共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Ilias Livanos 《Higher Education》2010,60(5):473-489
The high level of graduate unemployment, even though it is acknowledged as one of the most distinctive characteristics of
the Greek labour market, it has not attracted enough attention in the academic literature. This paper utilizes micro-data
from the Labour Force Survey in order to investigate how the employment situation of young (aged 35 and below) graduates varies
across fields of study. The findings suggest that graduates of disciplines that have high levels of private sector employment,
such as Polytechnics and Computer Science, are in general better off in the Greek labour market. On the other hand, graduates
of disciplines that are traditionally related to the needs of the public sector, such as Social and manities, face poor employment
prospects. The findings of this study highlight the need for drastic reforms of the Higher Education system. 相似文献
2.
This article examines the relationship between the development of the education market and the demand for qualified personnel in the context of European integration. To begin with, a model portraying the relationships between the education and the labour market is introduced, following which the old but still topical qualification discourse with its theses with regard to overqualification and underutilization, is discussed. Despite the modern European Communities’ educational ideology of technological progress and of the thesis of increasing qualifications, questions which are still worth asking are what kinds of demands actually exist in the labour market for increasingly highly trained labour and what kinds of educational policy the new United States of Europe should have. 相似文献
3.
Pamela Clayton 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):199-214
Despite a number of relevant longitudinal studies carried out in Sweden, Finland, Norway and the United States of America, there is a relative paucity of research into the long-term outcomes of adult return to learning. This paper uses data from the first survey in Scotland into the longterm outcomes of adult learning (in this case, formal education/training) in order to explore the potential of adult learning for enhancing social citizenship,by facilitating labour market insertion and progress. The paper focuses particularly on an analysis of gender patterns. The issues addressed are: the extent to which respondents expected participation in adult education to benefit them in the labour market; whether labour-market-orientated participation in adult education brought positive occupational outcomes; the extent to which unintended labour market outcomes arose from participation in adult education; how women who undertook adult education did in labour market terms compared to men; to what extent personal perception of labour market progress was related to income; the kind of adult education which appeared to bring the most beneficial labour market outcomes; and any differences between men and women in this respect. 相似文献
4.
The article considers the current situation in the labour market for higher education graduates in China, showing what kinds of graduates have an advantage when facing potential employers. Secondly, it discusses the tendency of supply and demand between higher education graduates and the labour market from the perspectives of employment probability and over-education. Finally, the article suggests what should happen in the Chinese higher education system if it is to achieve a more effective relationship with the labour market. 相似文献
5.
Ian W. Li Stephane Mahuteau Alfred M. Dockery P.N. Junankar 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2017,39(6):625-641
The rate of higher education participation in Australia has increased over the past decade for individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. This study contributes to the knowledge on the outcomes of disadvantaged individuals who complete higher education by looking at the labour market outcomes of university graduates from equity groups. The number of Indigenous graduates and graduates with disabilities was found to be very low, suggesting that more needs to be done to improve higher education completion for these two groups. The labour market outcomes for other equity groups are mixed, with those from low socio-economic status backgrounds and regional and remote Australia performing well in the labour market, while graduates from non-English-speaking backgrounds and female graduates in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields experience substantial disadvantage in the labour market. The findings suggest that selection processes prior to the graduates’ entry into the labour market are important. 相似文献
6.
Eleni Sianou‐Kyrgiou Iakovos Tsiplakides 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2009,30(6):727-740
A growing body of literature focuses on choice of studies in the context of policies on widening participation in higher education and graduates' difficulties in the labour market. Drawing on research findings showing a relationship between social class and choice of studies, we conducted a qualitative study on first‐year medical students in a Greek university. The research aim was to examine the seemingly paradoxical choice of medical school, given the contradiction between the great investment in time, effort and money required, and inflation of medical graduates and high unemployment levels. Apart from the impact of social class, findings suggest that choice is also strongly influenced by the broader context of the social and financial relations, and the education system. We argue that any attempts to analyse choice processes need to accommodate the specific national characteristics and peculiarities. 相似文献
7.
Since the late 1970s, international education has steadily gained in popularity in China. An emerging middle class seeks to strengthen its position in China’s rapidly stratifying society under its socialist market economy with the shift from wealth creation for all to wealth concentration for a few. Previously, a foreign qualification was considered a passport to success in either the host or home country’s labour market. But the growing popularity of overseas study, coupled with the massification of the Chinese higher education, means Chinese international students are seeking to distinguish themselves in an increasingly competitive global labour market. This longitudinal study of international graduates, backgrounded by Australian employer perceptions, examines the journeys of 13 Chinese accounting graduates as they attempt to transition from an Australian university into the Australian labour market. Bourdieu’s thinking tools of field, capital, disposition and habitus are utilised to consider how different cultural, social and linguistic capitals inform employer understandings of ‘employability’ meant Chinese accounting graduates significantly adjusted their life goals. 相似文献
8.
Akio Inui 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1993,14(3):301-313
The serious problem in Japanese education today is the excess of competition. Although that helps the high standard of Japanese education, it also brings about many difficulties for young people. The competition in the school system is, in general, closely related to the competition in society as a whole, especially in the labour market. The structure of the labour market has a strong influence on competition in the school. For example, the British segmented labour market divides the competition by occupation, and it helps the diversified structure of post‐compulsory education/training. Meanwhile, in the Japanese labour market, which is characterised by Japanese‐style employment, the competition is little divided by occupation, and this helps the unitary structure of competition in the school. Comparing Japan and Britain, this paper will examine the structural causes of the competition in the school system. 相似文献
9.
10.
Maria Pallisera Montserrat Vilà Judit Fullana 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(11):1115-1129
Research analysing good practices in the area of labour market inclusion for people with disabilities shows that the role of the secondary school is fundamental in improving employment opportunities. The aim of this article is to analyse to what extent secondary education in Spain prepares young people with learning difficulties for later inclusion in society and the labour market. Results from studies into good practices in secondary education have established which educational characteristics to take into account for pupils' transition to working life and the need for the school to lead this process. We contrast these results with the current situation in Spain by comprehensively analysing how current secondary education is facing up to the challenges of labour market inclusion for young people with disabilities. Following this, we propose guidelines for the improvement of educational practices in secondary education so as to foster opportunities for labour market participation, from an inclusive viewpoint, for young people with learning disabilities. 相似文献
11.
12.
Eifred Markussen 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2017,16(1):27-42
In this article we examine the relationship between educational level and position in the labour market at age 25 for those who have completed upper secondary education or lower as their highest educational level. Whilst completion of upper secondary education is widely regarded as being important, we find that early and lasting work experience can compensate for non-completion. On the other hand, having received public welfare support decreases one’s chances of being in the labour market. Our conclusion is that educational attainment matters: it is important to complete upper secondary education for successful transition into the labour market, but if you do not complete, every step on the ladder to completion counts. 相似文献
13.
在劳动力市场分割这一研究领域,实证研究主要集中在劳动力市场分割所带来的不平等问题方面,忽略了劳动力市场分割对经济增长的影响。以修正了的Solow模型为分析框架,利用广东和上海的数据进行的研究发现:劳动力市场地区分割对区域经济增长具有阻碍作用。在中国,区域劳动力流动的变化是影响经济增长水平变化的因素之一:地区劳动力流动越活跃,经济增长的水平越高;流动劳动力的受教育水平越高,劳动力流动对经济增长的贡献也越大。 相似文献
14.
Gareth Rees 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):227-244
Current policies aimed at promoting a ‘new vocationalism’ through changes in vocational training in further education are based upon a particular functional model of labour market behaviour, which sees the relationships between technical qualifications, training and recruitment to jobs as unproblematic. In fact, however, this model bears little relationship to the realities of actual labour markets, especially given the enormous diversity which exists between economic conditions in different localities. What this implies, therefore, is that there are considerable tensions between the imperatives of a national training strategy, promoted centrally by the Training Commission (and previously by the Manpower Services Commission), and its local implementation mainly by the local education authorities and their colleges of further education. In many local labour markets, far from promoting closer responsiveness to the needs of employers, current policy initiatives may actually be making it more difficult for the colleges to react to employers' demands. These general arguments are illustrated here by reference to a large‐scale empirical study which was specifically designed to investigate the inter‐relationships between the labour market behaviour of employers and the implementation of the ‘new vocationalism’ in further education. 相似文献
15.
Geraldine Clarebout Jan Elen Rebecca Léonard Joost Lowyck 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(2):109-125
ABSTRACT This article addresses the labour market effects of two rather different forms of vocational education, full‐time education with practice periods that have no employment status versus dualized education with an emphasis on continuous on‐the‐job/in‐service training and employee status for the apprentice. Although most developed countries know both forms of vocational education, these usually have clearly different positions in a qualitative (standardization of curricula and degrees) and a quantitative (cohort shares) sense. The Netherlands present an interesting case, because in this country both systems coexist and contribute largely to the vocational training of each new generation. That provides a good opportunity for investigating differences in the labour market effects of these ‘treatments’ in vocational education. In this article, differences in labour market careers (i.e. the chances of getting promoted or getting unemployed) between graduates from full‐time vocational education and from the dual system are explored, using event history analysis. The results show that graduates from full‐time tracks have higher chances of getting promoted. However, the period of transition to the labour market is very unstable, involving job shifts and periods of unemployment. Graduates from the dual system on the other hand experience a more stable period of labour market entry. At the same time their careers often involve many dead‐end jobs, from which no promotion takes place. Moreover, they have difficulty in transfering their skills to other sectors than the sector for which they are trained. 相似文献
16.
高校教育服务市场和劳动力都是较狭义的概念。高校教育服务市场限定为高校与求学者之间商品交换关系的总和,劳动力市场特指高校毕业生就业市场。文章探讨了高校教育服务市场和劳动力市场各自的供求主客体之间的关系,分析了高校、求学者的市场角色和地位以及两种市场如何沟通联系等问题。以促进高校的发展,使其在市场竞争中立于不败地位,同时对确立求学者(毕业生)的市场主体地位有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
‘The degree is not enough’: students’ perceptions of the role of higher education credentials for graduate work and employability 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Michael Tomlinson 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2008,29(1):49-61
The UK Government is calling upon higher education students to see their learning as an investment that will give them direct benefits in the labour market. At the same time, the relationship between educational credentials and their returns in labour market has been changing in recent times. Based on a qualitative study with 53 final‐year undergraduate students in a pre‐1992 university, this article examines the way higher education students understand the role of their educational credentials in relation to their future employability. It shows that students perceive their academic qualifications as having a declining role in shaping their employment outcomes in what is perceived to be a congested and competitive graduate labour market. While academic credentials are still seen as a significant dimension of their employability, students increasingly see the need to add value to them in order to gain an advantage in the labour market. 相似文献
18.
Luciana Benincasa 《Educational studies》1998,24(1):33-44
The study, carried out in a Greek provincial town, focuses on the cultural meaning of university education and of participation in the extremely competitive entrance examinations to university. In spite of graduate unemployment, in relation to the labour market a university degree is seen as giving more possibilities. Also, the transition to university and the degree that follows are rewarded by the community with prestige and status. Moreover, gaining admission is also important in itself in relation to the individual's wish to achieve something with herlhis own strength. Finally, taking part in the examinations is seen as being of the utmost importance in relation to the local values. Regardless of the outcome, it allows the participants to realize a particular set of values among which the ‘duty to struggle’ seems to occupy, for historical reasons, a central place. 相似文献
19.
This paper examines the effects of grades from higher education on labour market outcomes. Economic theory predicts that grades are rewarded in the labour market because employers regard them as an expression of valuable skills or a signal of other sought after attributes. Social closure, however, may give reason to expect no effects. Whether good grades are rewarded in the labour market is thus uncertain. This paper addresses this question by examining whether employers tend to reward good grades in the form of employment and higher income. Previous research has demonstrated that the returns to education vary according to structural–institutional labour market settings. We examined the interaction effects between grades and field-specific characteristics and between grades and sector by analysing data on all graduates in these educational programmes at Norwegian universities and university colleges from 1990 through 2006. The education data are linked with multiple other data sources such as the national tax register and the national employment register. We find that good grades have positive effects on both income and employment and that these effects are influenced by both the type of education and sector. 相似文献
20.
Gary N. Marks 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(8):868-880
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of university and vocational education, and other influences on a variety of labour market outcomes for Australian youths aged between 16 and 25. The six labour market outcomes investigated are: occupational status, hourly and weekly earnings, employment, unemployment and full-time work. The study finds that a bachelor’s degree has clear positive effects on each of these youth labour market outcomes, in contrast to vocational qualifications. Among men, vocational qualifications show no sizable positive effects on these outcomes. Among women, the higher-level vocational diploma is beneficial for employment and unemployment. In no instance are the positive effects of vocational education stronger than that for a bachelor’s degree. Many of these labour market outcomes are strongly associated with prior experiences of employment and unemployment. The findings suggest that policies, rather than focusing on expanding and reforming vocational education, should aim to ensure that young people quickly secure employment, preferably full-time, and avoid unemployment. 相似文献