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1.
WU Xiangrong 《Frontiers of Education in China》2007,2(1):123
The paper estimates the returns to overeducation by the Over-Required and Undereducation (ORU) model. The estimated results indicate that the returns to overeducation are positive, but lower than the returns to required education, which suggests that while overeducated employees’ earnings are diminished, they still can benefit from it. The paper also attempts to estimate the returns to overeducation by occupations, industries and regions. The result shows that in the field where educational level has much to do with the skills required by employers, education-job match has a greater effect on one’s earnings, such as professionals and skilled persons. On the contrary, education-job mismatch has little effect on one’s earnings, such as non-skilled employees, administrative and clerical employees. In addition, the returns to overeducation are lower or insignificant for those working in competitive but lower paid industries and areas. Conversely, the returns to overeducation are higher for those working in the highly monopolized and highly paid industry and area. It can be argued that regardless of the incidence of overeducation, those with higher level of education prefer to choose the lower level of job in these industries and areas. 相似文献
2.
Recent research on economic returns to higher education in the United States suggests that those with the highest wage returns to a college degree are least likely to obtain one. We extend the study of heterogeneous returns to tertiary education across multiple institutional contexts, investigating how the relationship between wage returns and the propensity to complete a degree varies by the level of expansion, differentiation, and cost of higher education. Drawing on panel data and matching techniques, we compare findings from the US with selection into degree completion in Germany and the UK. Contrary to previous studies, we find little evidence for population level heterogeneity in economic returns to higher education. 相似文献
3.
College students select majors for a variety of reasons, including expected returns in the labor market. This paper demonstrates an empirical method linking a census of US degrees and fields of study with measures of the knowledge content of jobs. The study combines individual wage and employment data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with ratings on 27 knowledge content areas from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), thus providing measures of the economy-wide knowledge content of jobs. Fields of study and corresponding BA degree data from the Digest of Education Statistics for 1976–1977 through 2001–2002 are linked to these 27 content areas. We find that the choice of college major is responsive to changes in the knowledge composition of jobs and, more problematically, the wage returns to types of knowledge. Women's degree responsiveness to knowledge content appears to be stronger than men's, but their response to wage returns is weak. 相似文献
4.
Luigi Filippini 《Economics of Education Review》1981,1(3):367-379
A human capital approach is assumed to explain wage differentials among workers in an input-output framework, where skilled workers are produced by means of goods and labor of different kinds. The first part discusses the solution of the input-output system; wage differentials are analyzed in terms of the rate of profit. In the second part, on the basis of an education matrix compiled ad hoc, hypothetical wage differentials are calculated according to education costs and the changes of skill prices at various levels of nonwage incomes derived. 相似文献
5.
Luísa Cerdeira Belmiro Cabrito Tomás Patrocínio Rui Brites 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(1):68-77
The efforts made by most countries to accelerate economic development have included a significant investment in education. It has been argued that investment in education, particularly higher education, was itself a potential factor in economic development. Education has become a relatively easy means of improving access to the labour market. However, in Portugal, the recent trend has been reversed, and the country now faces a growing number of university graduates in several fields of education and training that do not have a job based on their formal qualifications. Despite the differences of unemployment by area of education and training, unemployment of the young skilled has been a problem in recent years. Therefore, following this unemployment trend, there has been growing the exodus of highly skilled professionals from the Portuguese economy, leaving it with a reduced supply of skilled people. This article discusses the employability of graduates from several academic areas and discusses the educational and economic policies that generate a real brain drain. 相似文献
6.
Xiangrong Wu 《Frontiers of Education in China》2008,3(1):123-136
The paper estimates the returns to overeducation by the Over-Required and Undereducation (ORU) model. The estimated results
indicate that the returns to overeducation are positive, but lower than the returns to required education, which suggests
that while overeducated employees’ earnings are diminished, they still can benefit from it. The paper also attempts to estimate
the returns to overeducation by occupations, industries and regions. The result shows that in the field where educational
level has much to do with the skills required by employers, education-job match has a greater effect on one’s earnings, such
as professionals and skilled persons. On the contrary, education-job mismatch has little effect on one’s earnings, such as
non-skilled employees, administrative and clerical employees. In addition, the returns to overeducation are lower or insignificant
for those working in competitive but lower paid industries and areas. Conversely, the returns to overeducation are higher
for those working in the highly monopolized and highly paid industry and area. It can be argued that regardless of the incidence
of overeducation, those with higher level of education prefer to choose the lower level of job in these industries and areas.
__________
Translated from Beijing Daxue Jiaoyu Pinglun 北京大学教育评论 (Peking University Education Review), 2007, 5(2): 136–146 相似文献
7.
8.
Tine Stanovnik 《Economics of Education Review》1997,16(4):443-449
This article provides estimates of the returns to education in Slovenia. A Mincerian earnings function was estimated on three data sets, i.e. the 1978, 1983 and 1993 Household Expenditure Survey, with the subsample consisting of households where adults were employees (in the public or private sector). The estimated rates of return for all educational levels and for both men and women were rather low in 1978 and 1983. This can be explained with a tightly regulated labour market, with direct state interference-and thus small wage differentials. In 1993, the estimated rates of return increased considerably, though they are still somewhat lower than in most developed market economies. This increase was-without doubt-caused by a more deregulated labour market and a strong push towards market liberalization. 相似文献
9.
Unlike previous studies on educational returns in developing countries, this paper examines the distributional impacts of education on wages using a recently developed econometric approach – unconditional quantile regressions. The results yield unconditional impacts of education at different points of the wage distribution and, therefore, are more informative from a policy perspective than both traditional regression and quantile regression methods commonly used for estimating educational returns. We use a nationally representative dataset on labor markets in India, collected in 2005–2006. The results reveal significant heterogeneity in education's effects along the wage distribution and striking differences in these patterns by gender: the effect of primary education is found to be significantly higher for women than men in the middle of the wage distribution; while the effect of post primary education exhibits a distinct pattern whereby women get significantly higher rewards than men above the median and significantly lower rewards than men below the median. These findings have direct implications for the targeting of education policies that seek to reduce gender wage inequality. 相似文献
10.
Peer Ederer Alexander Patt Silvia Castellazzi 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2015,34(4):430-447
We estimate the market value that employers assign to the complex problem solving (CPS) skills of their employees, using individual-level Mincer-style wage regressions. For the purpose of the study, we collected new and unique data using psychometric measures of CPS and an extensive background questionnaire on employees’ personal and work history. The data were collected in 16 firms (23 establishments) in Germany, Spain, South Africa, Denmark, Slovakia, Switzerland, and France in the period 2012–2014. We find significant economic returns to CPS in our sample. One standard deviation higher CPS is associated with 10–20% higher hourly wages. The returns to CPS are sizeable even after controlling for fluid intelligence, suggesting that CPS probably captures skills important for modern production that are beyond what general intelligence tests can measure. 相似文献
11.
There is hardly any estimate of the monetary returns to schooling in the labor market in India based on national level representative data for the recent period. This paper provides estimates of the returns to education in wage employment in India by gender, age cohort and location (rural–urban) for the most recent period 1993/4, and also evaluates the changes in returns over a period of time from 1983–94 using data from a large national level household survey. The estimates show that the returns to education increase up to the secondary level and decline thereafter. There is evidence of substantial gender and rural–urban differences in the returns to schooling. Investment in women's education, particularly at the middle, lower secondary and higher secondary levels, is more profitable than that for men in 1983 and also in 1993/4. The returns to women's primary and middle levels of education have declined while those to secondary and college levels have increased during the decade 1983–94. 相似文献
12.
Joan Payne 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(2):167-179
The paper uses time series data constructed from the annual General Household Survey to examine the impact of increasing qualifications, rising unemployment and growing government intervention on the labour market experiences of young people in Great Britain from 1974 to 1981. The data show that for those not continuing in full‐time education the rise in qualifications has been at the lower levels only. For young males growing unemployment after 1979 was associated with a loss of jobs at all skill levels, but the proportion in skilled manual jobs fell steadily throughout the period. For females growing unemployment was associated in the early part of the period with a loss of skilled white collar jobs and in the later part with a loss of less skilled jobs. The decline in the proportion in skilled jobs was particularly marked for the unqualified. While falling unemployment in 1978/79 brought more skilled jobs for 16‐year‐olds, including the unqualified, older teenagers gained only a rise in the proportion in less skilled jobs. Since 1979 the qualifications of young people in skilled manual occupations have risen faster than in other occupation groups. Some implications of these trends are discussed. 相似文献
13.
This paper analyzes the dynamics of rate of returns for postgraduate education and the determinants of wage premiums for postgraduate
labor, especially for the impact of higher education expansions, in terms of quantity and quality, since the late 1990s in
Taiwan. Utilizing quasi-panel data over the 1990–2004 period and employing the double fixed effect model, the empirical results
first confirm the existence of wage premiums for workers with postgraduate degrees. However, the analysis on the dynamics
of wage premiums finds that it ranged from only 1.40 to 11.67% and decreased sharply in 2004, indicating that the pecuniary
reward for postgraduate qualification seems not to be as high as expected. Along with the rapid expansion of higher education,
the concern about its negative impact on rate of returns to education is witnessed in this study. The sharp increase in the
supply of postgraduate labors appears to have a negative impact on an individual’s wage premium. Similarly, a decline in the
postgraduate labor quality along with higher education expansion has contributed to a negative wage effect. 相似文献
14.
Continuous training and wages: An empirical analysis using a comparison-group approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Katja Görlitz 《Economics of Education Review》2011,30(4):691-701
Using German linked employer-employee data, this paper investigates the short-term impact of on-the-job training on wages. The applied estimation approach was first introduced by Leuven and Oosterbeek (2008). Wages of employees who intended to participate in training but did not do so because of a random event are compared to wages of training participants. The estimated wage returns are statistically insignificant. Furthermore, the decision to participate in training is associated with sizeable selection effects. On average, participants have a wage advantage of more than 4% compared to non-participants. 相似文献
15.
Returns to education remain an important parameter of interest in economic analysis. A large literature estimates these returns, often carefully addressing issues such as selection into wage employment and endogeneity in terms of completed schooling. There has been much less exploration of whether the estimates of Mincerian returns depend on how information about wage work is collected. Relying on a survey experiment in Tanzania, this paper finds that estimates of the returns to education vary by questionnaire design, but not by whether the information on employment and wages is self-reported or collected by a proxy respondent. The differences derived from questionnaire type are substantial, varying from higher returns of 5 percentage points among the most well educated men to 16 percentage points among the least well educated women. These differences are at magnitudes similar to the bias in ordinary least squares estimation, which receives considerable attention in the literature. The findings demonstrate that survey design matters in the estimation of returns to schooling and that care is needed in comparing across contexts and over time, particularly if the data are generated through different surveys. 相似文献
16.
Michael Modarelli 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2006,13(2):241-252
The author addresses the growing concern with part‐time employment within the academy and argues that reliance on part‐time faculty in universities is morally wrong because this practice violates Kant's respect for persons principle. Further, because universities benefit from the employment of part‐timers, the latter are exploited for gains in the universities' end, which undermines the very moral nature of education as a business practice between and among persons. To maintain morality in higher education, universities have a duty to provide a living wage and meaningful work for their employees. 相似文献
17.
In this article, in a context of wage equations with sample selection, we propose a novel interpretation of the partial effects linked to education as additional measures of returns to education that complement the traditional one, which is directly obtained from the estimation of the wage offer equation. Using European Household Panel data for Spain these partial effects were calculated. The results show that there are incentives in Spain for investing in education not only because it means an increase in wages but also because it raises the probability of obtaining any wage at all. 相似文献
18.
Margareta Nikolovska 《Higher Education in Europe》2004,29(3):319-328
The transitional process of the FYR of Macedonia since independence in 1991 has been marked by a severe economic crisis, which has led to a significant increase in the levels of unemployment (31.9 percent in 2002) and poverty (22.7 percent in 2001). The turbulent situation in the Balkan region (war in the countries of the Former Yugoslavia) and finally the internal conflict in 2001 have created a strong tendency for migration. The present study is focused primarily on providing evidence for the migration and outflow of skilled labour. It looks in more depth at the reasons for brain drain, at the current policies of the country to tackle it, and gives some practical recommendations for policy‐makers in the area of brain drain. The paper explores the links between unemployment of the highly educated in the FYR of Macedonia and brain drain. Further, the paper discuses the situation within higher education: why has the number of domestic students risen so drastically in recent years and why have more and more students opted to study abroad? What damage will this tendency cause in the short and medium term? Are there some returns from high skilled emigration that offset or even improve source country development prospects? 相似文献
19.
Skill development has been a major policy agenda in several countries and there is a lot of emphasis on the promotion of vocational education and training (VET) programmes. This paper investigates the labour market outcomes of the vocationally trained population in India using the data from a nationally representative survey on employment and unemployment. We find that a large section of the population in the age group 15–59 years does not have any kind of formal training. Among the VET holders, a large share is accounted for by non-formal trainees. Quite a high proportion of formal trainees in the workforce remain unemployed reflecting underutilisation of human resource. We also examine the extent to which individuals’ training matches their occupational levels and find that overall about two-thirds of the trainees are employed in occupations related to the field of training. Further, we compare the returns to general secondary and vocational education streams using the standard earnings function accounting for the sample selection bias. Our findings show that the relative returns to vocational education is higher than that to general secondary education. 相似文献
20.
Groot and Maassen van den Brink (International Journal of Manpower 21, 584, 2000a) provide a useful summary of the incidence of overeducation and undereducation. Unfortunately, by combining non-compatible estimates of the impact of surplus schooling (and under schooling) on earnings they potentially bias their estimates downward (upward). This paper bypasses this potential bias by examining only wage estimates that use the “standard” required-surplus-deficit education model of Duncan and Hoffman (1981). The paper also expands the meta-analysis by including approximately 50 additional wage estimates. On average, the literature finds that the premium paid for overeducation is approximately equal to the penalty for undereducation, but lower than the returns associated with an increase in required education. Overeducated individuals earn more than their properly educated co-workers, but less than others with their level of schooling. The paper also examines how different definitions of required education impact the returns from overeducation and undereducation. 相似文献