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1.
Gary R. Pike 《Research in higher education》2006,47(5):591-612
Holland’s theory of vocational preferences provides a powerful framework for studying students’ college experiences. A basic proposition of Holland’s theory is that individuals actively seek out and select environments that are congruent with their personality types. Although studies consistently support the self-selection proposition, they have not examined the processes underlying students’ selections. It seems reasonable to presume that many students select academic majors because they believe or expect that the academic environments will be congruent with their personalities. Using data from 631 entering students, this research examined the possibility that self-selection is related to students’ college expectations. Results provided support for the role of expectations in the selection of academic majors. 相似文献
2.
INSTITUTIONAL SELECTIVITY AND INSTITUTIONAL EXPENDITURES: Examining Organizational Factors that Contribute to Retention and Graduation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many institutions of higher education increasingly are concerned with retention and graduation rates. Focusing on private Baccalaureate Liberal and General colleges and universities, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between institutional selectivity and institutional expenditures and retention and graduation rates. Framed by Berger’s (2001–2002) view that organizational behavior can impact student departure, this inquiry examined if expenditures for instruction, academic support, student services, facilities, institutional support, and institutional grants (i.e. student financial aid) could predict retention and graduation rates at baccalaureate-granting institutions. Institutional selectivity and institutional expenditures, specifically those that directly contributed to students’ academic integration, were found to contribute significantly to retention and graduation rates. Recommendations are suggested, including using the results to inform resource allocation strategies that can enhance retention and graduation rates. 相似文献
3.
Josephine A. Gasiewski M. Kevin Eagan Gina A. Garcia Sylvia Hurtado Mitchell J. Chang 《Research in higher education》2012,53(2):229-261
The lack of academic engagement in introductory science courses is considered by some to be a primary reason why students
switch out of science majors. This study employed a sequential, explanatory mixed methods approach to provide a richer understanding
of the relationship between student engagement and introductory science instruction. Quantitative survey data were drawn from
2,873 students within 73 introductory science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses across 15 colleges
and universities, and qualitative data were collected from 41 student focus groups at eight of these institutions. The findings
indicate that students tended to be more engaged in courses where the instructor consistently signaled an openness to student
questions and recognizes her/his role in helping students succeed. Likewise, students who reported feeling comfortable asking
questions in class, seeking out tutoring, attending supplemental instruction sessions, and collaborating with other students
in the course were also more likely to be engaged. Instructional implications for improving students’ levels of academic engagement
are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Predominantly White institutions have not been as effective as historically Black institutions in retaining and conferring
degrees upon African American college students. This review seeks to embed the psychological aspects of the retention process
proposed by Bean and Eaton [A psychological model of college student retention. In J. M. Braxton (Ed.), Reworking the student
departure puzzle (pp. 48–61). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2000] in a culturally-sensitive framework and consider
how African American students attending PWIs may experience the processes in retention. We first give a brief overview of
Bean and Eaton’s [A psychological model of college student retention. In J. M. Braxton (Ed.), Reworking the student departure
puzzle (pp. 48–61). Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2000] model of retention, then we propose and discuss revisions
to Bean and Eaton’s model that we believe would make the model more applicable to African American students attending predominantly
White institutions. Specifically, we address students’ attitudes towards their institution, academic self-efficacy, motivation,
achievement goals, attributions, and ethnic and bicultural identity development. The discussion concludes with implications
and directions for future study. 相似文献
5.
The Impact of Student Self-efficacy on Scientific Inquiry Skills: An Exploratory Investigation in River City, a Multi-user Virtual Environment 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Diane Jass Ketelhut 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(1):99-111
This exploratory study investigated data-gathering behaviors exhibited by 100 seventh-grade students as they participated
in a scientific inquiry-based curriculum project delivered by a multi-user virtual environment (MUVE). This research examined
the relationship between students’ self-efficacy on entry into the authentic scientific activity and the longitudinal data-gathering
behaviors they employed while engaged in that process. Three waves of student behavior data were gathered from a server-side
database that recorded all student activity in the MUVE; these data were analyzed using individual growth modeling. The study
found that self-efficacy correlated with the number of data-gathering behaviors in which students initially engaged, with
high self-efficacy students engaging in more data gathering than students with low self-efficacy. Also, the impact of student
self-efficacy on rate of change in data gathering behavior differed by gender. However, by the end of their time in the MUVE,
initial student self-efficacy no longer correlated with data gathering behaviors. In addition, students’ level of self-efficacy
did not affect how many different sources from which they chose to gather data. These results suggest that embedding science
inquiry curricula in novel platforms like a MUVE might act as a catalyst for change in students’ self-efficacy and learning
processes.
相似文献
| Diane Jass KetelhutEmail: |
6.
Using multilevel models, this study examined whether and why the strength of association between student–faculty interaction and student cognitive skills development varies across academic
majors. The study utilized data from the 2008 University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey (UCUES) and a sample
of 43,014 students from 119 academic majors across nine campuses. The results indicate that the impact of interaction with
faculty on students’ cognitive skills development significantly varies by academic major. Findings also suggest that some
aspects of departmental climate can potentially magnify the effects produced by student–faculty interaction. 相似文献
7.
Vera Sheridan 《Higher Education》2011,62(2):129-140
This qualitative study examines the interplay between academic staff and international students with regard to developing
academic literacies at university. Higher education has traditionally responded to increasing student diversity with the expectation
that students will conform to institutional norms or habitus. In this context international students arrive with cultural
capital which may not fit such norms, and would benefit from developing their academic literacy, as indeed would home students
given an increasingly diverse student body in Irish higher education. Findings reveal a gap between academics expectations
and international students’ capabilities. Academic staff remained within the remit of the research in contrast to the 22 international
students who were interviewed. They did not separate the totality of their campus experience from academic literacy practices.
These ranged from uncertainty around writing in another language to a mismatch between diversity management in class and students’
own expectations. International students found difficulty to making friends on campus which could benefit their integration
into the academic literacy practices of their respective disciplines. Findings point towards a whole institution response
to student diversity which transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this study is to identify school factors that affect students’ achievements at the secondary and tertiary levels
of education. The analysis included data of 9,894 students who studied in Auckland regional secondary schools in 2004. The
results indicate that, although student demographic characteristics are associated with students’ pathways and achievements,
schools’ demographic composition did not affect student outcomes. It was found, however, that schools’ organisational factors
do have an effect. At the university level, none of the schools’ characteristics was related to students’ achievements at
the higher end of the achievement scale (GPA ≥ 4). However, students from private or state-integrated schools were found to
be more likely to achieve low GPA (<2) than students who came from state schools. In conclusion, it is suggested that interventions
targeting at-risk populations based on demographic factors should focus on individuals or groups rather than on institutions;
while school-based interventions should identify the schools by their structure and function rather than by their demographic
characteristics.
相似文献
| Boaz ShulrufEmail: Email: |
9.
The influence of homework experiences on students’ academic grades was studied with 223 college students. Students’ self-efficacy
for learning and perceived responsibility beliefs were included as mediating variables in this research. The students’ homework
influenced their achievement indirectly via these two self-regulatory beliefs as well as directly. Self-efficacy for learning,
although moderately correlated with perceptions of responsibility, predicted course grades more strongly than the latter variable.
No gender differences were found for any of the variables, a finding that extends prior research based on high school girls.
Educational implications about the importance of students’ homework completion and its relationship to college students’ development
of self-regulation and positive self-efficacy beliefs is discussed from a social cognitive perspective. 相似文献
10.
Academic dishonesty has been an important issue. However, only few researches had been done in Asian countries, especially
a nationwide study. A sample of 2,068 college students throughout Taiwan was selected and surveyed on four domains of academic
dishonesty, including: cheating on test, cheating on assignment, plagiarism, and falsifying documents. The major findings
of this study were: (1) the prevalence rate for all types of dishonesty behaviors among college students in Taiwan was 61.72%;
(2) the top five most practiced academic dishonesty behaviors in Taiwan are provided paper or assignment for another student,
gave prohibited help to others on their assignment, copied others’ assignments, passed answers to other students, and copied
from other students; (3) students’ attitudes correlated with behaviors in all four domains of academic dishonesty; (4) females
reported less acceptable to and behaved less academic dishonesty behaviors than males; and (5) freshmen had more dishonest
practices than other class ranks. 相似文献
11.
This paper estimates the effect of students’ background characteristics on the academic outcomes of their college roommates.
It uses data from four classes of students at Wellesley College, where roommate assignment is credibly random, conditional
on student responses to a housing preference form. In linear specifications, there are no peer effects on students’ grade
point averages. There is some evidence that students’ SAT scores have nonlinear effect on their roommates’ achievement, but
the results are not robust. We conclude that roommate peer effects might exist among small groups of students, but they are
not a key determinant of students’ average academic outcomes at Wellesley College. 相似文献
12.
Virginia L. J. Bolshakova Carla C. Johnson Charlene M. Czerniak 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(4):961-997
In the United States today, urban schools serve the majority of high-poverty and high minority populations including large
numbers of Hispanic students. While many Hispanic students perform below grade level in middle school science, the science
teaching community as a whole is lacking elements of diversity as teachers struggle to meet the needs of all learners. Researchers
have recognized that science teacher effectiveness, one consequence of self-efficacy among teachers, is associated with future
science achievement and science-related careers of their students. This qualitative study explores how three science teachers’
effectiveness in the classroom impacts students’ science self-efficacy beliefs at one urban middle school. Hispanic students
were the focus of this investigation due to demographics and history of underperformance within this district. Teachers’ perspectives,
as well as outside observer evaluations of instructional strategies and classroom climates were triangulated to explore dynamics
that influence students’ interests and motivation to learn science using a framework to link teachers’ sense of efficacy (focusing
on student outcomes). Findings suggest the impact teacher effectiveness can have on student outcomes, including strengthened
student science self-efficacy and increased science achievement. Building awareness and support in teachers’ sense of efficacy,
as well as developing respectful and supportive relationships between educator/facilitator and pupil during the transition
to middle school may construct permanence and accomplishment for all in science. 相似文献
13.
Student employment is increasingly common in many countries. Compared to earlier decades, not only more students work but
they also work longer hours. Among European countries Estonia is one of the clear “leaders” in student employment. This study
uses survey data from 2,496 students in Estonian public and private universities to examine the reasons for working on such
a massive scale and its consequences on academic success. The results show that, unlike in most other countries, Estonian
students from more privileged families are as likely to work as students from poorer families and they are even more likely
to have a full-time job. Furthermore, working seems to have only a marginal negative effect on academic progress. These results
seem to support the theory that in Eastern European countries student employment has become a signal of students’ capabilities
and ambition, and that relatively low academic standards contribute to the strength of the signaling mechanism. A long-term
solution to student employment would require changes in quality standards, student financing, alternative higher education
opportunities, and perceptions of students, employers, and academics. 相似文献
14.
The integrated-skills approach (ISA), which incorporates the four language skills-reading, writing, speaking, and listening-has
become a dominant trend in FL college instruction in Taiwan. The purpose of the study was to examine how the ISA is being
used in Taiwan’s EFL college classes, develop an understanding of students’ satisfaction with the integrated-skill class and
authentic activities, and determine if students’ views about separated-skill instruction changed during the year of coursework.
Data were collected from a questionnaire survey, interviews of students, and classroom observation. The results indicated
that the instructor provided a wide range of authentic materials and class activities, allowing students to interact with
texts and each other in a seamless integration of the four language skills. 90% of students recommended continuing to implement
the ISA in class for the next academic year. Survey and interview data revealed that under teachers’ class structures, students
changed their views on EFL instruction. 相似文献
15.
Variation in Students’ Experiences of the ‘Oxford Tutorial’ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper examines Oxford University students’ conceptions of the role of the tutorial in their learning. An analysis of
interviews with 28 students constituted four qualitatively different conceptions of the ‘Oxford Tutorial’. These ranged from
the tutorial involving the tutor explaining to the student what the student did not know, to the tutorial involving the tutor
and the student in exchanging different points of view and both coming to a new understanding of the topic under discussion.
These different conceptions also appeared to be related to variations in students’ views of the role of the work done in preparation
for the tutorial, their view of the student’s and tutor’s roles in the tutorial, and the conception of knowledge that students
adopted in relation to the tutorial. The implications of this study are discussed in terms of the relations between students’
conceptions of tutorials and their anticipated learning outcomes and its implications for contexts outside of Oxford in terms
of students’ conceptions of academic tasks. 相似文献
16.
Gary R. Pike 《Research in higher education》2006,47(7):801-822
Because it focuses on the interactions between students and their environments, Holland’s theory of vocational choice provides a powerful framework for studying college experiences. The present study assessed the relative merits of psychological and sociological interpretations of Holland’s theory by examining the relationships among students’ expectations about college, their personality types, and their intended academic majors. Results indicated that both the psychological and sociological aspects of Holland’s theory aid in understanding students’ college expectations. 相似文献
17.
Mignonne Breier 《Higher Education》2010,60(6):657-670
While the role of financial considerations in higher education student dropout is being recognized increasingly, the dominant
international literature fails to reflect the extent of socio-economic deprivation among students in countries where many
people live below the poverty datum line. This article draws on a study of student retention and graduate destination at seven
HE institutions in South Africa, focusing on the University of the Western Cape which caters for a large proportion of impoverished
students. The study found many students left before completing a qualification because they were too poor to stay. A model
of student departure is presented which draws on the very influential work of Vincent Tinto but also allows for greater emphasis
than he did on students’ ability to pay (real or perceptual) and demarcates the times in the academic calendar when finances
present their greatest challenge to retention. The model also invites consideration of the national and international factors
which impact on the social/economic/political milieu in which students’ persist-or-depart decisions are made. 相似文献
18.
Jazlin Ebenezer Russell Columbus Osman Nafiz Kaya Lin Zhang Devairakkam Luke Ebenezer 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2012,21(1):22-37
The purpose of this case-study is to narrate a secondary science teacher’s experience of his professional development (PD)
education and training in innovative technologies (IT) in the context of engaging students in environmental research projects
The sources from which the narrative is derived include (1) the science teacher’s reflective reports during three summer institute
programs and (2) the science teacher’s reflective reports while subsequently engaging students in IT-embedded environmental
research projects in his classroom. The science teacher’s explanations for changes in students’ perception of their IT fluency
illuminate his personal narrative. The science teacher attributed his growth and significant changes in students’ perceptions
of their IT fluency to the following mechanisms: (a) a personal commitment to developing his own and his students’ IT abilities
in the context of doing environmental research projects, and (b) an increase in class time devoted to science education due
to school-time scheduling policy. The study implies that immersive professional development opportunities have the potential
to produce significant increases in students’ perceptions of their IT fluency. 相似文献
19.
Focusing on academic institutions in higher education as the research context, this study examined the relations of key factors
affecting students’ supportive behavioral intentions toward the university (e.g., giving gifts as alumni, continuing education,
and giving referrals regarding the university). Based on the literature from various disciplines, this study proposed four
factors are critical influencing such intentions: (1) students’ communication behavior with the university, (2) perceived
quality of educational experience, (3) evaluations of the relationship with the university, and (4) university reputation.
The data in this study were collected using a survey of current undergraduate students (N = 336) who were attending a private university in Seoul during Fall 2005. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to
analyze the proposed model. Regarding overall results, the proposed model can be retained as a valid model based on data-model
fits: Eight hypotheses were supported in this study, but not the effect of students’ educational experience on university
reputation. The findings suggest that to foster students’ supportive behavior, universities need to cultivate a good relationship
with their students and to obtain favorable reputation held by students, while ensuring active communication behavior of students
and the quality of students’ educational experience.
相似文献
| Minjung SungEmail: |
20.
Hui-Chin Yeh Yu-Fen Yang 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(3):351-368
Teachers are encouraged to plan their teaching based on students’ needs from the student-centered perspectives. Of the many
teacher training programs, teacher–student role reversal is regarded as one of the most effective avenues to help teachers
identify students’ learning difficulties and further provide adaptive instruction. However, as the role reversal process is
difficult to document in the face-to-face environment due to its interactive and dynamic property, very few studies on teacher–student
role reversal have been empirically conducted. Studies on this issue thus were mainly presented in the form of position papers
or experience sharing entries. The purpose of this study was to explore prospective teachers’ (PT) role reversal experience
within the computer-supported (CS) environment. In the CS environment, 14 PT were invited to play the role as student Writers,
Editors, and Commentators. The results showed that the teacher–student role reversal activities provided the PTs with a first-hand
experience to formulate and reformulate their professional knowledge through reflection. By reflecting on their role-reversal,
the PTs could identify the difficulties that impeded students’ writing and generated the insights on how they could better
scaffold their students’ writing, editing, and revising process. With the feature of the process data, the CS environment
was found to effectively support teacher–student role reversal as the PTs employed the process data, such as action logs or
written texts, to reflect on their role play process to probe into the students’ writing problems and develop insights into
pedagogy. 相似文献