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《铅对儿童生长发育影响及其预防的系列研究》第一完成人是上海第二医科大学附属新华医院主持工作的副院长、上海儿童医学中心院长沈晓明教授。儿童铅中毒防治有利于提高我国未来人口素质,减少因铅中毒所造成的弱智人口,其研究属儿童保健的新课题——儿童环境医学。该研究通过铅对学龄前儿童及胎儿期铅暴露 相似文献
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鲍超 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2004,21(1):68-68
铅对儿童健康的危害极大,铅中毒已成为影响儿童健康的重要医学问题.急性铅中毒可引起人体的生化和生理功能发生障碍,出现阵发性腹绞痛,并可发生肝大、黄疸、少尿或无尿、循环衰竭.严重者可引起急性铅中毒脑病,出现四肢麻木或肢体瘫痪,甚至呼吸困难,严重时危及生命.慢性铅中毒可引起身体、智力发育障碍或滞后,降低患儿的社会生活能力.因此,早在80年代国外就对儿童铅中毒问题做了大量的研究工作,并投入了大量人力物力以降低儿童血铅值.近年来我国政府、儿童教育专家及社会各界对降低我国儿童血铅水平作出了大量的努力. 相似文献
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铅对儿童健康的危害,近年来日益为人们关注。儿重对铅十分敏感,这是因为铅在小儿肠胃道中较易被吸收,儿重的代谢、解毒和排泄功能成熟较晚,神经系统比较脆弱,铅中毒后的脑病发生率也比成人高。幼儿慢性铅中毒后,往往性情孤僻、忧郁,智力受损,发育迟缓,大多数患儿注意力分散,精神呆滞。铅中毒病儿往往贫血,视觉、听觉、味觉等功能均受到损害。铅侵入幼儿肌体的渠道主要 相似文献
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简单地说,铅中毒就是血液中含过量的铅。世界卫生组织对血铅含量的安全标准是10微克每分升,高于这个标准就属于铅中毒。铅中毒对儿童的智能发展、身体发育均会产生不利影响。儿童摄入的铅主要来自环境。铅多集聚在贴近地面1米左右的大气中,离地面越近,铅的浓度越高,而距地面1米处正好是儿童的呼吸带。因此,儿童从空气中所吸入的铅比成人高数倍。此外,儿童特有的手——口行为也造成儿童较其他人群有更多接触铅的机会。防治儿童铅中毒的重点在于预防。△培养良好的卫生习惯,教育婴幼儿不吸吮手指,不将异物放入口中,进食前必须洗手。家长要经常清洗儿童的玩具和其他一些有可能被孩子放到口中的物品。食品及婴儿的餐具要随时盖好,以免尘土落入。指甲缝是特别容 相似文献
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阿尔茨海默病是一种病因未明确的神经退行性疾病,以老年斑和神经元纤维缠结为主要病理特点。由于目前尚无特效疗法,近年来许多学者和专家都致力于其发病机制和发病原因的研究,认为环境中的某些金属元素如铅、铝、铜等因素与阿尔茨海默病的发生有一定的联系,其中铅中毒成为近期研究热点。同时许多学者也提出了铅与神经毒性、脂质过氧化等都有一定关联。本文就近年来铅中毒与阿尔茨海默病发病机制相关研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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Josephine Brady 《English in Education》2009,43(2):129-147
This study explores an area of writing that has been largely neglected – children’s imaginative writing at home. In an educational climate dominated by the standards agenda and top‐down directive discourses, this study draws inspiration from children who are creating opportunities for writing themselves and are developing agency through their writing at home. The positive approach to reading advocated in Margaret Clark’s (1976) seminal work on ‘young fluent readers’ has been very influential. Rather than reporting what children are unable to do, Clark explored the early experiences and home setting of competent pre‐school readers, posing the question: what can they teach us? Taking this lead, one of the premises of this study is that we should similarly seek to understand the experiences of young competent writers so that we can learn more about children who choose to write of their own volition outside of school. This paper presents the findings of the preliminary phase of an ongoing doctoral study. Drawing on questionnaire data, it specifically focuses upon Year 5 and 6 teachers’ views of children’s imaginative home writing, exploring problems of identification and teachers’ perceptions of their pupils as imaginative writers at home. 相似文献
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Bangladesh has experienced the largest mass poisoning of a population in history owing to contamination of groundwater with naturally occurring inorganic arsenic. Prolonged drinking of such water risks development of diseases and therefore has implications for children's cognitive and psychological development. This study examines the effect of arsenic contamination of tubewells, the primary source of drinking water at home, on the learning outcome of school-going children in rural Bangladesh using recent nationally representative data on secondary school children. We unambiguously find a negative and statistically significant correlation between mathematics scores and arsenic-contaminated drinking tubewells at home, net of the child's socio-economic status, parental background and school specific unobserved correlates of learning. Similar correlations are found for an alternative measure of student achievement and subjective well-being (i.e. self-reported measure of life satisfaction), of the student. We conclude by discussing the policy implication of our findings in the context of the current debate over the adverse effect of arsenic poisoning on children. 相似文献
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为了研究急性铅中毒对小鼠睾丸病理变化的影响,通过对小鼠饲喂含有醋酸铅的去离子水建立铅负荷小鼠模型.处理10 d后取材,分析体质量、睾丸指数和睾丸病理剖检变化.结果显示：与对照组相比,铅中毒组小鼠体质量无明显变化,睾丸指数降低,且差异显著（P＜0.05）;小鼠睾丸中支持细胞、生精细胞和间质细胞数量减少.铅对小鼠睾丸具有显著损害作用,从而影响小鼠的生殖健康. 相似文献
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[目的]了解儿童血铅水平及其影响因素。[方法]采用全血锌原卟啉值测定;问卷调查影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素,并进行多元逐步回归分析。[结果]3621名儿童平均血铅浓度为0.504umol/L。超过0.483umol/L共有1615人,占44.6％,多元逐步回归分析表明饭前不洗手、常玩金属或带油漆的玩具、使用含铅量高的学习和生活用具、常吃含铅量高食品、父母吸烟等因素与儿童血铅水平密切相关。[结论]儿童血铅含量水平与不良的生活习惯及生活环境的铅污染有关,应对影响儿童血铅水平的危险因素进行有效的预防。 相似文献
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This article discusses two investigations which explored the bilingual language development outcomes of comparable groups of low-income, Spanish-speaking, Mexican American children who either did or did not attended a bilingual (Spanish/English) preschool. Study 1 is a replication of a study by Rodríguez, Díaz, Duran, and Espinosa, involving a new sample of 26 children who attended bilingual preschool for one year and 20 control children who remained at home. Study 2 represents a 1-year, longitudinal follow-up of Rodríguez et al.'s, sample of children during and after the children spent another year at home or in the preschool. In both investigations, standardized, objective measures of three components of children's language proficiency (productive language, receptive language, and language complexity) in English and Spanish were obtained at the beginning and end of the academic year. Contrary to fears that have been expressed by some that early exposure to English would lead to children's native language loss, the results of both studies offered no evidence of Spanish proficiency loss for children attending bilingual preschool. Children who attended bilingual preschool, compared to those who remained at home, showed significant and parallel gains in Spanish language development as well as significant and greater increases in English language proficiency over time. Results are discussed in terms of the need for more systematic research to be conducted in this area to inform policy and practice in the early education and development of language-minority children. 相似文献
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Amanda J. Petrie 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1995,41(3-4):285-296
Conclusions In education literature, there is often confusion between compulsory provision of education and compulsory schooling, falsely giving the impression that schooling is compulsory. This is not the case. Home education is permitted in some form or other in all the European countries studied except Germany.Where the alternative of home education is denied to children who are in difficulty, such as very young children of itinerant workers, or children who are school phobic, one has to question whether the good of the individual child is being considered, rather than the ideals or convenience of education administrators. Home education is a welcome alternative to those children who need it and benefit from it and there is no evidence in academic literature or general writing on education to suggest that home education does not usually offer a good alternative to the children involved, both academically and socially.Much research has been undertaken into home education in the US, there have been a few studies within the UK and a study in Switzerland of the laws which apply to home educators within each canton and an assessment of the numbers of home educated children in both Austria and Switzerland. In other European countries, there has been little or no research into the numbers of home educated children, the ways in which home educated children learn, efficient methods of monitoring home education, or whether home education is effective. Perhaps it is by looking more closely at these families that the effectiveness of schooling can be better assessed: fundamental questions can be asked about the added value of schooling.My preliminary investigations indicate that, with the exception of Denmark, where it is easy for parents to set up small schools with financial help from government, there are instances of home education in all the countries studied. 相似文献
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周汉平 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,30(9):92-96
留守儿童的概念界定关系着留守儿童问题研究的规范、深入与意义。＂留守＂即是父母双双外出务工而导致的＂亲子分离＂的完全留守。＂儿童＂就是16周岁以下的未成年人。留守儿童就是我国农村地区因父母双双外出务工而守望着家园的16周岁以下的未成年人。可见,留守儿童依存于农民工,所以化解留守儿童现象只能从解决农民工问题入手,即通过解决农民工问题带动留守儿童现象的逐渐消除。 相似文献
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目的：探讨土茯苓中药复方制剂和大蒜油的排铅效果,为铅中毒的防治提供一定的理论依据。方法：以40mg／L的醋酸铅溶液,按0．01mug体重剂量连续15d灌胃造模,造模成功后将48只雄性成年小鼠随机分成4组,即土茯苓中药复方制剂组、大蒜油组、乙二胺四乙酸组和中毒不治疗组,连续15d驱铅治疗。在造模前、第16天、第31天分别测定各组小鼠的体重及抽取小鼠尾部全血并用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定小鼠的血铅含量,对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果：①血铅含量：统计学意义驱铅治疗后,土茯苓中药复方制剂组、大蒜油组、乙二胺四乙酸组分别与中毒不治疗组的血铅含量比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;土茯苓中药复方制剂组、大蒜油组、乙二胺四乙酸组的血铅含量两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。驱铅治疗后各组的血铅含量为：土茯苓中药复方制剂组〈EDTA组〈大蒜油组〈中毒不治疗组。（参体重：土茯苓中药复方制剂组、大蒜油组分别与中毒不治疗组的体重比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;土茯苓中药复方制剂组与大蒜油组的体重比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。土茯苓中药复方制剂组的体重〉大蒜油组的体重。③存活率：土茯苓中药复方制剂组、大蒜油组分别与中毒不治疗组的存活率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;土茯苓中药复方制剂组与大蒜油组的存活率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论：土茯苓中药复方制剂、大蒜油对血铅均有促排作用;驱铅功效为：土茯苓中药复方制剂〉大蒜油。 相似文献
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This paper reports on the results of a small‐scale study into the ways in which two bilingual boys attempt to manage the discontinuities between their identities at home and as members of an early years class at a mainly white primary school in the UK. To do this, a number of semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with the boys and their parents. The results reveal that while the children generally attempt to assume the pupil identity options afforded them at school, the differences between these and those they take up in their home environment generally lead them to seek to keep the world of the home and of the school separate in ways that disrupt the school’s attempts to develop home/school partnership initiatives. We argue that a focus on identity management issues for children in the early years allows new and more critical understandings to emerge that can usefully inform the practices that educators can develop to enhance their learning experiences. 相似文献