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在培智教育中,学生是一群特殊的受教育群体,其认知能力低下,语文教学运用信息技术则能够为其提供生动、形象、直观的感官刺激,能够将教学内容通过文字、图像、声音等形式展现出来,激发学生的学习兴趣,给培智语文教学课堂带来生机,增强学生的求知欲望与思维能力。如何加强信息技术在培智学校语文教学中的有效运用,是培智学校语文教学面对的重要课题。信息技术教学运用的意义丰富语文学习情境,激发学生的学习兴趣在培智学校的语文教学中, 相似文献
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培智信息技术课程没有配套的国家标准教材,教师应该以培智学校义务教育课程标准为依据,依托校本教材探索合适的教学方法。在培智信息技术课堂中应用项目式教学有较大优势。本文以“微信短视频”教学为例,通过创设情境、提出问题、学情准备、课堂实施、课后拓展五个微项目设计环节,全景式地展示培智信息技术课堂的项目式教学设计思路,对各关键... 相似文献
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高效课堂、高效教学,一直都是每位老师的追求目标。在培智教育的课堂中,让培智学生在考试中取得好成绩并不是教育教学的唯一目的,我们更要注重让他们在生活中学习、应用数学知识的能力。只有让学生能从生活化的数学情境中学习数学知识并且将知识再运用到生活中去,这才真正达到了教学目的,实现了教学的高效陛。那么,在培智学校,如何构建高效数学课堂教学呢？下面结合自己的教学实践,谈谈高效教学的几条途径： 相似文献
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希沃白板以其独特的交互性、及时反馈及移动授课等优势现已成为中小学课堂信息化教学的重要手段。在培智学校课堂教学中有效使用希沃白板,探索信息技术与培智学校课堂教学合理有效深度整合的途径,有利于促进培智学生各项潜能的发挥,实现培智学校课堂教学从静到动的教学模式转变,落实特殊教育新课标。 相似文献
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田艳萍 《读与写:教育教学刊》2021,(11)
在培智高年级语文课堂教学中应用图形组织者时,应以教材为依据,适当选择;以学生为中心,精心设计;以课堂为阵地,灵活运用。教师适时、适度使用图形组织者,能够有效提高高年级特殊学生语文学习的效果,提高培智高年级语文课堂教学的效率。 相似文献
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柴珠熔 《读与写:教育教学刊》2022,(5)
随着现代信息技术的发展,多媒体在课堂教学中已经得到了广泛的应用,在培智课堂中也有了重要的地位,PPT 的使用已成为培智课堂的必备辅助手段。对于培智学生来说,教师过多的语言讲解不如信息技术的生动演示有效。本文将从培智生活数学的学科特点、培智学生的心理特点出发,谈谈笔者在培智《生活数学》教学中的一些体会。 相似文献
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翻转课堂作为新兴教学模式广泛应用于培智学校教学中很有必要。当前由于培智学校学生的特殊性以及差异性大的特点,传统教学模式不能全方位满足培智课堂新发展要求,分层教学落地难,作业的评价与实践结合不够紧密,家校合作无法真正形成合力。因此,需要重新建构智障学生学习流程,实施翻转课堂教学模式,进而在家校紧密配合中落实分层教学与个别教育深度结合,实现作业设计个性化,建立培智学校教学评价的新机制。 相似文献
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培智教育是我国特殊教育的重要研究课题。影响培智课堂教学质量的主要因素有:入学测试不够科学,培智教材使用不统一,课堂组织教学困难,教师专业知识缺乏。以课堂教学为主阵地,灵活处理教材、实施分层教学、营造和谐气氛、调整课堂结构、强化组织教学、勤于反思提高,能有效提高培智课堂教学质量。 相似文献
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正强化是塑造和矫正幼儿行为的基本方式之一,也是提高幼儿教育质量的重要手段.在当前幼儿教育中,由于把正强化简单等同于物质奖励,漠视了幼儿对正强化物的认可度,而且过于强调正强化的使用频率,忽视了正强化的实效性,加之对正强化缺乏正确价值取向的适度引领,导致正强化难以达到幼儿教育的预期效果.有效的正强化应该在明确正强化定位的基础上,采用科学的、多样化的正强化物,注重正强化的针对性和适度性,并加强正确价值取向的适度引领. 相似文献
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Frances K. McSweeney 《Learning & behavior》1977,5(1):110-114
Four pigeons pecked for food reinforcers delivered by several two-key concurrent schedules. The sum of the rates of reinforcement provided by the component schedules varied from 25 to 300 reinforcers/h. The ratio of the rates of reinforcement remained constant at 1:4. The sum of the rates of responding generated by the component schedules increased with increases in the sum of the rates of reinforcement which the components provided. The increase in response rate was predicted by equations proposed by Catania (1963) and by Herrnstein (1970). But the data conformed more closely to Herrnstein’s equation. 相似文献
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Although an arbitrarily specified instrumental response may persist when free reinforcers are concurrently available, the interpretation that earned reinforcers are preferred is tenuous. The present advance-response procedure used both time allocation and advance response rates as indices of preference between free and earned water in rats. When multiple schedule components were two response-dependent schedules with different overall reinforcement rates, higher rates of reinforcement were preferred. However, when the multiple schedule consisted of response-dependent and response-independent components equated for overall rates of reinforcement, no consistent preference for free or earned reinforcers was evident. That a preference for free reinforcers was not obtained is difficult to reconcile with concepts of least effort. 相似文献
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James E. Mazur 《Learning & behavior》1997,25(2):131-147
The hyperbolic-decay model is a mathematical expression of the relation between delay and reinforcer value. The model has been used to predict choices in discrete-trial experiments on delay-amount tradeoffs, on preference for variable over fixed delays, and on probabilistic reinforcement. Experiments manipulating the presence or absence of conditioned reinforcers on trials that end without primary reinforcement have provided evidence that the hyperbolic-decay model actually predicts the strength of conditioned reinforcers rather than the strength of delayed primary reinforcers. The model states that the strength of a conditioned reinforcer is inversely related to the time spent in its presence before a primary reinforcer is delivered. A possible way to integrate the model with Grace’s (1994) contextual-choice model for concurrent-chain schedules is presented. Also discussed are unresolved difficulties in determining exactly when a stimulus will or will not serve as a conditioned reinforcer. 相似文献
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Catharine J. Reynolds Spencer J. Salend Cynthia Beahan 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1992,39(1):77-86
WHILE TEACHERS are often the ones who select the objects, events and activities that serve as potential reinforcers in their contingency management systems, research indicates that teachers are not always accurate in their selection of reinforcers that are motivating to their students. This study examined the reinforcement preferences of 110 secondary students with disabilities. Respondents rated 90 potential reinforcers using a three‐point Likert scale. Results indicated that while student preferences represent a range of reinforcers within existing reinforcement hierarchies, the sample group tended to prefer less intrusive higher level reinforcers. Implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Frances K. McSweeney 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(4):444-450
Four pigeons pecked keys and pressed treadles for food reinforcers delivered by several variable-interval schedules of reinforcement. Then the subjects responded on several concurrent schedules. Keypecking produced reinforcers in one component, and treadle-pressing produced reinforcers in the other. The changeover delay, which prevented reinforcement after all switches from one response to the other, was 0, 5, or 20 sec long. An equation proposed by Kerrnstein (1970) described the rates of treadle-pressing and keypecking emitted during the variable-interval schedules. The k parameter of this equation was larger for keypecking than for treadle-pressing. The R0 parameters were not systematically different for the two responses. The rates of keypecking and treadle-pressing emitted during the components of the concurrent schedules correlated with, but were not equal to, the rates of responding predicted by Herrnstein’s equation and the subject’s simple schedule responding. The ratios of the rates of responding emitted during, and the ratios of the time spent responding on, the components of the concurrent schedules conformed to an equation proposed by Baum (1974), but not to Herrnstein’s equation. 相似文献
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A modification of the nonlinear curve-fitting procedure proposed by Wetherington and Lucas (1980) was used to assess how well Herrnstein’s (1970) equation for the rates of responding during concurrent schedules described performance. The equation fitted some results very well, accounting for 80% or more of the variance in the data in studies that used moderate-duration changeover delays and provided the same positive reinforcers, operanda, and simple schedules in the two components. The equation fitted the data poorly in other studies. The k parameter changed with several variables; it was not as constant as Herrnstein (1974) suggested. R0 did not fit Herrnstein’s interpretation as reinforcement from unprogrammed sources. Forty percent of all values of R0 were negative, and another 23% were unreasonably large (greater than 50 reinforcers/h). The data suggest that Herrnstein’s equation is not a general theory of concurrent-schedule responding, and that Herrnstein’s interpretation of k and R0 should be modified. 相似文献
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Qualitatively different reinforcers and parameters of Herrnstein’s (1970) response-strength equation
Terry W. Belke 《Learning & behavior》1998,26(3):235-242
Previous research that compared the estimated parameters (i.e.,k andR e) from Herrnstein’s (1970) hyperbolic matching law equation within the same individuals responding for qualitatively different consummatory reinforcers (i.e., water and sucrose solution) found similar asymptotic response rates (k). The present study compared these parameters within subjects responding on levers for consummatory and nonconsummatory reinforcers. Male Wistar rats responded on a lever in a running wheel on a series of tandem FR 1 VI schedules for either 0.1 ml of a 15% sucrose solution or the opportunity to run for 15 sec. Herrnstein’s hyperbola was fit to response and reinforcement rates from each session. Results showed thatk values were significantly higher for sucrose than for wheel-running reinforcement. On average,R e was lower for sucrose than for wheel-running reinforcement, though not significantly lower. The results of the present study appear to violate the assumption of the constancy ofk in Herrnstein’s matching law analysis. 相似文献
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The acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of autoshaped responding in pigeons were studied under partial and continuous reinforcement. Five values of probability of reinforcement, ranging from .1 to 1.0, were combined factorially with five values of intertrial interval ranging from 15 to 250 sec for different groups. The number of trials required before autoshaped responding emerged varied inversely with the duration of the intertriai interval and probability of reinforcment, but partial reinforcement did not increase the number of reinforcers before acquisition. During maintained training, partial reinforcement increased the overall rate of responding. A temporal gradient of accelerated responding over the trial duration emerged during maintenance training for partial reinforcement groups, and was evident for all groups in extinction. Partial reinforcement groups responded more than continuous reinforcement groups over an equivalent number of trials in extinction. However, this partial-reinforcment extinction effect disappeared when examined in terms of the omission of “expected” reinforcers. 相似文献