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1.
The perceptions of 135 teachers of elementary, secondary, and mentally retarded students on the competency and interpersonal skill characteristics of teachers within their teacher subgroup and toward the two other subgroups were assessed by a semantic differential instrument. Two-factor (3×3) analysis of variance indicated that teachers of mentally retarded students and teachers of elementary students were rated higher than secondary teachers on the Competency and Interpersonal scales. Teachers of mentally retarded students were rated higher than elementary teachers on the Interpersonal scale. Professional self-esteem of teachers and its implications for school psychologists was discussed in light of these findings, and additional research was urged to determine the generalizability of the results. 相似文献
2.
Angeliki Leondari 《Educational studies》1993,19(3):357-371
Self‐concept ratings of normally and low achieving students in regular classes were compared with those of children facing academic difficulties and attending special education classes. Children's perceptions of scholastic competence and feelings of global self‐worth were measured using the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1982). Participants in the study were 424 children enrolled in the third to sixth primary school grades. Results indicated that special class children rated themselves more negatively than their normally achieving peers on both academic self‐concept and global self‐worth. They also rated themselves more negatively than their low achieving peers on academic self‐concept; no differences existed between these two groups on global self‐worth. The results are discussed in the light of the nature of the Greed educational system and the pressure put on children for academic excellence. 相似文献
3.
Grant McConnell 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(3):33-34
Abstract This study investigated the effects of instruction in environmental education on the attitudes of elementary school children toward the environment. One class of third graders was provided with two hours of environmental education instruction. A comparable class of third graders served as a control group. Both classes were pre- and posttested using an author-designed environmental attitude questionnaire. Analyses of these data showed that 1) the experimental group had significantly improved attitudes on a pre-post basis and 2) this same group had significantly more positive attitudes toward the environment when compared with the control group. When tested again as fifth graders, the experimental group remained significantly more positive toward the environment than the fifth grade control group. 相似文献
4.
5.
James H. McMillan 《Psychology in the schools》1980,17(1):123-127
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of instructional procedures differing in degree of student control on achievement and attitudes of pupils identified as having an internal or external locus of control. Two sixth-grade classes (N=47) were divided into internal and external locus of control groups. Half of the internals and externals in each class were randomly assigned a structured instructional procedure and half assigned a contract procedure. A two-week unit on nutrition was taught to all students, using a structured or contract method. There were no significant differences in achievement among any of the groups. However, the internal-contract group seemed to show a more positive attitude toward the unit than did the other three groups. These results suggest that instructional procedure may not differentially affect achievement of internal and external sixth graders over a short period, but that attitudes toward instruction may be affected. 相似文献
6.
《Early education and development》2013,24(2):169-180
The purpose of the current study was to examine children's reasoning about mixed-domain events containing both conventional and moral Components (i.e., violating a conventional rule and negatively affecting others). The participants were preschoolers, first graders, and third graders (N = 100). Children evaluated (a) the legitimacy of an authority to permit mixed-domain acts to occur, and (b) the acceptability of the mixed-domain events when permitted and prohibited by an authority. In addition, children rated the seriousness of mixed-domain rule violations. Results showed that children with increasing age were able to identify the moral components of the mixed-domain events and combined moral and conventional issues in their reasoning about the events. Preschoolers and first graders were more likely than third graders to view the mixed-domain acts as only conventional. 相似文献
7.
The study investigated the relationship between the attitudes of educators to exceptional children and the amount of contact with such children, knowledge about them, and the demographic variables: sex; age; and teaching experience of the respondents. A Semantic Differential technique was used and ten scales were rated over four concepts: physically handicapped children; emotionally disturbed children; mentally retarded children; speech impaired children. Attitude, represented by factor scores on a ‘social acceptability’ dimension, was correlated with the independent variables and produced low (r<.30) and inconsistent coefficients. An analysis of variance of the means of the ten scales over the four concepts indicated a more negative evaluation of the concept representing emotionally disturbed children than of the other three concepts. The evaluations were made in response to disability labels, and the results point to the need for further empirical research into the effects of labelling children on the attitudes of educators. 相似文献
8.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(6):329-334
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of listening to excerpts from children's stories about Mexican-Americans upon 1) attitudes toward Mexican-Americans, 2) self-concepts, and 3) reading interests. The sample consisted of 220 sixth graders who were classified by sex and ethnicity and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Once weekly for six weeks, children heard story excerpts and responded to the Interest Questionnaire. After six weeks, children were given an ethnic attitude measure and a selfesteem inventory. ANOVA results revealed that treatment promoted positive ethnic attitudes inconsistently and had no significant effect upon self-concept or interest scores. 相似文献
9.
While science classes are believed to be interactive learning environments, offering varied ways for students to learn, some experts believe that learning disabled (LD) students should be monitored closely in such settings because of difficulties adjusting to the social, behavioral, and academic demands. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether LD fourth and sixth graders show difficulties adjusting to the demands of their mainstream science classes and to investigate two means of assessing LD students’ functioning in these classes: paired questionnaires for teachers and students and a science curriculum-based assessment (CBA). Subjects include 31 fourth graders (9 LD) and 38 sixth graders (13 LD). Results show that the LD students had significant weaknesses on some subtests of the science CBA relative to their peers; additionally, they rated themselves and were rated by their teachers significantly more negatively than their Non-LD peers. These results suggest the potential value of monitoring LD students in mainstream science classes. Case studies of LD students reveal mismatches in the perception of the student and teacher regarding the student’s adjustment and classroom habits. Examination of these case studies is used to suggest ways in which the collaboration of student and teacher as well as regular and special education teachers might aid the student. 相似文献
10.
R. B. Toma I. M. Greca M. L. Orozco Gómez 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2013,31(4):492-515
Background: There is a growing interest in investigating attitudes towards science and views of Nature of Science among elementary grade students in terms of gender, cultural backgrounds, and grade level variables.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes toward science and views of Nature of Science among Spanish students, Spanish students of gypsy ethnicity and second-generation Spanish students with east-European heritage, and to determine if their attitudes are related to their views of Nature of Science.Sample: Data for this study was gathered from seven elementary schools in Spain, forming a convenience sample of 149 students enrolled from 2nd to 5th grade.Design and Methods: The Nature of Science Instrument (NOSI) and an adaptation of the Test of Science Related Attitudes scale (TOSRA) were used. Follow-up structured interviews were performed with 15 participants.Results: Regarding gender, boys had better attitudes toward Science than girls but more naïve views of the empirical Nature of Science. In relation to cultural background, second generation Spanish students with east-European heritage reported significantly better attitudes toward Science than Spanish students and Spanish students of gypsy ethnicity. No differences in Nature of Science views were found. Concerning grade level, third graders had more positive attitudes toward Science than fifth and sixth graders and more informed views of the tentative Nature of Science. Finally, no relation between Nature of Science views and attitudes towards Science were identified.Conclusion: This study stress the need to address the steady decline in positive attitude toward Science and to improve students’ views of Nature of Science from early elementary grades, and to use gender and culturally inclusive science teaching strategies. 相似文献
11.
普小学生对随班就读弱智生接纳态度的研究 总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5
普通班学生对随班就读残疾儿童的接纳态度是影响随班就读成效的一个重要的因素。本研究通过问卷调查 ,对普小学生接纳随班就读弱智生的态度状况进行了研究 ,结果发现 ,当前普小学生对弱智生普遍持排斥、不接纳态度 ;相比较而言 ,非随读班学生比随读班学生的态度积极。文章进一步探讨了影响接纳态度的因素 ,结果表明 ,普小学生的性别因素、普小学生以前与弱智生接触程度对接纳态度有显著影响 ;普小学生的年级因素对接纳态度影响不大 ,地域因素对接纳态度没有影响 相似文献
12.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):232-233
AbstractAttitudes toward school subjects were explored in a group of sixth graders. First, correlations were obtained between ratings of school subjects on the Semantic Differential (SD) and scores on corresponding subtests of the SRA Achievement Series. Significant positive correlations (p < .01) were observed for boys in social studies, arithmetic, and reading and for girls in reading. Second, achievement at the end of the year was predicted from IQ, achievement and SD scores at the beginning of the year. SD ratings contributed significantly to predictions only in the case of arithmetic for boys (p < .01). Third, SD ratings of school subjects at the beginning and end of the year were compared by an anlysis of variance procedure. For both boys and girls, attitudes were significantly less favorable for most subjects at the end of the year. 相似文献
13.
This investigation examined the effects of deviancy labels on teachers' expectations of child behavior and their ability to evaluate child behavior objectively. One hundred elementary school teachers were randomly assigned to one of four label groups. Each group dealt with one label (emotionally disturbed, learning disabled, mentally retarded, normal), and each group participated in two separate treatment phases. During Phase I teachers identified behaviors they expected to be displayed by hypothetical children characteristic of the label condition. They were asked to complete a referral form for either a hypothetical normal, mentally retarded, learning disabled, or emotionally disturbed child. During Phase II, each group saw the same videotape of a normal fourth grade boy and completed a second referral form based on the behaviors displayed during this presentation. Experimental procedures were identical for the four groups, except each group was told the child was a member of a different category.Results indicated that teachers hold negative expectancies toward children categorized with a deviancy label and maintain expectancies even when confronted with normal behavior, behavior inconsistent with the stated label. Maintenance of this bias is sufficient to cause teachers to misinterpret actual child behavior, resulting in a halo effect. Results further indicated that the label of educable mentally retarded generated a greater degree of negative bias than did the labels learning disabled or emotionally disturbed, although all three deviancy labels produced negative expectancies and halo effects significantly different from those found under control conditions. 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze data on sexual differences in secondary school students' attitudes towards science. Attitudinal differences were also analyzed for the independent variables of science programs and grade levels. Data were collected from 988 students using a modified version of the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitude Scales to represent attitudes toward science. Reliabilities of the modified science subscales were all high ( > 0.83). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the data for the main and interaction effects of the independent variables of sex (male, female), grade level (10th, 11th, 12th), and science program (advanced placement, academic, general, terminal). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were indicated for all main effects (sex, grade, science program). Interaction effects were not found. Mean separations for the various levels of sex, grade, and science program were performed for all attitudinal subscales. Females evidenced a significantly more positive attitude (p ? 0.01) than males on three subscales: Attitude Toward Success in Science Scale, Science as a Male Domain Scale, and Teacher Scale. Although not significant, males evidenced more positive attitudes on all the remaining five subscales. Eleventh graders evidenced significantly more positive attitudes than tenth graders on all but the Effectance Motivation Scale. Students in 11th grade had more positive attitudes than 12th-grade students on all scales but Science as a Male Domain Scale; however, these differences were not significant. Tenth graders differed significantly from 12th graders on three subscales; Science Usefulness Scale, Confidence in Learning Science Scale, and Teacher Scale. Positive attitudes decreased from advanced placement to terminal programs. Academic students did not differ significantly from general students except on the Father Scale; however, they were significantly different (more positive) from the terminal students for all subscales. General students were also significantly different from terminal students except on the three subscales of Attitudes Toward Success in Science, Science as a Male Domain, and Effectance Motivation. 相似文献
15.
Linda K. Swindell Sarah E. Peterson Rebecca Greenway 《Contemporary educational psychology》1992,17(4)
The main purpose of the present study was to extend a model of instructional feedback (Kulhavy & Stock, 1989) to elementary school children. Forty-five third and fifth graders (third graders, N = 21; fifth graders, N = 24) read text passages, answered questions, and either rated response confidences for each question or used an imagery strategy. Although differences were not found between treatment groups, analyses of response patterns revealed differential age effects. Response patterns for fifth graders were similar to those of college populations; however, these patterns did not emerge for third graders. 相似文献
16.
The claim that large doses of vitamin-mineral supplements benefit mentally retarded children has captured the attention of the general public and the medical profession. A study by Harrell, Capp, Davis, Pearless, and Ravitz (1981) reported increases in IQ and improvements in behavior among mentally retarded subjects (one third of whom were children with Down syndrome) receiving nutritional supplementation. However, subsequent studies, focusing exclusively on children with Down syndrome and using less flawed research designs, have demonstrated that vitamin therapy is not useful for members of this population. 相似文献
17.
Steven M. Ross Lana S. Smith Gary R. Morrison 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1991,39(4):33-46
This evaluation study examined the school achievement and adjustment by at-risk students one year following their participation
as fifth and sixth graders in computer-intensive classrooms using the Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow (ACOT) program. Comparisons
between the former ACOT subjects and a matched control group who had attended the same elementary school were made on attitudes
toward school, teacher evaluations, grades, computer skills, and standardized test scores. Results showed some advantages
for the ACOT students in the seventh grade, but on most measures they were indistinguishable from the control group. Specifically,
both groups appeared to remain at risk based on their poor performance and relatively poor adjustment. A key factor in interpreting
outcomes for the ACOT group was the limited availability of computers in the seventh grade, which thus restricted their opportunities
to apply or transfer the skills they had learned.
This research was supported by a grant from Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow, Apple Computer, Inc. 相似文献
18.
Reviewed by Robin A. Majeski 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(7):607-608
The purpose of the present study was to investigate attitudes toward old age in an Israeli population, compared with attitudes toward youth and middle age, among individuals representing these same ages. Global concepts “Youth,” “Adult,” and “Old person” were rated in comparison with the “Ideal Person.” Representatives of 62 three‐generation families participated in the study. A semantic differential consisting of 21 bipolar adjective pairs in 7‐point scale format was used to measure attitudes toward the four concepts. Results indicated that the concept “Old Person” was rated lowest in relation to the “Ideal Person,” as a global concept as well as on three cut of four dimensions derived from the global concept. This pattern was found among all three groups of raters, including the elderly themselves. The elderly, however, rated themselves significantly more favorably than did the other groups. 相似文献
19.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):245-249
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the quality of writing of second and sixth graders who were taught by two different writing approaches (whole language and traditional). The writing samples were rated on two separate criteria-quality of content and mastery of mechanics. Three raters evaluated the writing samples, and an analysis of variance was performed to measure differences. The findings were as follows: (a) Second graders who were taught by teachers using the whole language approach produced better writing samples when evaluated on meaning and content, (b) There was no difference in writing samples in the correct use of mechanics of second graders taught by either approach, (c) There was no difference in writing samples of sixth graders taught by either approach. 相似文献
20.
This study evaluated 3 groups of mentally retarded children on a visual discrimination reading readiness task. Ss included 75 mentally retarded persons residing at the Columbus State Institute divided into 5 MA groups ranging from 3 years to 8 years. Three different groups of 25 Ss were matched on CA, MA, and IQ and two of these were paired on perceptual functioning on the basis of Gellner classifications. The third group included 25 Ss diagnosed as having genetic mechanisms. The task consisted of 100 cards of three coloured pictures with two of them being associated. Results showed the minimally handicapped visual group performed higher than the other two groups. MA was highly related to success especially for the highest MA group. Implications of these data are discussed. 相似文献