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1.
The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to examine uses of evidence inuniversity students' writing of scientific argument. The study was conducted in anintroductory level oceanography course in a large public university. In this course students draw on large-scale geological data sets provided by an interactive CD-ROM,`Our Dynamic Planet' (Prothero 1995), to write a scientific technical paper. We examined the uses of evidence in two ways. First, we conducted interviews with undergraduate oceanography students n = 9, non-oceanography undergraduate students n = 8 , and course instructors n = 4 to assess the differences in interpretation of uses of scientific evidence for high ranked and low ranked student papers from a previous academic year. Second, we applied our proposed argumentation analysis to student writing to examine the formulation of evidence in these high and low ranked papers. We draw on these findings to discuss ways of teaching students the construction of argument in scientific writing. 相似文献
2.
In this study, an anthropological perspective informed by sociolinguistic discourse analysis was used to examine how teachers, students, and scientists constructed ways of investigating and knowing in science. Events in a combined fourth‐ and fifth‐grade elementary class were studied to document how the participating teacher provided opportunities for students to diverge from the intended curriculum to pursue their questions concerning the behavior of sea animals in a marine science observation tank. Analysis of the classroom discourse identified ways that particular teaching strategies provided opportunities for student engagement in scientific practices. Implications of this study for the teaching of science in elementary classrooms include the value of student‐initiated science explorations under the conditions of uncertainty and for topics in which the teacher lacked relevant disciplinary knowledge. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 237–258, 2000. 相似文献
3.
Giulia Tasquier Olivia Levrini Justin Dillon 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(4):539-563
The scientific community has been debating climate change for over two decades. In the light of certain arguments put forward by the aforesaid community, the EU has recommended a set of innovative reforms to science teaching such as incorporating environmental issues into the scientific curriculum, thereby helping to make schools a place of civic education. However, despite these European recommendations, relatively little emphasis is still given to climate change within science curricula. Climate change, although potentially engaging for students, is a complex topic that poses conceptual difficulties and emotional barriers, as well as epistemological challenges. Whilst the conceptual and emotional barriers have already been the object of several studies, students’ reactions to the epistemological issues raised by climate changes have so far been rarely explored in science education research and thus are the main focus of this paper. This paper describes a study concerning the implementation of teaching materials designed to focus on the epistemological role of ‘models and the game of modelling’ in science and particularly when dealing with climate change. The materials were implemented in a course of 15 hours (five 3-hour lessons) for a class of Italian secondary-school students (grade 11; 16–17 years old). The purpose of the study is to investigate students’ reactions to the epistemological dimension of the materials, and to explore if and how the material enabled them to develop their epistemological knowledge on models. 相似文献
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5.
Nancy W. Brickhouse Zoubeida R. Dagher William J. Letts IV Harry L. Shipman 《科学教学研究杂志》2000,37(4):340-362
Arguments for teaching about the nature of science have been made for several decades. The most recent science education policy documents continue to assert the need for students to understand the nature of science. However, little research actually explores how students develop these understandings in the context of a specific course. We examine the growth in students' understanding about the nature of astronomy in a one‐semester college course. In addition to student work collected for 340 students in the course, we also interviewed focus students three times during the course. In this article we briefly describe class data and discuss in detail how five students developed their ideas throughout the course. In particular, we show the ways in which students respond to instruction with respect to the extent to which they (a) demand and examine evidence used for justifying claims, (b) integrate scientific and religious views, and (c) distinguish between scientific and nonscientific theories. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 340–362, 2000. 相似文献
6.
Anna T. Danielsson Maria Berge Malena Lidar 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2018,13(1):163-184
The purpose of this paper is to develop and illustrate an analytical framework for exploring how relations between knowledge and power are constituted in science and technology classrooms. In addition, the empirical purpose of this paper is to explore how disciplinary knowledge and knowledge-making are constituted in teacher–student interactions. In our analysis we focus on how instances of teacher–student interaction can be understood as simultaneously contributing to meaning-making and producing power relations. The analytical framework we have developed makes use of practical epistemological analysis in combination with a Foucauldian conceptualisation of power, assuming that privileging of educational content needs to be understood as integral to the execution of power in the classroom. The empirical data consists of video-recorded teaching episodes, taken from a teaching sequence of three 1-h lessons in one Swedish technology classroom with sixteen 13–14 years old students. In the analysis we have identified how different epistemological moves contribute to the normalisation and exclusion of knowledge as well as ways of knowledge-making. Further, by looking at how the teacher communicates what counts as (ir)relevant knowledge or (ir)relevant ways of acquiring knowledge we are able to describe what kind of technology student is made desirable in the analysed classroom. 相似文献
7.
The Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, Think of the next Experiment (CREATE) strategy for teaching and learning uses intensive analysis of primary literature to improve students’ critical-thinking and content integration abilities, as well as their self-rated science attitudes, understanding, and confidence. CREATE also supports maturation of undergraduates’ epistemological beliefs about science. This approach, originally tested with upper-level students, has been adapted in Introduction to Scientific Thinking, a new course for freshmen. Results from this course''s initial semesters indicate that freshmen in a one-semester introductory course that uses a narrowly focused set of readings to promote development of analytical skills made significant gains in critical-thinking and experimental design abilities. Students also reported significant gains in their ability to think scientifically and understand primary literature. Their perceptions and understanding of science improved, and multiple aspects of their epistemological beliefs about science gained sophistication. The course has no laboratory component, is relatively inexpensive to run, and could be adapted to any area of scientific study. 相似文献
8.
College student epistemological perspectives across knowledge domains: A proposed grounded theory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Scholars have studied epistemologicaldevelopment – or how one understands knowledgeand knowing – of college students for manyyears. Research in this domain has includedbenchmarking studies of epistemologicaldevelopment, examinations of how curricularinnovations impact epistemology, and somestudies of differences in epistemologicaldevelopment based on disciplinary areas. Thelatter group of studies has generally focusedon differences in epistemological beliefs forstudents who are studying in two differentdomains (e.g., nursing students versus physicsstudents). In this study, we qualitativelyinvestigate whether the epistemologicalperspectives of 60 science/engineering collegestudents differs across the disciplinary areasof the sciences and the humanities. Our resultsindicate that such differences do exist andinclude a proposed grounded theory thatdescribes how students' epistemologies may varyacross knowledge domains. 相似文献
9.
Building on work examining differences in the emphasis faculty place on effective educational practices, this study uses data
from nearly 8,000 faculty members from the 2007 Faculty Survey of Student Engagement to explore how disciplinary area moderates
the effect of teaching a general education course (GEC) on the emphasis faculty place on deep approaches to learning. Results
showed that the GEC effect was strongest in hard-applied-life fields and weakest in hard-pure-life and soft-applied-life fields,
suggesting that proponents of general education reform need to temper their efforts by a clearer understanding of disciplinary
differences. 相似文献
10.
Hofer BK 《Contemporary educational psychology》2000,25(4):707-405
A growing body of work addresses the nature of epistemological development and epistemological beliefs: how individuals come to know, the theories and beliefs they hold about knowing, and the manner in which such epistemological premises are a part of and an influence on the cognitive processes of thinking and reasoning. This study investigates the dimensionality of personal epistemology as hypothesized in a recent review of the literature as well as the nature of disciplinary differences. First-year college students responded to a set of questionnaires that included an adaptation of a domain-general epistemological instrument and a discipline-focused questionnaire. Results suggest that there is an underlying dimensionality to epistemological theories that cuts across disciplinary domains, but that students, at least by the 1st year of college, discriminate as to how these theories differ by discipline. Disciplinary differences were strong, suggesting that 1st-year college students see knowledge in science as more certain and unchanging than in psychology, are more likely to regard personal knowledge and firsthand experience as a basis for justification of knowing in psychology than in science, view authority and expertise as the source of knowledge more in science than in psychology, and perceive that in science, more than in psychology, truth is attainable by experts. This contradicts existing research that suggests that epistemological development is domain general and that epistemological beliefs do not differ by discipline. 相似文献
11.
Po-Hung Liu 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(3):473-499
The present study observed how Taiwanese college students’ epistemological beliefs about mathematics evolved during a year-long
historical approach calculus course. On the basis of the characteristics of initial accounts, seven students were invited
to participate in this study and were divided into two groups. An open-ended questionnaire, mathematics biographies, in-class
reports, and follow-up semi-structured interviews served as instruments for identifying their epistemological beliefs. Furthermore,
four randomly selected students from another calculus class constituted the control group. Results indicated that most of
the students receiving this course exhibited relatively significant changes in their epistemological beliefs of mathematics,
but trends and extents in their epistemological development varied across groups as well as individuals. This study identifies
the potential relationships among the course features, initial beliefs, and the tendency of belief development, followed by
a discussion of the mechanism of belief change and an afterthought on HPM approach. 相似文献
12.
Comparisons of large samples of course and teaching evaluation questionnaire data show consistent disciplinary differences. The current study examined the disciplinary differences in a theoretical model positing the impact of the perceived nature of teaching and learning environment on the development of generic capabilities by testing of (1) whether a common model of good teaching operated across disciplines and (2) the extent of deployment of teaching variables and their impact on learning outcomes. The sample consisted of 3,305 first and third year Chinese undergraduates of a university in Hong Kong, divided into four broad disciplinary groupings. Multiple-group structural equation modelling analysis showed configural invariance of the hypothesised model, suggesting a common model of good teaching across disciplines; and significant differences in the magnitude of structural paths and latent mean values across the four disciplinary groups were obtained reflecting differences between disciplines in the extent to which elements within the teaching and learning environment were brought into play. Possible reasons in terms of the epistemological nature of the disciplines were given to explain for the disciplinary variations. 相似文献
13.
Susan Mathieson 《Higher Education》2012,63(5):549-564
There is a growing awareness of the need to move beyond generic approaches to teaching, learning and assessment (TLA) to consider
the importance of context in shaping TLA practices. However, efforts to engage with context have focused primarily on disciplinary
epistemologies and in particular the differences between hard, soft, pure and applied disciplines. This paper argues that
disciplines should be considered not just in terms of epistemological differences, but as socially situated practices. This
research is based on interviews with 30 academics across 4 merging disciplinary workgroups of a South African university.
A framework for exploring TLA workgroup cultures is proposed, drawing on a modified communities of practice theory (COPT),
that moves beyond functionalist accounts of socially situated practices in COPT to focus on how departmental TLA cultures
mediate between individual agency and a range of structural factors. When looking at disciplinary TLA cultures through this
lens this research found that what was more significant than the differences between disciplines based on epistemological
difference were differences in the ways academic workgroups mediated between the knowledge structures of the discipline and
the challenges of a society in transition with competing expectations of students, knowledge, the state, marketization, and
the demands for reconstruction and development. It was thus the work done in localised workgroups on disciplinary epistemologies
in response to a range of contextual factors that was found to be more significant than differences between the disciplines
in defining TLA cultures. 相似文献
14.
Virginie Albe 《Research in Science Education》2008,38(1):67-90
Socio-scientific issues in class have been proposed in an effort to democratise science in society. A micro-ethnographic approach
has been used to explore how students elaborate arguments on a socio-scientific controversy in the context of small group
discussions. Several processes of group argumentation have been identified. Students’ arguments were elaborated from scientific
data, common ideas and epistemological and strategic considerations. Students’ social interactions influenced the patterns
of argumentation elaborated within the group discussions. Implications of this study for the teaching of socio-scientific
issues in class are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Although a well‐corroborated scientific theory, the theory of evolution has continued to cause dilemmas for some individuals who have not easily been able to accommodate the concepts of this theory within their “cognitive culture.” The reason lies in the overlap of some ideas that the theory advocates with other social, epistemological, and religious beliefs. This study describes how 11 college biology students who completed a course on the theory of evolution perceive the relationship among their epistemological beliefs about science, their beliefs about religion, and their perception of nature and causality and their position regarding the theory of evolution. It also compares the different positions of the students to that of the course instructor. Questionnaires and semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Qualitative methods were used to analyze the data and identify the various positions of the students and course instructor. The students' positions ranged from complete acceptance to complete rejection of the theory of evolution. The results suggest that students' personal beliefs should not be dismissed or underestimated when teaching the theory of evolution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 395–419, 2008 相似文献
16.
疫情当前,面对计算机基础较为薄弱的文科生,程序设计语言课程如何顺利开展在线教学并保障教学质量,是一个值得探讨的问题。以韩山师范学院3个专业6个文科班的学生为调查对象,运用问卷调查法从个人基本信息、以往在线学习经历、对本门课的在线学习需求3个维度进行数据统计与分析。基于调查结果,提出在文科生程序设计语言课程在线教学中,可通过搭建课程框架、组织针对性的课程资源、采用异步教学方式、积极创设课堂活动、关注学生学习进度5个方面提升教学质量。 相似文献
17.
Gwyneth Hughes 《科学教学研究杂志》2000,37(5):426-440
Science education reformers have argued that presenting science in the abstract is neither motivating nor inclusive of the majority of students. Science–technology–society (STS) curricula that give science an accessible social context have developed in response, but controversy surrounds the extent to which students should be introduced to socioscientific debate. Using material from a case study of Salters' Advanced Chemistry in the United Kingdom, this article demonstrates how socioscientific material is marginalized through the structures and language of syllabus texts and through classroom practices. This means students are unlikely to engage with socioscientific aspects in their course. Socioscientific content is gendered through association with social concerns and epistemological uncertainty, and because gender is asymmetric, socioscience is devalued with respect to the masculinity of abstract science. Teachers fear that extensive coverage of socioscience devalues the curriculum, alienates traditional science students and jeopardizes their own status as gatekeepers of scientific knowledge. Thus, although STS curricula such as Salters' offer potential for making science more accessible, the article concludes that greater awareness of, and challenges to, gender binaries could result in more effective STS curriculum reform. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach: 37: 426–440, 2000. 相似文献
18.
Cathal O'Siochru 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2018,54(3):319-334
In the United Kingdom, education studies degree courses offer students with a range of career plans both inside and outside the formal education system, a chance to study the foundations of education. The disciplinary nature of education studies has been debated from a variety of theoretical perspectives. This article explores the usefulness of the concept of personal epistemological beliefs in exploring the issue of disciplinarity in education studies and contributing to that debate. An empirical study utilizing measures of personal epistemological beliefs and epistemic match sought to establish whether students on an education studies degree course in the United Kingdom took an interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary approach to applying the disciplines of education studies to their assignments. The results show students apparently alternating between these two approaches and thus highlighting some of the potential of personal epistemological beliefs in exploring the nature of education studies and other similar courses. 相似文献
19.
Dialogue, as a communication form characterized by its commitment to inclusiveness and rationality, has long been advocated by educators as a mechanism for helping students become better thinkers. Unfortunately, numerous claims about the educational potential of participating in dialogue have not resulted in substantial changes in classroom practices. Studies have consistently shown that in today's schools the dominant discourse remains largely monologic. In this article, we present a testable theory of change that suggests how sociocultural processes in a dialogic classroom influence students’ development. We identify and discuss three learning outcomes of dialogic teaching, including epistemological understanding, argument skills, and disciplinary knowledge. We then critically review empirical research related to the proposed theory, highlighting unsolved questions, inconsistencies, and directions for future studies. Finally, we focus on the implications of the proposed integrated theory and reviewed research for teachers and their language use in a classroom. 相似文献
