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1.
Allan Harvey 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):375-375
This paper reports on research into two teachers' views and practices about assessment at the classroom level. Emphasis was
given to practical work and its assessment. Findings suggest it is unhelpful to define practical work as distinct from other
activities in the science classroom. Various methods used for assessing activity within the participant teachers' classrooms
are described. The participant teachers were found to be primarily concerned about issues of ‘fairness’: task validity, reliability
of assessment based on co-operative work and assessment of the affective domain. The place of teacher intuition in assessment
is raised and briefly discussed. Directions for the ongoing research are foreshadowed.
Specializations: science education, technology education, assessment and curriculum development. 相似文献
2.
Towards a theoretical basis for students' alternative frameworks in science and for science teaching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dr Brian L. Jones Professor Kevin F. Collis Dr Jane M. Watson 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):126-135
As there is nothing as practical as a good theory, there is a continuing need in the field of science education enquiry to
look for theories which help to interpret the findings about students' alternative frameworks and to inform the design of
teaching strategies which relate to a research focus on ‘how the student learns’. The developmental model of cognitive functioning
based on the SOLO Taxonomy (Biggs & Collis, 1982) as updated in 1991 (Biggs & Collis, 1991; Collis & Biggs, 1991) is being
applied in this way. Questionnaire data from two large studies of science learning of Australian students (conducted by ACER
and NBEET) are being re-analysed in terms of the current theory. This paper illustrates the theory and describes a plan of
further research.
Specializations: science education, students' understandings of phenomena in science.
Specializations: cognitive development, evaluation, mathematics and science education.
Specializations: mathematics education, students' understanding of chance and data concepts. 相似文献
3.
Julia Atkin 《Research in Science Education》1984,14(1):223-229
Concluding comments An an ‘action research’ project, science curriculum development at St Columba's is ongoing as is the total school curriculum
development. An outline of the development in science has been presented here to:invite comment from science educators in order to help define future directions in curriculum development; tostimulate further research in the area of curriculum development for a ‘Science for All’, and tostimulate debate about what school science, especially junior secondary science, should be. 相似文献
4.
MS Ruth Coulson 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):101-105
The attitude towards science of first year early childhood education students was explored using an instrument developed for
the purpose. The instrument comprises four Likert-type scales, biographical items and two open-ended attitude items. The four
scales, characterised as ‘confidence’, ‘enjoyment’, ‘usefulness’ and ‘appropriateness of science for young children’, were
supported by varimax factor analysis and had reliabilities from 0.83 to 0.88. Use of the combined scales as a general ‘attitude
towards science’ scale was supported by principal components analysis; reliability for the combined scale was 0.94. Comments
made in response to the open-ended items supported the validity of the scales. For the student group as a whole, mean scores
on all scales were slightly to moderately positive, with the highest mean being for the ‘science for young children’ scale.
Students who had studied at least one science subject at Year 12 level had significantly higher scores on all scales than
students who had not studied science at senior level.
Australia.Specializations: early childhood science education, biological aspects of child development, conservation biology of gulls. 相似文献
5.
Vicki Mather 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):226-235
One of the requirements of the New Zealand Curriculum Framework (Ministry of Education, 1993a) is that all curricula developed
in New Zealand must be gender inclusive. Developers of the recently released science curriculum, and the draft technology
curriculum, have responded to this requirement in different ways. In this paper I discuss a theorisation of the term ‘gender
inclusive’ within national curriculum development generally, and explore and analyse these different responses within the
specific context of the science and technology curriculum developments. Particular emphasis is placed on the historical difference
between science education and technology education in New Zealand schools, and on the impact theoretical discourses have on
the way in which terms such as ‘gender inclusive curricula’ are conceptualised, and viewed as appropriate, or not, for specific
purposes.
Specializations: feminist theory, science education, technology education, technology curriculum development. 相似文献
6.
Unattended science and technology exhibits of both static and operational types have been an integral part of museum displays
for many years. More recently interactive exhibits in which observers are encouraged to become part of the system of exhibits
have become more common. A study was commenced to explore the impact and potential of low cost, unattended, interactive exhibitsset up singly in a normal school classroom without the distractions of a multiplicity of activities as is common in ‘science museums’. Three small groups of Grade 5/6
primary school children interacted with a ‘Falling Towers’ exhibit and their voluntary activities were recorded on videotape
for later analysis. Children appeared to state the results of their activity in ways consistent with their expectations rather
than with their most recent experience with the exhibit. The responses of girls, boys and mixed groups are reported.
Specializations: primary mathematics and science education, teaching strategies.
Specializations: science education, students' understandings of phenomena in science. 相似文献
7.
Brian Coles 《Research in Science Education》1992,22(1):81-90
Routines are a fundamental aspect of classroom life and much attention in recent years has focused on routines for management.
The concept of ‘behaviour settings’ and transitions between them as classroom routines is explained and exemplified. This
view of routines provides an explanation for the difficulties faced by relieving teachers and student teachers who enter classrooms
at mid year and suggests how new routines for complex science activity may be introduced.
Specializations: Science curriculum science teacher education, teacher 相似文献
8.
Dr. Brian Jones Professor Kevin Collis Dr. Jane Watson Miss Kimberley Foster Dr. Sharon Fraser 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):191-200
Students' conceptions of how objects are seen directly, and in mirrors, were explored in an analysis of their written and
drawn responses to common visual phenomena depicted in cartoons with brief text. Students in Grades K-10 (n=214) completed
a questionnaire and some were interviewed. Evidence was sought to support an hypothesis for increasingly sophisticated responses
related to the concepts of sight, light, reflection and image. The developmental model used in this analysis was the updated
SOLO Taxonomy (Biggs & Collis, 1991; Collis & Biggs 1991). It appears from the results that different modes of functioning
can interfere to produce factually incorrect recollections of experience particularly in the age group 7 to 13 years approximately.
Also, this is associated with the common spurious conception that mirrors have a lateral inversion property. Explanations
involving light were extremely rare and its role related to the production of an image ‘in the mirror’ but not to the perception
of an image in the eyes.
Specializations: science education, students' understandings of phenomena in science.
Specializations: cognitive development, evaluation, mathematics and science education.
Specializations: mathematics education, students' understanding of chance and data concepts. 相似文献
9.
10.
Brian L. Jones 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):161-170
The term ‘concept’ is used in different ways within educational literature and has at least two different, although related,
referents in relation to science knowledge, namely, public knowledge and private understandings. A taxonomic structure for
‘science concepts’ (public knowledge) has been developed to provide a rationale for the choice of phenomena to be used in
the investigation of students’ ‘concepts’ and also to act as a frame of reference for generating insights about the data to
be collected. Furthermore, it may be a useful heuristic to predict other science concepts likely to be highly problematic
in school teaching situations and thus worthy of detailed research. The taxonomy, called a ‘Scale of Empirical Distance’ (SED),
enables science concepts to be mapped according to their degree of closeness to concrete realities. The scale shows a recognition
of the empirical basis of science concepts and the role of human senses in the perception of the material world even though
“absolute objectivity of observation is not a possible ideal of science” as Harre (1972) has noted. The scale uses two binary
variables, namely, ‘visual’ and ‘tactile’, to generate four categories of science concepts ranging on a continuum from concrete
to abstract. Some concepts related to ‘matter’ will be classified and discussed.
Specializations: science teacher education, primary science curriculum and methods, students’ personal meanings of phenomena. 相似文献
11.
Dr J. R. Baird Associate Professor R. F. Gunstone Mr C. Penna Professor P. J. Fensham Professor R. T. White 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):11-20
This paper is based on findings from a three year collaborative action research project on classroom teaching and learning.
The research, which involved 33 teachers, over two thousand students from six schools, and the authors, centred on exploring
how various features of the classroom context influence teaching and learning processes. We interpret project findings as
indicating the importance of balance between cognition and affect for effective teaching and learning. We advance the notion
of challenge as a way of conceptualising this balance. Challenge comprises a cognitive/metacognitivedemand component and an affectiveinterest component. Nine major features of a teaching/learning event were found to interact to influence these cognitive and affective
components of challenge.
Specializations: Collaborative research on science teaching and learning; staff development and school improvement; quality of science education.
Specializations: Learning and teaching science; pre-service teacher education.
Specializations: teacher development in science education; technology education.
Specializations: Science and teachnology curriculum, environmental education, educational disadvantage.
Specializations: learning theory, probing of understanding, conceptual change. 相似文献
12.
This research was carried out over a period of ten months with children in Grades 2 and 3 (aged 7 and 8) who were participating
in a sequence of technology activities. Since the introduction into Victorian primary schools ofThe Technology Studies Framework P-10 (Crawford, 1988), more teachers are including technology studies in their classrooms and by so doing may assist children's
understanding of science concepts. Children are being exposed to science phenomena related to the technology activities and
Technology Studies may be a way of providing children with science experiences. ‘Technology Studies’ in this context refers
to children carrying out practical problem solving tasks which can be completed without any particular scientific knowledge.
Participation in the technology activities may encourage children to become actively involved, thereby facilitating an exploration
of the related science concepts. The project identified the importance of challenge in relation to the children's involvement
in the technology activities and the conference paper (available from the first author) discusses particular topics in terms
of the balance between cognitive/metacognitive and affective influences (Baird et al., 1990)
Specializations: science and technology education, interest and attitudinal change.
Specialization: technology in the primary school. 相似文献
13.
Dr Tim Hardy Ms Margaret Bearlin Dr Valda Kirkwood 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):142-151
The aim of the Primary and Early Childhood Science and Technology Education Project (PECSTEP) is to improve teaching and learning
in science and technology of by increasing the number of early childhood and primary teachers who are effective educators.
PECSTEP is based on an interactive model of teaching and systematically links work on gender with the learning and teaching
of science and technology. The project involves: a year-long inservice program which includes the development of a science
curriculum unit by teachers in their schools; linking of the preservice and inservice programs; and the development of support
networks for teachers. Each phase of PECSTEP has been researched by means of surveys, interviews and the use of diaries. Research
questions have focussed particularly on changes in: teachers’ and student teachers’ attitudes to teaching science and technology;
their perceptions of science and technology; their perceptions of their students’ responses and their understandings of how
gender relates to these areas.
Specializations: primary science curriculum, science teacher education, sociology of science, technology and education.
Specializations: gender and science/science teacher education, feminist theory, curriculum theory.
Specializations: Science education research, curriculum development. 相似文献
14.
Colin Webb 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):327-336
This study examines teacher perceptions regarding professional development practices used in a region of the NSW Department
of School Education to support the implementation of the K-6 Science and Technology Syllabus. The findings from a survey of
97 teachers indicate that teachers have a preference for ‘traditional’ models of in-service which may not bring about significant
changes. Teachers also perceive that change is brought about through the influence of external factors such as in-service
and resources which are not directly the responsibillity of individual teachers. This contrasts with the perception that the
inability to change is due to internal personal qualities.
Specializations; K-6 teacher education in science and technology education, children's learning in science and technology. 相似文献
15.
Russell Tytler 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):338-347
A study of primary school children's explanations of a range of phenomena concerning air pressure revealed considerable fluidity
in their use of conceptions. A measure of consistency was developed and applied to children's written and oral explanations
in a range of contexts. While the results showed a general trend with age toward more abstract, ‘generalizable’ conceptions,
the notion of parsimony was found to be problematic on a number of levels. Children do not apply a single conception to a
phenomenon, but rather operate with multiple conceptions in their explanations, complicating the whole notion of consistency.
Moreover, as they develop and apply more advanced conceptions, children inevitably display temporary reductions in consistency.
These findings suggest a rather more complex model of conceptual advance than implied in the literature on ‘conceptual change’.
Specializations: children's science explanations, conceptual change, primary science teacher education, physics education. 相似文献
16.
Dr Campbell J. McRobbie Dr Geoffrey J. Giddings Dr Barry J. Fraser 《Research in Science Education》1990,20(1):200-209
Existing instruments for assessing student or teacher perceptions of characteristics of actual or preferred classroom psychosocial
environment are unsuitable for one of the most important settings in science teaching, namely, the science laboratory class.
Consequently, the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI), was designed to assess student or teacher perceptions of
seven scales:Teacher Supportiveness, Student Cohesiveness, Open-Endedness, Integration, Organization, Rule Clarity andMaterial Environment. An important feature of the design of the study was that the new instrument was field tested simultaneously in six countries:
Australia, USA, Canada, England, Nigeria and Israel. This paper is based on a sample of 4643 students in 225 individual laboratory
classes, together with the teachers of most of these classes. Preliminary analyses were used to shed light on various important
research questions including the differences between Actual and Preferred environments, gender differences in perceptions
of Actual and Preferred environment, the relationship between the science laboratory environment and attitude towards science
laboratory work, differences between school and university laboratory classes, differences between teachers’ and students’
perceptions of the same laboratory classes, and differences between laboratory classes in different science subjects (Physics,
Chemistry, Biology).
Specializations: Science education, educational evaluation.
Specializations: Curriculum, science education, science laboratory teaching.
Specializations: Learning environments, science education, educational evaluation, curriculum. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Lynda J. Creedy 《Research in Science Education》1994,24(1):366-367
Conclusion Teaching needs to be studied in context, as a whole. This approach would require the student to spend much time in classrooms
and in reflection. The STF is a learning environment which while not replacing actual teaching experience, can support that
experience and allow students to maximise the benefit of the time they do have in the classroom. Students can learn about
instructional strategies in a classroom context, tapping into an experienced teacher's knowledge and experience. The motivation
for creating the STF was not to ‘teach’ the students the ‘correct’ strategies to use in the classroom, but to support them
in constructing and testing their own understanding of the instructional strategies in a classroom context.
The next phase of the project will be trials of the STF with pre-service primary teaching students. A copy of the prototype
will be installed at Newling Primary School so that the teachers there can become familiar with the project and offer comment.
After this exposure to the concept, a survey will be conducted to determine the structure and content of an STF which would
support in-service training.
Specializations science education, senior secondary students' understanding of biological concepts, applications of multimedia. 相似文献
18.
Kuhn (1989) has argued that at the heart of the ability to reason scientifically is the process of differentiating existing
mental models (i.e. theory) from new data. In this regard she has proposed a developmental sequence in which, in the early
stages, theory and data are fully integrated and are used interchangeably. Later, when theory and data are compatible, they
tend to be moulded together as ‘the way things are’, but when they are incompatible conflict is avoided by the use of strategies
which bring the two into line: these strategies often include selective attention to the data. Only at the upper levels of
this developmental spectrum are theory and data conscientiously differentiated, with each being used to reflect on the other.
This paper analyses the responses made by Year 11 students to problems which required them to evaluate a prediction based
on some provided data. The problems were set in two contexts, one scientific and one social, and the predictions to be evaluated
combined plausibility/implausibility and validity/invalidity.
The response patterns were very similar to those described by Kuhn, and the implications of this for teachers, especially
those attempting to use conflict based teaching approaches, are developed.
Specializations: science teacher education, scientific problem solving, changing students’ alternative conceptions.
Specializations: psychological theories applied to science education. 相似文献
19.
John C Happs 《Research in Science Education》1991,21(1):171-177
The widespread public acceptance of many paranormal and pseudoscientific claims should be of some concern to science educators
who are striving to produce a scientifically literate community. There is ample evidence to show that students at all levels
of our education system believe in aspects of pseudoscience based on claims and assumptions that are in conflict with accumulated
scientific knowledge and a rigorous methodology. A survey was designed to assess primary and secondary science teacher-trainees'
views. Afterwards 60 students were introduced to the notion of a ‘fair test’ and what constitutes ‘evidence’. Demonstrations
of psychic powers were provided and a video shown of professional water-diviners repeatedly failing to locate water under
controlled conditions. A re-survey, 3 months later, indicated a rejection of many prior beliefs. However, almost half of the
group retained their beliefs in miracles and E.S.P. whilst more than 40% retained their belief in visitors from outer space
and that the solar system was created by a supernatural force.
Specializations: misconceptions, conceptual change, earth sciences education. 相似文献
20.
This paper reports an investigation into gender, ethnicity and rurality on Fijian students’ perceptions of science. A questionnaire
was administered to a large sample of Form 5 classes. All students had completed a four year integrated "Basic Science" course
in the junior secondary school and were continuing their studies in the upper secondary school. The responses were analysed
to determine the significance of gender, ethnicity and rurality on the students’ perceptions of science, attitudes to science
in the world and to science in the school curriculum.
Specializations: gender issues and affective aspects of science and technology education.
Specializations: Constructivism in science education, development education and gender issues. 相似文献