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1.
This paper demonstrates how the application of New Public Management (NPM) and the accompanying rise of academic capitalism
in allocating research funds in the German academic field have interacted with a change from federal pluralism to a more stratified
system of universities and departments. From this change, a tendency to build cartel-like structures of allocating symbolic
capital resulting in oligopolistic structures of appropriating research funds has emerged. This macro level structure is complemented
by the strengthening of the traditional oligarchic structures of research, carried out by an increasing number of assistants
under the direction of a professor on the meso level. The outcome of this institutional setting is a significant gap between
the appropriation of research funds according to the allocation of symbolic capital and the production of knowledge in publications.
The application of NPM therefore needs to be explained more as a result of the normative pressure of a globally established
model of “rational” administration, and less as a result of its functional effectiveness. This is demonstrated by an empirical
analysis with simple and multiple regressions using data on the allocation of research grants and publication records of German
chemistry departments. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2013,6(2):114-135
Abstract The establishment of the European Union, reunification of Germany, and Germany's extension of dual citizenship to immigrant minorities provided challenges to the country's understanding of itself as a nation. In negotiating these changes, debates on citizenship frequently centered on definitions of German culture. Using the concept of Leitkultur (guiding culture), conservatives argued that Germany should reject multiculturalism and stem immigration. This essay analyzes discourses on cultural policy in Germany through a contextual and textual analysis of the film Mostly Martha. In its alignment with aesthetic conventions of the art house food film, Mostly Martha participates in the debate on cultural citizenship and embodies changes in the German film industry that have moved German cinema toward increased commercialism. The film's main character, Martha, is transformed through an intercultural relationship and a trip to Italy. We argue that the film's citation of this well-known tradition of traveling south to redeem oneself and its treatment of ethnic “Otherness” engages in the Leitkultur debate and participates in the transition from national German to transnational cinema. Through the utopian treatment of Italian food, the film fetishizes cultural difference and reaffirms fixed constructs of nation and gender, thereby avoiding an explicitly politicized engagement with intercultural citizenship and identity. 相似文献
3.
In recent years the economic performance of public non-profit sectors such as cultural services has become an interesting
economic issue. This is due to the high dependence of cultural institutions on public funding on the one hand and the increasing
cost-pressure on public budgets on the other hand. In order to achieve an efficient, cost-minimizing resource allocation public
authorities who decide on the distribution of public budgets need reliable performance indicators. Against this background,
this paper analyzes the efficiency of German public theaters for the seasons 1991/1992–2005/2006. Using a stochastic frontier
analysis approach, we test whether the assumption of cost-minimizing behavior is reliable in this sector. Moreover, several
panel data models that differ in their ability to account for unobserved heterogeneity are applied to evaluate the impact
of unobserved heterogeneity on the efficiency estimates. The results indicate that the cost-minimizing assumption cannot be
maintained. Consequently, an efficiency analysis based on a cost function approach seems inappropriate in the case of German
public theaters. Further, we find a considerable unobserved heterogeneity across the theaters, which causes a significant
variation in the models’ efficiency estimates. This implies that failing to account for unobserved heterogeneity leads to
biased efficiency values. Overall, our results suggest that there is still space for improvement in the employment of resources
in the sector. 相似文献
4.
Joshua Dittrich 《Culture, Theory & Critique》2013,54(1):114-128
AbstractThe essay approaches recent discussions of ‘life’ and biopolitics from the historical context of early 20th century German vitalist thought. By closely analysing the concept of the ‘drive’ in art historian Wilhelm Worringer's Abstraction and Empathy (1908) and Sigmund Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), the essay shows how the paradoxes of those texts prefigure and contribute to the contemporary problematic of ‘life’ in theoretical discourse across the humanities. In Worringer and Freud, the drive is an ‘elastic’ concept stretching beyond – and yet constitutive of – the epistemological object (‘life’) that it is called upon to describe. The distortion of the drive in each author's thought – from an impulse of organic vitality to a principle of inorganic primordiality – manifests the contradictory ‘life’ of vitalist concepts themselves in their elastic potential for transformation, regression and contradiction. 相似文献
5.
Julia Khrebtan-Hörhager 《Journal of International and Intercultural Communication》2017,10(3):255-271
This essay examines the topicality of intra-European intercultural tensions, focusing on German–Italian relations. Grounded in Burke’s interpretation of literature as “equipment for living,” this project uses Marisa Fenoglio’s Never without a woman—a novel about an Italian Gastarbeiter in Germany—as a case study and suggests a critical cultural analysis of German–Italian food-related rhetoric as reflective and constructive of German–Italian interculturality. This essay invites a nuanced understanding of the rhetoric of European foodways as representative of the contemporary European culture and intercultural communication because we are what we eat. 相似文献
6.
Hendrik Sonnabend 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2016,40(4):529-545
Unlike Kahneman et al. (Am Econ Rev 76(4):728–741, 1986) iconic snow shovel, live music is a performance good that fans attach a particular value to. Hence, an artist’s pricing decision might differ from standard rent-seeking behavior. In this paper, I propose a model that incorporates fairness concerns into the pricing decision for concert tickets. The hypotheses derived from this model are tested on data from the German club concert industry. The results are consistent with the model: Although (1) price dispersion is the dominant pricing strategy in the club concert industry and artists prefer to perform on a Friday or Saturday night, (2) artists do not set higher prices on the weekend. These results are consistent with fairness constraints, but are difficult to explain within a standard profit maximization framework. As a third result, (3) the data reveal that ticket prices are positively correlated with a city’s number of inhabitants . 相似文献
7.
Heritage institutions, as one of the main aspects of culture, play an important role in economic prospect of culture by promoting tourism industry. Turning to the interpretation of culture in economic terms, the goal of this paper is to adopt a practical evaluation tool in order to assess the efficiency of heritage institutions. This study evaluates the technical efficiency of a regional system of museums in Tehran, the capital of Iran, using Data Envelopment Analysis approach. The findings may prove useful for management of these institutions in economic point of view, as well as for those responsible for public resource allocation policies in the area of cultural heritage. 相似文献
8.
Wolfgang Kaltenbrunner 《Minerva》2018,56(3):283-303
In this paper, I analyze how recent calls to internationalize publication behavior affect research practices at an automotive engineering department in Germany. Automotive engineering is a field with traditionally rather scarce publication activity and strong connections to industry. Substantial authority to define suitable research problems and ways of organizing knowledge production on a daily basis was therefore reserved for local academic elites as well as corporate partners. However, as engineers are increasingly expected to prove their performance through publishing in international peer-reviewed journals, the judgment as to what should be considered “interesting” or “robust” research is partly relegated to a gradually globalizing community of academic peers. This generates a variety of tensions with established ways of coordinating epistemic work at the department studied here. For example, the thematic interests of journals tend to exert a disruptive centrifugal pull in the context of an otherwise highly modular research culture, and possibilities to publish in international venues are unequally distributed across individual research projects. But while department members agree that there is a lack of fit between current practices and new expectations towards their publishing behavior, their opinions about the conclusions that should be drawn differ significantly. Some researchers argue that profound organizational changes are necessary to foster the academic rigor of German engineering research. Others believe that evaluation criteria should simply be adapted. This situation is arguably characteristic for research areas with a traditionally strong orientation to local stakeholders, and it suggests a need for more deliberative, participatory approaches to research evaluation in such fields. 相似文献
9.
Edlira Shehu Tim Prostka Christina Schmidt-Stölting Michel Clement Eva Blömeke 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2014,38(2):109-130
Driven by the pressure to permanently release a large number of books, publishers have to allocate limited advertising budgets across the wide range of newly released books. As in many creative industries, publishers often focus their advertising activities on potential top sellers written by recent bestselling authors. Considering potential selection effects in choosing the “right” books for advertising, this paper investigates (1) whether selection effects exist and to what extent potential selection effects influence the relation between book advertising and book sales and (2) the boundary conditions under which book advertising leads to higher sales by focusing on the “star power” effects of authors. By applying propensity score matching to a dataset of 598 fiction books from the German book market, we identify substantial selection effects that lead to a serious overestimation of advertising effectiveness by up to 41 % (10,000 copies sold). Using group analyses, we find that sales of books written by recent bestselling authors are not significantly influenced by advertising activities of publishers; however, the sales of books written by lesser-known authors can be increased significantly if they are advertised. Our findings are highly relevant for publishers, indicating that a shift in the allocation of advertising budgets toward promising books by lesser-known authors is recommended to improve the overall advertising effectiveness. 相似文献
10.
In this article, we propose four modifications to the standard Triple Helix innovation model, which consists of the three
strands: university, government, industry. First, in view of recent economic, cultural, organizational and ideological changes
in many countries, it is now important to introduce a fourth strand to the standard model, namely society. Second, we observe
that strands occur in doublets which we refer to as binomials. Examples of doublets include university/society, university/industry,
industry/society, etc. Third, the binomials are organized in a hierarchic mode; for example in the university/society binomial,
university may be dominant and the society secondary. The hierarchy arrangement proves decisive. Fourth, Helix-driven innovation
processes take the form of temporary segmented phases. Using the case study of Dip-Pen nanolithography, we identify four phases
where each phase is characterised by specific binomials accompanied by a hierarchy: academic instrument research (university/society);
from instrument to tool; company start-up (university/industry); the mature firm and commercialization (industry/society);
confirming the societal strand “nanofication”(society/industry). The government strand operates as a recessive component
in phases one and four. 相似文献
11.
Richard Stone 《Minerva》1966,4(3):365-380
Conclusion In this paper I have tried to bring together various forms of input-output accounting and analysis suited to dynamic problems. In the usual, static accounting system, the entries all relate to a single time-period and the set of accounts is completely closed. In the alternative, dynamic system suggested here, the inputs for a given period come, either in whole or in part, from the preceding period and the outputs go, either in whole or in part, to the succeeding period.Two types of model can be built within the framework of this dynamic accounting structure: the conventional input-output model, in which the input coefficients are fixed; and an allocation model, in which the output co-efficients are fixed. The conventional model is appropriate to the analysis of production flows; the allocation model to that of demographic flows. These two models provide us with the main building blocks for an educational model, since as far as the human inputs are concerned the educational system is simply a partition of the demographic system, and as far as the economic inputs are concerned it is a partition of the productive system. A first attempt at combining the two was described in my earlier article. 相似文献
12.
随着服务业的快速发展,物业管理这个新兴行业也有了很大的进步。高职院校在物业管理专业教学发展中,针对以往教学中出现的问题,应该根据学生的特点结合时代的特征,采用合理有效的教学改革办法加以解决。 相似文献
13.
After 1945, the German medical community underwent a period of self-examination. The profession’s experience during the Nazi
period raised profound questions concerning its ethical integrity and political allegiances. This paper considers the advent
of medical nationalism, and shows how, in Berlin and in the Soviet zone of Germany, narratives were constructed to show a
new and positive picture of German medicine. 相似文献
14.
In 1933, the Prussian Academy of Sciences and Humanities was an exclusive learned society, out of touch with modern methods and funding, which had also failed to re-establish itself as a centre of research. During the Nazi regime, it was at best peripherally involved in the restructuring of German academia. While some of its members played a political role, the Academy itself retained its status as a learned society, even an academic club. This helped make possible its subsequent adaptation to the new political order in post-war Germany. 相似文献
15.
During the Cold War, Franco’s dictatorship attempted to use technological transfer and nuclear technology to strengthen the geopolitical influence of his Government in Spain. This paper studies this process, with particular reference to the role played by German scientists as advisers to the Spanish nuclear project. 相似文献
16.
Richard H. Beyler 《Minerva》2006,44(3):251-266
In responding to incidents of internal ‘indiscipline’, the Kaiser Wilhelm Society many times asserted its authority, sometimes in cooperation with agencies of the Nazi regime. Following the Second World War, however, the KWS represented itself as having been intrinsically anti-Nazi. This essay describes the assumptions inherent in this view, and points to its wider implications for post-war German science. 相似文献
17.
Natalia Tsvetkova 《Minerva》2014,52(2):161-185
This article discusses the history of American and Soviet transformations in German universities during the period of the Cold War, 1945–1990. Both American and Soviet policies were resisted by the university community, particularly by the conservative German professoriate, in both parts of the divided Germany. The article shows how and why both American and Soviet policies of the reforms of German universities were eventually failed. 相似文献
18.
Diversity in teams and the success of cultural products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates what is necessary to create successful intercultural motion pictures. We test hypotheses on the effects of (1) the production team and the cast composition (team members’ cultural backgrounds, industry tenure, social networks, education, star status, age, and gender) and (2) film characteristics (set locations, movie genre) on the overall performance of German movies at home and abroad. The empirical results demonstrate that offering cultural familiarity (teams from a diverse cultural background, international settings) provides a sense of familiarity to audiences outside the domestic market and enhances the performance of the film abroad. Yet, domestic success depends on different factors. These issues are underexplored because producers can rarely build on systematic research when attempting to customize films to different cultural settings. The paper shows how to target international audiences more effectively. 相似文献
19.
David Beer 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2017,10(1):21-33
This article draws upon a sample of 34 data analytics providers in order to explore the rhetorical framing of the speediness of the data analytic solutions that they offer. General perceptions of cultural speed-up frame understandings of organisational life, against this backdrop of data analytics are presented as a potential solution to the need to speed-up and keep-up with the competition. As a result, it is argued that notions of speedy analytics are central to the spread and intensification of data-led decision-making, governance and ordering processes. The promises of real-time knowing are one means by which organisational speed and agility are seen to be achievable. The result is the pushing back of the limits of datafication. This article is concerned with the power of the data analytics industry and the powerful ways in which this industry presents and projects properties and promises onto data and data analytics. It suggests that this industry taps into, cultivates and then attempts to deploy the wider rationality of a need for speed. 相似文献
20.
Between the 1880s and the 1920s, the German system of scientific research, traditionally dominated by the universities, underwent
rapid institutional change and functional differentiation. This paper analyses this development as a constitutive factor in
Germany’s transition from a predominantly industrial to a primarily ‘knowledge-based’ society. This perspective broadens and
deepens our understanding of the current debate concerning the social production of knowledge. 相似文献