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1.
Viney LL 《Death education》1983,7(2-3):229-243
Personal construct psychology was used to generate a set of questions about concerns about death among severely ill people. Answers to these questions were provided by content analyses of the responses of a large group of ill people to an open-ended question about their current experiences. Comparison of their responses with those of a similar group of well people indicated that they expressed more concerns about death. More death-related concerns were reported by those ill people who were facing surgery rather than those who were not, those whose illnesses were acute rather than chronic, and those who were interviewed while in the hospital rather than at home. Gender, age, marital status, and educational attainment were all considered predictors of death-related concerns; but none was found to be significant, nor were concerns about death observed to vary according to illness type. The psychological states found to accompany greater death-related concerns among ill people proved to represent both the adaptive and the dislocative processes of mourning. People who were not ill, but who had greater death-related concerns than other well people, on contrast, showed signs only of the more dislocative processes. Some of the implications of these findings for thanatological counseling of severely ill people are discussed. 相似文献
2.
This article draws attention to the impact of geopolitical crises on multicultural counseling. It acknowledges that counselors may listen to news about these conflicts on radios and televisions without realizing the multicultural counseling implications. It puts these crises in socio-psychological perspective and raises, explains, and discusses the concepts of vicarious gain, lack, and loss of credibility as experienced by counselors due to these crises. Illustrative cases are used to show how vicarious gain, lack, and loss of credibility can inhibit the development and/or maintenance of healthy multicultural counseling relationships. Finally, ways to deal effectively with these problems are presented. 相似文献
3.
The authors argue that students in counseling practicum courses experience many self‐defeating thoughts and anxieties. These worries can impede their performance as new counselors and can have a negative impact on the supervision process. The authors outline innovative methods used by cognitive therapists to address this anxiety. In addition, a model is presented for counselor educators to use cognitive restructuring techniques as a supervision tool. Summary Throughout their studies, counseling graduate students face many possible fears and anxieties that arise from their classroom experiences. The greatest fears and anxieties seem to be related to the counseling practicum experience. This experience is one in which students may feel incompetent, vulnerable, and unskilled as they begin to put their classroom knowledge and experiences into practice. If these fears and anxieties persist, students have a hard time making progress in the area of the counseling relationship and skill building. We have examined how practicum students' fears and anxieties might be addressed, using cognitive interventions. Such interventions allow students to take irrational thoughts and change them to rational thought patterns. This is accomplished by asking students to state their fears verbally, to think about the effects of the fears and the consequences, to think about intervening beliefs and thoughts, and to restate the fears in a rational manner. Our experience suggests that cognitive interventions are useful strategies to help practicum students combat fears and anxieties. Further research might examine the use of other behavioral interventions to address these fears. For example, does role‐playing a counseling technique in supervision make a student less anxious about applying it in a real counseling session? In summary, fear and anxiety can impede the preparation of counselors during their practicum experiences. Understanding the underlying thoughts that cause these fears can help students overcome self‐defeating thought patterns. Cognitive restructuring techniques have been shown to reduce tension and can be used with counseling practicum students to help relieve performance and supervision anxiety. 相似文献
4.
Isabel T. Gutiérrez David Menendez Matthew J. Jiang Iseli G. Hernandez Peggy Miller Karl S. Rosengren 《Child development》2020,91(2):e491-e511
A mixed-method approach was used to explore parent and child perspectives on death in Mexico. Parents’ and children’s death-related experiences and understanding of death were examined. While all children in this sample displayed a biological understanding of death, older children were less likely to endorse that all living things die. Children also displayed coexistence of beliefs related to death that can be attributed to both their biological and spiritual understanding of death. We also found that older children were more likely to report that a child should feel sad following the death of a loved one. These findings highlight how cultural practices shape the development of cognitive and affective processes related to death. 相似文献
5.
Conclusion Like most of the industrialized nations of the world, Japan is undergoing changes in its occupational structure, in its societal values about work and achievement, and in the demographics of its work force. These changes have different types of impact on the career development of young workers, initial entry and reentry women, and older workers.As greater clarity is established on how these populations differ between and within groups, Japan's policy-makers have become aware that different types of intervention programs must be developed and implemented for each of these groups. However, there is not a sufficient number of counselors, who are trained to deal with the career development and transition to work issues presented by each of these groups, to respond to the growing needs for career counseling and career guidance across the nation. Clearly, a national agenda for serving a work force in Japan which is aging, diversifying, and entering and adjusting to an occupational environment which is itself in flux must include major attention to counselor preparation, research in career development across the life-span, and the development and testing of career development programs tailored to multiple individual and group needs. 相似文献
6.
Kathleen Felton 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(1):88-101
Practicum experiences are critical learning environments for developing requisite skills, knowledge, behaviours and attitudes across the professions. Evidence suggests that international students in professional social and behavioural science programs struggle across a number of dimensions while on practicum. Key issues for these students coalesce around English language competency and cultural competency in the workplace. Research evidence likewise suggests that workplaces generally struggle to provide culturally inclusive practicum experiences for international students. This difficulty is evident at the level of individual supervisors, as well as at the level of schools and host organisations. This article reports on the capacity of host organisations to offer inclusive practicum experience for international students across professional programs in the social and behavioural sciences. The article reviews the literature in relation to the needs of international students and factors supporting inclusive practicum experiences, before outlining the method and findings of a needs analysis undertaken as part of a research project conducted in south-east Queensland, Australia. Suggestions are provided about how the capacity of host organisations can be developed to offer quality practicum experiences for international students. 相似文献
7.
This interpretive qualitative study describes the experiences of six Afro-Caribbean multilingual educators with Englishes across Caribbean and United States contexts and classrooms. Findings showed how confidence vs. doubtfulness and resistance vs. acceptance seemed visible in the educators' use of Englishes based on the expectations of others and how distance vs. closeness and negative vs. positive feelings were reflected in educators' learning about their use of Englishes. Overall, the findings suggest that the educators' experiences were characterized by recursivity, repositionality and bidirectionality. Recursivity seemed evident because the educators moved back and forth in their thinking about Englishes, English ideologies, and between conflicts about these ideologies in their experiences across Caribbean and U.S classrooms. Repositionality seemed visible in their increasing acceptance of non-standardized Englishes for ‘outer circle’ classroom instruction and through shifts in their ideologies about English as moved back and forth across ‘inner’ and ‘outer circles,’ both via various digital technologies and by way of their physical movement across geographic boundaries. Bidirectionality appeared to be present in the impact of educators' ideologies about Englishes on ‘inner circle’ speakers, and the impact of ‘inner circle’ speakers' ideologies about Englishes on educators. This study raises questions about the ways in which educators' Englishes function as they interact with English speakers in the United States. 相似文献
8.
The mourning of the health care professional: an important element in education about death and loss
Shanfield SB 《Death education》1981,4(4):385-395
This article explores the centrality of the mourning process in the education of developing health care professionals who are the survivors of complex and manifold losses. This was discussed in an elective seminar for senior medical students and graduate nurses. Learning about clinical responsibility often occurred in the context of loss and mourning. The outcome of mourning included for some a greater sensitivity to the impact of clinical interventions and a more accurate empathy for losses incurred by patients as a result of illness. Old and unresolved loss and mourning experiences were reawakened as a result of the seminar, which led to a sorting and mastering of these experiences. This is felt to be a common result of discussions about encounters with death and loss. Courses on death and dying for the health care professional, although important, are not sufficient by themselves for mastery of these topics. Clinical teachers must be aware of the student's response to loss and provide an atmosphere that legitimizes learning about these issues. The principles of awareness and open acknowledgement of loss and mourning are applicable to all health care settings. 相似文献
9.
People living with dementia may live in relationship with partners, family members, and significant others. Dementia has been shown to impact on such relationships but relationships also impact on the dementia condition. Thirteen people took part in the study: all were caring for a person living with dementia and two were themselves living with dementia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants focusing on changes in close relationships, including changes in intimate (sexual) relationships where appropriate. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: changes in couple relationships; changes in non-partner relationships; talking about oneself in relationship; and talking about people with dementia in relationship. In conclusion, participants’ lived experiences highlight the need for ongoing relational support and an education-based counseling program that could potentially address many of participants’ highlighted needs. 相似文献
10.
11.
Zeev Sardi 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1983,6(3):219-226
An immigrant has to adjust to a new environment, — physically, mentally and socially. Counseling methods, when applied to immigrants, should be geared to the special conditions and needs of this group. This paper describes the experiences gathered from vocational counseling of 5000 young high-school graduates who immigrated to Israel from many countries. On the basis of these experiences specific counseling tools, techniques and processes have been developed. 相似文献
12.
The aim of the study was to investigate for the first time the impact of educational experiences on the development of Cypriot deaf people's identity. To obtain relevant information in depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 Cypriot deaf individuals ages 19-54 years who had graduated from a variety of school settings. The findings indicated that the type of school, and the academic and social experiences shared within the school between the participants and their classmates and teachers, played a crucial role in these deaf individuals' identity development. The findings have implications for curriculum development for deaf pupils, and for parents' counseling about their deaf children's development of "healthy" identities. 相似文献
13.
Alexandra Okada Denise Whitelock Wayne Holmes Chris Edwards 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(2):861-875
Authenticating the students’ identity and authenticity of their work is increasingly important to reduce academic malpractices and for quality assurance purposes in Education. There is a growing body of research about technological innovations to combat cheating and plagiarism. However, the literature is very limited on the impact of e-authentication systems across distinctive end-users because it is not a widespread practice at the moment. A considerable gap is to understand whether the use of e-authentication systems would increase trust on e-assessment, and to extend, whether students’ acceptance would vary across gender, age and previous experiences. This study aims to shed light on this area by examining the attitudes and experiences of 328 students who used an authentication system known as adaptive trust-based e-assessment system for learning (TeSLA). Evidence from mixed-method analysis suggests a broadly positive acceptance of these e-authentication technologies by distance education students. However, significant differences in the students’ responses indicated, for instance, that men were less concerned about providing personal data than women; middle-aged participants were more aware of the nuances of cheating and plagiarism; while younger students were more likely to reject e-authentication, considerably due to data privacy and security and students with disabilities due to concerns about their special needs. 相似文献
14.
This paper compares the profession of counseling in Nigeria and the United States of America (USA). Many differences exist
in the practice of counseling in these two countries, including a greater emphasis on specialization, credentialing and licensing
in the USA. Issues such as lack of insurance coverage and general economic disadvantage affect the utilization of counseling
services in Nigeria. Although both countries are dealing with similar societal concerns, training standards remain localized.
The authors recommend that given the global nature of counseling's reach and potential impact across the world, efforts should
be made to implement international credentialing standards. 相似文献
15.
Second-Generation Adult Former Cult Group Members’ Recovery Experiences: Implications for Counseling
Cynthia H. Matthews Carmen F. Salazar 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(2):188-203
Cult survivors experience psychological challenges after leaving a cult, and reintegration into society can be a difficult process. Children who are born and raised in cults face additional challenges (e.g., effects of abuse and neglect, attachment disorders, and lack of education). Scant attention has been paid in the literature to the experiences and treatment needs of these second-generation cult survivors. In this study, the experiences of 15 second-generation adult former cult members were explored involving constructivist grounded theory and a social justice-focused inquiry. Findings hold promise for increasing counselors’ understanding of former cult members’ experiences, needs, and concerns, supporting competent counseling practice with this population. 相似文献
16.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(1):19-24
Abstract There has been much attention given to the needs of students with learning disabilities in Australian schools in recent years. The needs and experiences of university students with learning disabilities have received less attention. This article reports on the results of a small study of students who identified as having a range of difficulties with learning at one Australian university. Eight students across a range of discipline areas and year levels were asked about the nature of their difficulties, the kinds of adjustments they receive and their effectiveness, and for their suggestions about how these adjustments could be improved. The results pointed to the need for university lecturers to better understand the kinds of learning difficulties experienced by such students. Such an understanding can assist lecturers in knowing how to adjust their teaching and learning practices so these students can more fully participate and be successful in their university studies. 相似文献
17.
The impact of parental young onset dementia on children and young people's educational careers 
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下载免费PDF全文 It is well established that having a parent with any illness or disability can have an adverse effect on individuals’ experiences of education and on their educational progress. Advances in medical knowledge are leading to more people under 65 being diagnosed with young onset dementias and, concomitantly, to more children and young people who are in education having a parent with this diagnosis. Hardly any research has asked these young people directly about their experiences, but the limited evidence suggests that there will likely be significant emotional, mental and psychological damage with enduring impact on their lives. This article, drawing on findings from a unique narrative, auto/biographical study involving 24 British 6 to 31‐year‐olds, focuses on the consequences of parental young onset dementia for educational careers. These dementias are untimely progressive terminal illnesses with unpredictable trajectories and timelines, throughout the course of which physical, cognitive and emotional functions and abilities are inexorably lost. Participants’ experiences show that living with a parent with young onset dementia, whilst negotiating the education system, can be extremely hard. Difficulties are exacerbated by the condition's distinctive characteristics, the current lack of any cure and anticipatory, pre‐death grief. Lack of public awareness and understanding, both of young onset dementias and of dedicated resources and support services, also result in many feeling isolated and ignored. We make suggestions for positive provision and actions that educational institutions can make to begin to meet the particular needs of these young people. 相似文献
18.
This article features an elementary teacher who has worked with the authors for the past 10 years in research on building a classroom community and using cultural universals as the centerpiece for elementary social studies for all children. Cultural universals are basic human needs and social experiences found in all societies, past and present, and include food, shelter, clothing, transportation, communication, family living, money, childhood, government, and so on. Actions related to cultural universals are experienced by all children regardless of their cultures, socioeconomic backgrounds, achievement levels, or special needs, so teachers can connect to these experiences as bases for developing historical, geographic, political, economic, sociological, psychological, or anthropological understandings. The ultimate goal is connected knowledge about how the social system works, how and why it developed over time, how and why it varies across locations and cultures, and what all this might mean for personal, social, and civic decision making. 相似文献
19.
The attitudes of a random sample of Cleveland clergy toward the experience of terminal illness and the circumstances justifying euthanasia are presented and analyzed. The clergy response patterns revealed that, although eager to prolong life as long as possible, terminally ill patients fear a prolonged period of illness more than death itself. They also agreed that most patients favor the disclosure of terminal illness. The clergy's response to a questionnaire exhibited a definite ranking (i.e., scaling) in the order of priority of the different circumstances justifying passive euthanasia. Using training in death counseling as a control variable produced sharper division in the response categories for each statement. The controversial nature of euthanasia and the problem of ascertaining the psychological needs of the terminally ill became more apparent with the group who had more training in death counseling. Interpretations of the findings are presented, and a need for a careful reexamination of the effects of death education on attitudes toward controversial subjects in death and dying is stressed. 相似文献
20.
Given the lack of information in either the school counseling or the gifted education fields on how school counselors and educators of the gifted work together, research into how individuals from both professions collaborate to serve gifted students and their families becomes important. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to examine gifted teachers' and coordinators' experiences working with school counselors. Fourteen participants, serving in a variety of K–12 settings, engaged in interviews regarding their different experiences working with their school counselors. Five primary themes resulted from these participants' reported experiences, including educators'/counselors' training and preparation, meeting gifted students' needs through service delivery, school counselors' perceptions and beliefs, systemic barriers and facilitators of collaboration, and teacher and counselor collaborative efforts. These findings are discussed with regard to current literature on gifted education, school counseling, and professional collaboration. 相似文献