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1.
德国高校教授历来收入较高,稳定而有保障。但在世纪之交,随着新管理主义的兴起,德国对高校教授的薪酬制度进行了改革,以此激励大学教师的效能从而提高高教质量。在分析德国大学教师的基本结构体系与身份属性特征之后,可以发现其薪酬体系是在层级分类的内涵属性基础上,由基本工资和浮动工资共同构成,并在浮动工资中体现绩效评价指标。该薪酬模式在经由二十多年的发展演变之后,目前已经受到完善的法律制度保障,并在薪酬增长幅度和资金分配等方面都进行了详细规约。德国大学教师薪酬制度在较高的收入水平、规范的激励措施、全面的激励指标等方面有值得借鉴之处。 相似文献
2.
Research on work life and job satisfaction of university professors is becoming an important research issue in the field of
higher education. This study used questionnaires administered to 1 770 teachers from different levels, types, and academic
fields of Chinese universities to investigate job satisfaction among university professors and the relationship between job
satisfaction of university professors and the organizational characteristics of the university. The job satisfaction of Chinese
university professors includes six dimensions: career development and school management, teaching and research services, salary,
benefits and logistical services, professional reputation, teaching and research facilities, and the work itself. The overall
job satisfaction levels are close to average, with salary and benefits receiving the lowest level of satisfaction. The organizational
characteristics of universities, such as school type, school level, academic field, organizational climate, evaluation orientation,
and school management, all have significant effects on the overall job satisfaction of university professors. The organizational
climate and school level affect all six dimensions of job satisfaction among university professors. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese university professors’ decisions about ethical issues in classroom assessment. A survey with fifteen scenarios that describe professors’ thoughts about ethics in assessment practices was administrated to 555 professors from 143 colleges and universities in 29 provinces in China. The results of the quantitative analysis indicated that professors’ interest in professional development related to classroom assessment, and their dispositions were significantly associated with their agreement with experts in the field of classroom assessment. Professors’ gender, highest degree, professional rank, and years of teaching experience did not significantly predict their agreement. The qualitative analysis revealed that maintaining fair assessment vs being caring to students and asserting professors’ rights vs abiding by university policy were the crucial aspects for professors to consider in classroom assessment. Findings of the study could help educators identify ethical issues in assessment, develop guidelines to ensure fair assessment, and incorporate differentiated strategies in professional development workshops in higher education.
相似文献4.
Emma Nardi 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2001,8(3):339-351
The Italian school and university system is going through profound changes. In the school system, the exam that all students have to take at the end of upper-secondary education has been reformed, while at the university level, a law has been approved for reorganising higher education. It is thus a fluid situation in which the new demands have to come to terms with the traditional framework and in which change is not always devoid of contradictions. This article will try to illustrate how the shift from school to university education is influenced by the new legislation and will highlight the problems that this transition poses for Italian students embarking on university education. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(1):41-53
This article explores the possibilities of reinforcing ethics education at the university level within the context of new internationalisation processes. The situation in Spain is used as a case study. The article begins with a review of the rationale behind this issue and goes on to analyse the place of the ethical dimension in education in the proposals for adapting Spanish university degree programmes to the European Higher Education Area. Fieldwork carried out at three higher education institutions reveals that, while professors accept the institutional function of the university in ethics education, their hazy conception of the matter weakens the likelihood of a pedagogical approach in‐keeping with the level of importance given to such a function. 相似文献
6.
Jim Binder 《Innovative Higher Education》1983,8(1):29-37
This article is critical of major institutions of higher education because they often establish criteria for rewarding professors and organizational processes that have little to do with developing a real university. The author argues for the reconstruction of universities based on values of freedom and responsibility. A model based on such values, a creative university is developed and contrasted with educational bureaucracies. Arguments are given to favor the creative university as our best hope for the future. 相似文献
7.
何慧芳 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2011,15(2):18-20,28
罗伯特·M·赫钦斯是20世纪中叶美国著名的高等教育思想家和改革家。他在《美国高等教育》中用优美且严密的文字批判了当时美国高等教育存在的问题。他呼吁大学的批判功能,强调大学是独立思想或批判中心,教授和学生通过交流和沟通来发挥批判功能,并认为通过名著提供的经验有助于形成学生的鉴赏和批判标准。大学的批判功能不论是从历史还是现实的角度上看,都是不可忽视的。 相似文献
8.
In this article, we discuss the results of qualitative research carried out at an Italian university for shedding light on the transition students undergo on entry to university, and for understanding associated difficulties that lead to student drop out. We use Vincent Tinto's and Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical apparatuses for analysing drop out in higher education as a process in which inequalities are expressed and reproduced. The intertwined social and institutional mechanisms, and flawed decision-making processes, that precede entry to university are explored. Particular attention is given to student perceptions of their experiences at university and the factors leading to progressive disengagement and drop out. The empirical material analysed shows that, although access to university is relatively easy within the Italian context, hurdles to the pursuit of a university education are largely hidden. Students who withdraw are those who are unable to embody the codes, rules and functioning of higher education: those who do not manage to internalise the type of disciplined autonomy needed for responding to academic demands. Personal characteristics and background resources are key for enabling students to fit in the academic environment. The ways in which higher education institutions regulate access and structure university life contribute to drop out processes and unequal pathways based on the social background of students. Following Coulon, we conclude by arguing that higher education institutions should develop systemic approaches that commit their structure and personnel to the goal of developing a “pedagogy of affiliation” aimed at fostering—particularly among students from underprivileged backgrounds—the cognitive, social and practical skills needed to prosper in higher education. 相似文献
9.
浅析陈序经的高等教育思想及实践 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张太原 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,24(3):28-32
陈序经的高等教育思想是丰富而有特色的，他认为，大学教育的目的在于求知；高水平的教授是办好大学的关键；良好的环境是大学不可缺少的条件；学习西方的先进化是大学教育的重要内容，在办学实践中，陈序经力求贯彻底这些思想，不但为当时的教育事业做出了重要贡献，而且也为后人留下了可资借鉴的教育资源。 相似文献
10.
Mirjana Franceško Jasmina Nedeljković Milan Živković Sanja Đurđić 《European Journal of Education》2020,55(4):514-527
This article provides insight into the state of higher education in Serbia, particularly in the context of reform processes based on European Higher Education Area principles. A multidimensional approach was taken, encompassing (a) a review and analysis of legal regulations relevant to the historical context of Serbia, (b) an examination of current working conditions at accredited state and private higher education institutions, (c) and a pilot survey of attitudes among the main participants in higher education teaching. The research gauged attitudes of university professors and students with work or study experiences, respectively, at both state and private higher education institutions. Specific instruments for measuring attitudes were constructed for this study. Professors' attitudes toward state and private higher education were compared through the assessment of aspects of organisational culture including work organisation, stimulating atmosphere, innovation, and creativity. Students expressed their attitudes toward state and private higher education in terms of general atmosphere, curricula, grading criteria, and student status. The results indicate that private higher education was appreciated slightly more than state higher education; both professors and students held more positive attitudes of private higher education for all dimensions investigated. 相似文献
11.
中国高校女教师队伍发展的现状分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
赵叶珠 《大学.研究与评价》2007,(2)
本文从社会性别和国际比较的视角对我国高校女教师队伍的发展现状进行了分析。论文以1994至2004年为研究范围,首先对我国高校女教职工队伍的基本构成及变化趋势进行分析,在此基础上,从性别视角对高校专任教师队伍的职称结构、学位结构和年龄结构进行量化研究,并进一步从女教授占教授总数比例的角度将我国女教师队伍置于国际视野之下进行比较,从而较为全面地对我国女教师队伍的发展状况在国际坐标中作出清晰的定位,最后,论文分析了女性在高级职称中占比例低的机构制度原因,同时指出高校女教师发展的现实策略。 相似文献
12.
许青云 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,32(6):158-160
现代大学制度是一个融合现代大学的历史与现实、具体与抽象、问题与方法的内涵十分丰富的概念,大学制度创新就是让大学生不断适应现代经济社会发展的需要,努力提高大学自身的办学水平和办学效益.要破除盲目照抄、套用现代企业制度的做法,盲目“跟风”认识上的误区,坚持党委领导,正确行使党委的领导权;坚持校长负责;落实校长依法行政的执行权;坚持教授治教,完善教授的民主治教;坚持民主管理,加大师生办学参与权. 相似文献
13.
教授自律才能保证教育质量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育质量是大学教育最为重大的问题,也是有关部门和全社会最为关注的问题。影响教育质量的因素很多,教授自律无疑是其中最为关键的因素。大学发展的历史和各国高等教育的现状都表明,教授不能自律,必然直接影响教育质量。因此,为保证教育质量,重在优化大学的内部环境,确保教授以学术为业。教育评估等外部干预措施,都要以促进教授自律为依归,否则,就会得不偿失。 相似文献
14.
陈永明 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2007,8(1):32-36
德国高等教育机构有大学(综合大学、教育大学、神学大学、艺术大学等)和高等专科学校。大学一般是州立的,属于公共法人团体。大学的经营管理,主要由校长具体负责。州立大学的教师是公务员。德国大学对教授、准教授以及教师的招聘一般实行公开招聘制度,并有明确的程序要求以及任职条件。大学教授没有任期规定,经过一定的试用期,通常是作为终身官吏被任用,其他教师有任期规定。 相似文献
15.
全球化背景下高校教师队伍建设的若干思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
范文霞 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2006,7(3):26-30
全球化导致了高等教育价值观的转变、高等教育课程内容的重新组织以及高等教育入学人口的全球流动,对高校教师素质提出了新要求,增加了高层次拔尖人才的流动性,提高了对高校教师团体竞争力的要求。为了应对这些挑战和新的要求,文章从制度建设、人才培养、激励机制、学缘结构、环境优化等五方面进行了对策分析并提出相关建议。 相似文献
16.
The main aim of this article is to explore similarities and differences in the institutional features of private and state universities in the Italian higher education system and to assess whether graduating from a private university conveys advantages in the labour market. In the first part we use administrative data to describe the main institutional features of the two types of university, looking at organisational aspects, enrolments and graduates, financial resources, tuition fees, and teachers' characteristics. In the second part we develop a theoretical framework looking at sociological and economic theories of education and labour market, from which we derive some hypotheses on the expected results. In the last part, we apply a propensity score matching analysis on data from the Italian University Graduates Survey conducted in 2007 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, which provides information on more than 40,000 graduates who obtained their degree in 2004. The main results indicate that graduates from private universities are younger, have a higher socio-economic background and a slightly better previous school career than those from state universities. Contrary to a widespread belief, once accounted for self-selection into the type of university using a wide range of variables, graduating from a private university has neither a significant nor a substantial effect on employment probability, hourly wage and occupational level three years after graduation. 相似文献
17.
Quentin J. Bogart Ellen A. Elson 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3):219-230
Abstract Of concern to many educators is in-service education of community college faculty. Some two-year colleges have looked to themselves for in-service programs and activities; many have turned to the university for this. A study was conducted among community college leaders and university professors involved in community college education to determine the current status of in-service education in the community college. Opinions related to this topic as well as the role of the university in in-service education of community college faculty were also sampled. 相似文献
18.
Sjaak Braster 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2014,50(5):615-630
In the period 1919–1933 the experimental and community schools in Hamburg tried to put into practice a new model of schooling without a set curriculum that was based on providing a considerable amount of freedom for pupils and teachers. These experiences were introduced in the Netherlands by way of magazines published by the New Education Fellowship (NEF) or Dutch journals edited by educationalists and university professors. The Hamburg schools were also visited by Christian Anarchist teachers who were connected with new schools in the Netherlands and who already had experimented with new ways of life in small communities. In this article we describe their experiences in Hamburg. Their observation reports would not trigger a growing interest in a social community type of schooling; in general Dutch teachers, even the socialist ones, did not change their preference for the traditional classroom system of education. More individualistic methods from Montessori and Parkhurst (Dalton Plan), supported by university professors and inspectors of education, were considered to have more potential for changing the classroom system from within. 相似文献
19.
This study aims to understand the extent to which university professors adopt new pedagogical voices in their learning assessment practices through a teacher education process. Participants (N = 32) were interviewed before and after the teacher education process, and data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of the study demonstrated, first, that teachers renamed their educational discourse about learning assessment significantly, increasing it in assessment for learning practices, particularly in the themes of timing and agents, and reducing it in all themes referred to the assessment of learning practices. And second, three clusters of faculty were identified, which differed in terms of the way they merge both learning assessment practices: professors with a slight prevalence of the assessment for learning conceptual voice, professors with a slight prevalence of the assessment for learning practical voice, and professors with a strong prevalence of the assessment for learning voice. 相似文献
20.
Americanisation,sovietisation, and resistance at Kabul University: limits of the educational reforms
Natalia Tsvetkova 《History of education》2017,46(3):343-365
The paper compares the American and Soviet transformations at Kabul University, Afghanistan, during the 1960s to the 1980s explained in terms of Americanisation and Sovietisation. Using new declassified documents from both American and former Soviet archives, the author reveals that both powers attempted to impose their rival models of university education in Afghanistan. However, resistance on the part of the Afghan university undermined both of their cultural influences, thus causing their policies of reform to eventually fail. The case of Kabul University demonstrates the inability of the superpowers to encourage the formation of pliable students and professors. Despite crucial transformations in the structure, administration apparatus, and content of disciplines, both superpowers were not able to change the traditions and values of professors and students. The university community has been proven to be the main cause for the success or failure of any reforms brought to a university by external powers. 相似文献