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现代汉语中双音节词以其数量上的绝对优势成为汉语构词形态的基本形式.但上古汉语词汇却以单音节词为主,双音节词很少.从单音节词占主导地位发展到以双音节词为主流,期间经历了漫长的发展过程,其中魏晋南北朝时期可谓是汉语词汇双音节化的第一个高峰期.本文着重从社会发展.骈文的繁盛以及佛教文化的传播三个方面对汉语词汇双音节化在魏晋南北朝时期进入繁盛期的原因进行了探究. 相似文献
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古今异义词,是指文言文中的词语或短语与现代汉语中的词语或短语字面相同而意义和用法不同的语言现象。一般分为单音节、双音节和多音节古今异义词,其中以双音节古今异义词数量最多。古今词义和用法的差异,一直是学生学习文言文的一大障碍,而单音节古今异义词辨析又是学生学习难点中的难点。 相似文献
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《鞍山师范学院学报》1993,(1)
古代汉语的词汇结构以单音节词为主体,现代汉语的词汇结构以双音节词为主体,这是汉语研究专家们早已确认的事实。至于汉语词的构造为什么由单音节向双音节发展,以及汉语词构造上双音节化的客观因素与形成踪迹是怎样的,很少见到全面的论述和令人满意的解释。本文试图从古代的训诂书、字书和韵书里保留的训诂材料,探讨一下汉语并列式合成词形成的起因。这里所谈及的,虽然仅是汉语双音节词形成发展中的一个侧面,但是对于汉语词构造双音节化发展的全面探索与综合研究,我相信是不无裨益的。 相似文献
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孙永兰 《中国校外教育(理论)》2008,(Z1)
汉语音节词是在殷商时期萌芽,周代大量产生,泰汉及唐宋持续发展,元明清时期渐踞汉语词汇的主导地位."五四"及建国后双音节词更大量涌现,至今已成为汉语词汇的绝大多数.汉语双音节词汇是在漫长的历史进程中逐渐增多的,并且成为汉语词汇的主流,代表着汉语词汇的发展趋势.汉语词汇双音节化的原因有两方面:汉语词汇双音节化与社会发展和语言本身发展密不可分;汉语词汇双音节化与民族的心理素质和习惯爱好有密切关系. 相似文献
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赵永慧 《锦州师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,(3):90-92
《水经注》是我国魏晋南北朝时期一部重要的地理学著作,书中记载了大量的地名词语。这些地名词语,反映了汉语词汇由单音节词向双音节词、由单纯词向复合词发展的趋势,反映了南北方言的差异与融合。其中,有一些是中古出现的新词,一些旧词还增添了新义。这些,都为古代汉语词汇的研究提供了宝贵的资料。 相似文献
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词组词汇化与词典释义考探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
徐时仪 《湖州师范学院学报》2004,26(3):1-6
汉语中的复合词大多是由词组词汇化凝固而成，词组词汇化反映了汉语词汇由单音节向双音节发展的趋势。双音词在发展过程中都经历了一个从非词的分立的句法层面的单位到凝固的单一的词汇单位的词汇语法化过程，即由短语词或词组演变为词。就语义而言，由单音词合成的双音词体现了一个由词组或短语词义逐渐凝固成词的变化过程。语文词典，尤其是大型语文词典，在收释由自由词组凝固而成的同形复合词时应从语言演变的角度尽可能客观地反映其古今演变的线索，揭示其词汇化过程，反映出汉语词汇演变的特点。 相似文献
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复音词是汉语词汇中的一种重要形式，它指由两个或两个以上的音节构成的词。古代汉语以单音词为主，现代汉语以复音词为主。在汉语词汇发展史上，整个词汇系统由以单音节为主发展到以多音节为主是一个很有影响的变化。这种变化与语音、词汇、语法的发展都有密切的关系，而且这种变化对汉语内部各系统都有很大的影响。因此，学术界很重视对复音词的研究。自上世纪80年代初以来，不少学人对汉语复音词进行了较大规模的研究，其研究情况可概述如下： 相似文献
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Greg Decker Greg B. Simpson Mark Yates Lawrence Locker 《Journal of Research in Reading》2003,26(3):280-286
Within the dual‐route framework it is hypothesised that readers exhibit flexibility in their use of lexical and non‐lexical information in word naming. In the present study, participants named high‐ and low‐frequency regular one‐syllable English words embedded within lists of regular or irregular one‐ or two‐syllable English words. A large number of irregular words should bias the reader toward the lexical route, whereas a list consisting exclusively of regular words should allow more efficient use of sublexical information present in the word. Word frequency effects were obtained when the list was dominated by either regular or irregular two‐syllable filler words. Furthermore, there was an interaction between frequency and regularity for the one‐syllable words, indicating that the frequency effect was significantly larger when the fillers were one‐syllable irregular words relative to one‐syllable regular words. These results extend those reported for a shallow orthography, and indicate strategic control over the use of phonological and lexical information in English word recognition. 相似文献
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Learning to read in a shallow alphabetic orthography such as Urdu may depend primarily on phonological processing skills, whilst learning to read in a deeper orthography, such as English, may place more reliance on visual processing skills. This study explores the effects of Urdu on the acquisition of English literacy skills by comparing the reading, memory and phonological processing skills of bilingual Urdu‐English and monolingual English children (7–8 years). The bilingual children had more difficulty in reading irregular English words, but were better at reading regular words and nonwords compared to the monolinguals. The poor performance of the bilingual children with irregular English words was linked to their poor visual memory skills, whilst their good performance with regular words and nonwords was related to the presence of enhanced phonological skills. The results demonstrate the transfer of first language skills to reading development in a second language. In English, first language skills can facilitate the development of either lexical or non‐lexical routes to reading. 相似文献
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Chieh-Fang Hu 《Reading and writing》2008,21(8):823-841
The effect of capitalizing on orthography in auditory learning of English words was examined in 74 children who spoke Mandarin
Chinese as their primary language. To use orthographic information for auditory word learning, children must recode printed
words phonologically to assist the reconstruction of the speech single misheard or underspecified, an ability that may depend
heavily on phonological awareness (PA). In this study, children with poorer PA of Chinese and those with better PA were taught
novel English words in an auditory learning task under two exposure conditions: auditory words presented with their written
forms and auditory words presented with undecodable symbols. Word learning performance was better in the written form condition
than in the symbol condition, but the effect was smaller for children with poorer PA. The facilitative effect was associated
with L2 PA for children with poorer PA but not for children with better PA. The results are discussed with regard to how poor
PA may constrain auditory word learning in an L2 context. 相似文献
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Nataly Loizidou‐Ieridou Jackie Masterson J. Richard Hanley 《Journal of Research in Reading》2010,33(3):247-262
The aim of the present study was to examine the spelling development of Greek‐speaking children in the early school grades. Although Greek orthography is regular for reading, it is much less transparent as far as spelling is concerned. Spelling development was investigated using a word spelling task designed to explore the effects of word length, familiarity and spelling regularity. One hundred and fifty normally developing primary school children living in Cyprus took part in the study. Results suggest that the children employed both phonological and lexical strategies in spelling Greek words. Results indicated that sub‐lexical procedures were more marked for younger children, whereas lexical processing was employed more widely by older children. The findings are interpreted in terms of stage developmental models. 相似文献
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以留学生因教材误导而形成的词汇偏误为着眼点,调查发现,目前国内使用范围较广的三种初级汉语教材在生词英文释义上主要存在着如下现象:用一个英文词解释多个汉语词,而没有对生词的搭配对象、使用环境等的不同加以限制说明;用一个英文词对应一个汉语词,但没有指明两个词在不同语言中的使用条件限制,没有指明两者并非是绝对条件的完全一一对应;用多个英文词解释一个汉语词,却没有根据学生相应的学习水平提供多义词在文中义项属于哪一个等问题。文章认为,在用英文给生词释义时不能一味追求简洁,要根据生词在文中的出现环境对其外延意义加以限制,并在此基础上探讨了解决当前问题的方法。 相似文献
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How do good and poor readers, and good and poor spellers, vary in their decisions about words which have varying spelling-to-sound correspondences? This experiment isolates the effects of visual and phonological characteristics of words with schoolchildren of varying reading and spelling ability, aged between 9 and 11.5 years. Three groups of children were tested: good readers and good spellers, good readers who were poor spellers, and children who were both poor readers and poor spellers. The difference between‘good’and‘poor’was about two years according to the standardised tests which were used. The children performed a lexical decision task, deciding whether each letter-string was a word or not. Response times to three types of words were compared: standard regular words (e.g. SLOT, SPADE), words with common orthography but irregular spelling-to-sound relationships (e.g. HAVE, FEVER), and words with unusual orthography as well as irregular spelling-to-sound relationships (e.g. BISCUIT, ANSWER). The performance of good readers but not of poor readers was impaired on the words which were phonologically irregular (compared with regular words). Poor spellers were worse again on the dually irregular words, although not significantly, while the good spellers performed almost as well on these words as on the regular words. These results have a number of implications: that the regularity effect is phonologically and not orthographically mediated, that good readers use a predominantly phonological strategy in lexical decision while poor readers do not, and that for the best readers/spellers as tested here the orthographically and phonologically irregular words have some sort of special status which allows them to gain fast and accurate responses. 相似文献
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Fernando Cuetos 《Reading and writing》1993,5(1):17-28
The aim of this study was to find out if the spelling models proposed to account for performance in languages with a deep orthography are applicable to a shallow orthography such as Spanish. For this reason, two experiments were carried out, one of lexical decision (in which subjects heard words and nonwords but only wrote down the nonwords) and the other a dictation in which the variables of grapheme frequency and lexical priming were manipulated. The results coincide with those found in the English language as in both experiments the two variables produced significant effects: the variable of grapheme frequency, which indicates the existence of a process of phonological spelling and the variable of lexical priming which indicates the existence of a lexical process. 相似文献
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Fingerspelling is an integral part of American Sign Language (ASL) and it is also an important aspect of becoming bilingual in English and ASL. Even though fingerspelling is based on English orthography, the development of fingerspelling does not parallel the development of reading in hearing children. Research reveals that deaf children may initially treat fingerspelled words as lexical items rather than a series of letters that represent English orthography and only later begin to learn to link handshapes to English graphemes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a training method that uses fingerspelling and phonological patterns that resemble those found in lexicalized fingerspelling to teach deaf students unknown English vocabulary would increase their ability to learn the fingerspelled and orthographic version of a word. There were 21 deaf students (aged 4-14 years) who participated. Results show that students were better able to recognize and write the printed English word as well as fingerspell the word, when training incorporated fingerspelling that is more lexicalized. The discussion focuses on the degree to which fingerspelling can serve as a visual phonological bridge as an aid to decode English print. 相似文献
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This study compared the early reading development of five‐year‐old children who were learning to read either English (an opaque orthography) or Welsh (a shallow orthography). The children were being educated in Welsh and English‐speaking primary schools in Wales during their first year of formal reading instruction. Teaching methods in both schools emphasised phonics. The reading, letter recognition and phonological awareness skills of the children were tested at three points in the year (November 1998, March 1999 and June 1999). By March, the children who were learning to read in Welsh were performing better than the English‐speaking group at word recognition. The English‐speaking children showed some improvement in their ability to read regular words across the three test phases, but no significant improvement in their ability to read irregular words. The children learning to read in Welsh also performed better on a phoneme counting task in March and June than the English‐speaking children. Both groups performed similarly on tests of letter recognition throughout the year. The results suggest that a transparent orthography facilitates reading acquisition and phoneme awareness skills from the earliest stages of reading development onward. 相似文献
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Jing Chen Tzu-Jung Lin Yu-Min Ku Jie Zhang Ann O’Connell 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2018,22(3):209-224
Concept of word—the awareness of how words differ from nonwords or other linguistic properties—is important to learning to read Chinese because words in Chinese texts are not separated by space, and most characters can be productively compounded with other characters to form new words. The current study examined the effects of reader, word, and character attributes on Chinese children’s concept of word in text. A total of 164 fifth-grade Chinese children participated in this study. Concept of word was measured by children’s lexical decisions about words and nonwords embedded in strings of characters. Cross-classified multilevel logistic models showed that reader attributes, including reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and morphological awareness, interacted with certain word or character attributes in predicting children’s lexical decisions about words or nonwords. This study sheds light on the complex relationships between reader, word, and character attributes in the formation of concept of word in Chinese. 相似文献