exam-oriented and burdensome. It is further argued that Confucian knowledge traditions and structures in China shape the Chinese interpretations of the PISA assessment format, leading them to downplay Shanghai’s success. This study introduces the metaphor of ‘triadic eyes’ and highlights the mediating effects of the ‘local eyes’ of policy actors in an era of global educational governance. 相似文献
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ZHU Fang-ming HU Jun 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(2):192-196
INTRODUCTION Metamaterials are periodic metallic structures exhibiting unique properties not existing in natural materials. They are also called backward wave mate- rials, double negative materials, or left-handed mate- rials (LHM) in particular, in which the vectors E, H and k form a left-handed system. Since the idea pro- posed by Veselago (1968), metamaterials have at- tracted great interest in the last years (Smith et al., 2000; Pendry, 2000; Smith and Kroll, 2000; Shelby et al., … 相似文献
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A novel MAC mechanism to resolve 802.11 performance anomaly 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHENG Yan-hong LI Zhi-shu XING Jian-chuan ZHU Li 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(10):1573-1583
In the 802.11b networks, the guarantee of an equal long-run channel access probability causes performance anomaly in a multi-rate wireless cell. Much interest has been involved in this issue and many effective mechanisms have been proposed. The usual MAC layer solutions include the initial contention window adaptation, the maximum transfer unit size adaptation and the packet bursting. In this paper, we propose a novel approach which introduces a new parameter called the transmission prob- ability pt to the legacy protocol. By adjusting pt according to the transmission rate, the proposed scheme can solve the performance anomaly problem cleanly. Throughput analysis and performance evaluation show that our scheme achieves significant im- provement in the aggregate throughput and the fairness. 相似文献