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学前教育不公平的社会表现、产生机制及其解决的可能途径 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
不公平是一种历史现象、区域现象和复杂现象,我国当下学前教育不公平表现在质和量两个方面.从量的方面来看,表现为地方政府投入经费的不平等、城乡学前教育发展的巨大不平衡、教师身份工资的不平等;从质的方面来看,表现为教育内容、师幼互动和课程选择中的巨大不公平.导致学前教育不公平的根本原因主要有两个:一是社会经济、政治、文化、制度设计的城市偏向与东部偏向,一是政府对学前教育由来已久的忽视和学前教育研究界的封闭孤立.解决学前教育不公平问题主要一是依靠政府建构横纵联通的幼儿教育管理体系与财政投资体系,在区分教育效率与经济效率的前提下明确政府与市场的责任边界,二是依靠学前教育研究界加大对学前教育不公平的研究力度,并勇于承担时代赋予的社会责任,积极主动地运用自身的研究成果影响政府的决策,促使政府改变对学前教育的传统观念,提高政府有关学前教育决策的科学性与合理性. 相似文献
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奥巴马政府执政以来,基于重振美国经济、提高国民素质、增强国际竞争力、确保美国社会长期繁荣的需要,先后出台多种举措大力改革并发展学前教育.这些举措确立了"普及、公平、高质量"的学前教育改革目标;设立了总统直接领导的专门行政机构,高度强化政府对学前教育事业发展的领导和统筹职责;学前教育拨款力度大且经费单列,健全财政运行机制;优先保障弱势儿童的受教育权利与质量,促进学前教育公平优质发展;提高教师待遇保障教师培训,促进学前教育高质量普及.这对我国进一步推进学前教育事业发展具有积极的借鉴价值. 相似文献
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教育是阻断贫困代际传递的重要策略,学前教育是终身教育的起点,发展学前教育对于促进儿童身心全面发展具有重要的意义与价值.提升乡村学前教育质量是实现教育公平的必经之路,因此近年来我国的《乡村教师支持计划(2015-2020年)的通知》《教育部等四部门关于实施第三期学前教育行动计划的意见》《教师教育振兴行动计划(2018-2... 相似文献
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通过对几组数据的分析发现,学前教育成为准公共产品、学前教育资源匮乏且分布不均、农村学前教育事业发展堪忧和教师专业化水平不高等构成了我国学前教育改革的物质文化背景.从这种现实背景出发,我国学前教育改革应强调政府对教育公平的责任担当,强调对弱势群体的教育补偿,重新审视教育质量,充分重视教师的专业发展. 相似文献
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芬兰教育是世界上教育公平的典范,也是教育质量最高的国家之一.它有多样化的学前教育机构类型、丰富的学习内容和形式、自由公平的教育理念以及高素质的教师队伍等,同时兼具公平、灵活、无功利性等特征.芬兰的学前教育对我们的启发在于:公平地配置教育资源、不比较的教育评价、严格挑选教师、养成阅读习惯等. 相似文献
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当前我国学前教育发展中存在诸多不公平问题,需要通过学前教育公共政策设计加以解决。为解决学前教育不公平问题,江苏省南京市政府设计了一系列学前教育公共政策,包括学前教育考核问责,学前教育资源合理配置,提升幼儿园教师专业素养,关注弱势群体儿童等制度或政策的研制,以致力于推进教育公平,进而通过教育公平促进社会公平。 相似文献
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对112名学前教育专业学生的调查显示:他们对幼时幼儿园教师形象的理解普遍是教书匠+保姆,普遍认为当下理想的幼儿园教师形象是妈妈+孩子王+多面手。来自农村的学前教育专业学生对幼时幼儿园教师教学的印象是小学化现象严重。现在的学前教育专业学生普遍认为,富有爱心,能和孩子打成一片,具有多方面的技能是理想的幼儿园教师最重要的素养。 相似文献
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走向对话的幼儿教育:后现代幼儿教育观 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
“对话”的幼儿教育,是近些年幼教界议论得较多的一个话题。本期我们在“运用与实践”栏目刊发了《走向对话的幼儿教育———后现代幼儿教育观》、《教育活动中的师幼对话》、《教师是幼儿同伴对话的支持者和引导者》这一组文章,旨在引起广大幼教工作者对此在理论和实践层面作更广泛、更深入的探讨。 相似文献
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Serap Sevimli-Celik Sadettin Kirazci Mustafa Levent Ince 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,39(5):323-333
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of preschool administrators and parents about preschool movement
education and movement practices in preschools. Participants were 8 preschool administrators and 21 parents from 8 randomly
selected private preschools in one of the municipalities in Ankara, Turkey. Semi-structured interviews, field visits, and
observations were conducted, and written documents were collected. The findings indicate that preschool administrators and
parents have limited content knowledge in movement education. Movement education practices were not aligned with physical-education
goals for these schools. Children’s participation in organized sport activities is valued more as an extracurricular activity
by administrators and parents. Limited indoor/outdoor spaces for movement activities seem to be among the limiting factors
for movement education practices. To conclude, there is an immediate need to improve preschool administrators’ and parents’
knowledge of movement education and to enhance preschool facilities to ensure quality movement education. 相似文献
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Tsunghui Tu 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,33(4):245-251
This study investigated preschool science environments in 20 preschool classrooms (N=20) in 13 midwestern child care centers. By operationalizing Neuman’s concept of “sciencing,” this study used The Preschool Classroom Science Materials/Equipment Checklist, the Preschool Classroom Science Activities Checklist, and the Preschool Teacher Classroom/Sciencing Form to analyze the availability of science materials, equipment, and activities for preschoolers in the classroom. Each teacher was videotaped for two consecutive days during free play time. The study showed that half of the preschool classrooms had a science area. The activities that the preschool teachers engaged were mostly unrelated to science activities (86.8%), 4.5% of the activities were related to formal sciencing, and 8.8% of the activities were related to informal sciencing. 相似文献
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Research Findings: As policymakers expand access to preschool, the sociodemographic composition of preschool classrooms will become increasingly important. These efforts may create programs that increase the concentration of children from low-income families or, alternatively, foster the creation of socioeconomically diverse preschool classrooms. What effect the creation of such contexts would have on very young children remains unclear. Using multilevel methods and data on 2,966 children in 704 prekindergarten classrooms, this study explores the relationship between socioeconomic classroom composition and children's social and cognitive development. The results indicate positive associations between the mean socioeconomic status (SES) of the class and children's receptive language, expressive language, and mathematics learning, regardless of children's own sociodemographic backgrounds and the characteristics of their classrooms. However, the analyses indicate no association between the development of social competence and class mean SES. Practice or Policy: The links between classroom SES and language and mathematics development were comparable in size to those associated with instructional quality and even children's own SES. Neither structural nor instructional characteristics of prekindergarten classrooms explained these relationships, suggesting the possibility of direct peer effects. The findings indicate that the composition of children's classrooms should be considered an important aspect of preschool quality. 相似文献
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