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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(60):61-85
Summary This study examines the search tactics used by Web users to start their searches and deal with search problems such as too many postings and no relevant postings. Four search topics were developed to allow for comparison of search tactics used in four types of searches. The tactics analyzed include search statements, number of search statements, starting points, and tactics to solve the two search problems mentioned above. Search statements were searched in Alta Vista to determine their success and their nature was analyzed. With regard to the tactics used to address search problems, t-tests and chi-square tests found no difference between searches for texts and searches for graphic information, and between known-item searches and subject searches. Some of Web users' search tactics were similar to those for online searching or online catalog searches, but several tactics were unique to Web searching. 相似文献
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There is a current trend to make museum collections widely accessible by digitising cultural heritage collections for the Internet. The present study takes a user perspective and explores the characteristics of online museum visitors' web search behaviour. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was deployed in a case study at a National Museum of Military History. Quantitatively, data from a web questionnaire survey and a user study of interactive searching behaviour were collected and analysed. Qualitatively, observation protocols were coded and analysed based on inductive content analysis. It was found that metadata elements on factual object related information, provenience, and historic context was indicated to be relevant by the majority of the respondents, characterising the group of special interest museum visitors as information hungry. Further, four main characteristics of online museum visitors' searching behaviour were identified: (a) searching behaviour has a strong visual aspect, (b) topical searching is predominantly exploratory, (c) users apply broad known item searches, and (d) meaning making is central to the search process. 相似文献
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Paula Younger 《Health information and libraries journal》2010,27(1):2-10
Background: Reviews of how doctors and nurses search for online information are relatively rare, particularly where research examines how they decide whether to use Internet‐based resources. Original research into their online searching behaviour is also rare, particularly in real world clinical settings. as is original research into their online searching behaviour. This review collates some of the existing evidence, from 1995 to 2009. Objectives: To establish whether there are any significant differences in the ways and reasons why doctors and nurses seek out online information; to establish how nurses and doctors locate information online; to establish whether any conclusions can be drawn from the existing evidence that might assist health and medical libraries in supporting users. Methods: An initial scoping literature search was carried out on PubMed and CINAHL to identify existing reviews of the subject area and relevant original research between 1995 and 2009. Following refinement, further searches were carried out on Embase (Ovid), LISA and LISTA. Following the initial scoping search, two journals were identified as particularly relevant for further table of contents searching. Articles were exclused where the main focus was on patients searching for information or where the focus was the evaluation of online‐based educational software or tutorials. Articles were included if they were review or meta‐analysis articles, where they reported original research, and where the primary focus of the online search was for participants’ ongoing Continuing Professional Development (CPD). The relevant articles are outlined, with details of numbers of participants, response rates, and the user groups. Results: There appear to be no significant differences between the reasons why doctors and nurses seek online Internet‐based evidence, or the ways in which they locate that evidence. Reasons for searching for information online are broadly the same: primarily patient care and CPD (Continuing Professional Development). The perceived barriers to accessing online information are the same in both groups. There is a lack of awareness of the library as a potential online information enabler. Conclusions: Libraries need to examine their policy and practice to ensure that they facilitate access to online evidence‐based information, particularly where users are geographically remote or based in the community rather than in a hospital setting. Librarians also need to take into account the fact that medical professionals on duty may not be able to take advantage of the academic model of online information research. Further research is recommended into the difference between the idealised academic model of searching and real world practicalities; and how other user groups search, for example patients. 相似文献
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《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(1):15-33
This study sought to better understand search performance using an online portal containing a collection of heterogeneous library resources for K-12 students. Search performance is examined in terms of search success, search time, strategy, and effort. This study revealed unsuccessful searches tended to take longer than successful searches; preference of search strategy (searching vs. browsing) did not affect search success outcome; students tended to perform well in tasks for which they were able to use various strategies, and unsuccessful searches tended to use more effort—more mouse clicks, more keystrokes, more queries, more sites visited, and more strategy shifts. Implications of the study are also discussed. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(34):15-26
The increasing availability of computerized information sources and networking capabilities, along with the proliferation of microcomputers in faculty homes and offices, has led to increased demands for direct access to databases. The librarian's role as online search intermediary appears to be changing from performing searches directly to aiding users in doing their own searching. The Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN), one of the major cataloging utilities, offers a wealth of bibliographic information in both its online union catalog, and its many specialized files. The University at Albany Libraries participated in a pilot project involving faculty end-user access to RLIN. This paper reports on the Libraries' experience with the pilot project and the continuing end-user access program for faculty. Despite some reservations about the relative user-friendliness of the RLIN search system, the author enthusiastcally endorses the use of RLIN as an end-user database. 相似文献
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Current online stores suffer from a cardinal problem. There are too many products to offer, and customers find themselves lost due to the vast selection. As opposed to traditional stores, there is little or no guidance that helps the customers as they search. In this paper, we propose a new approach for designing a successful personalized online store enabling the successful searching of customers in the store. This approach is based on algorithms commonly used in recommendation systems, but which are rarely used for searches in online stores. We employ this approach for both keyword and browse searches, and present an implementation of this approach. We compared several search guide algorithms experimentally, and the experiments' results show that the suggested algorithms are applicable to the domain of online stores. 相似文献
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The Alfred Taubman Medical Library at the University of Michigan has offered instruction in online literature searching to third-year pharmacy students as a component of the course "Drug Information and Scientific Literature Evaluation" since 1983. In the spring of 1989, a follow-up study was conducted to assess the impact of instruction on four classes of graduates. Of a pool of 151 graduates, 90 (60%) responded to a mailed questionnaire on their use of information and computerized literature searching. The respondents were divided into four subgroups: end-user searchers, users of intermediaries, end users who used intermediaries, and those who did not use computerized literature search systems. Seventy-two percent of the respondents used some type of computerized literature searching, and 42% performed their own searches. The four subgroups differed in general computer use, familiarity with MEDLINE search terminology, information use, reasons for using or not using literature searching, and characteristics of searches (i.e., type, time frame, amount, and frequency). Training in end-user search systems appears to have had an impact on the continued use of computerized literature searching several years after the formal educational program. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(79-80):57-65
Summary Digital reference is an important research area with the potential to enhance information delivery to library patrons. The process of digital reference involves the challenges and problems of an interactive computer-mediated reference interview. Related studies of mediated online searching have identified the major tasks during a mediated online search. The search intermediary's tasks included gathering information on the information need, previous searches on the topic by the information seeker, search terms and strategies, database selection, search procedures, system's outputs and relevance of retrieved items, and the number of topics to be searched. The information seeker's tasks include providing information to the search intermediary on their topic, discussing their previous information seeking and evaluating the online search output. Models of digital reference interviews need to include more complex information seeking behaviors, such as successive searching and multitasking. Further research is needed to extend our understanding of digital reference processes. 相似文献
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《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(3):37-68
In the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) Online Project, subject searching and browsing of DDC Schedules and Relative Index were featured in an experimental online catalog. The effectiveness of this DDC in an online catalog was tested in online retrieval experiments at four participating libraries. These experiments provided data for analyses of subject searchers' use of a library classification in the information retrieval environment of an online catalog. Recommendations were provided for the enhancement of bibliographic records, online catalogs, and online cataloging systems with a library classification. In this paper, subject searchers' use of the subject outline search capability of the experimental online catalog is described. This capability was unique to the experimental online catalog and all other online catalogs, because it referred searchers to online displays of the classification schedules based on their entry of subject terms. Failure analyses of subject outline searches demonstrated its specific strengths and weaknesses. Users' postsearch interview comments highlighted their experiences and their satisfaction with this search. Based on the failure analyses and users' interview comments, recommendations are provided for the improvement of the subject outline search in online catalogs. 相似文献
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As academic libraries create online learning objects, it is important to consider whether such resources actually reach and answer the questions of intended users. This study considers three points of inquiry for one academic library: How its users make their way to the library's tutorials; user preference for searching or browsing for resources, when given both modes of access; and the kinds of online learning objects or tutorials users are seeking. A close examination of Web analytics and users’ search terms within the tutorials interface helped to illustrate patterns of access and highlighted users’ needs for tutorials and online learning objects. 相似文献
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《Library & information science research》1998,20(2):115-131
Previous information retrieval research has neglected examination of older adults' search behavior. The present study examined the online search performance and associated errors of 54 older adult users of a representative online library catalog system. Participants' error data were examined in the framework of Borgman's three layers of knowledge needed to perform online library catalog searching: (1) conceptual knowledge, (2) semantic knowledge, and (3) technical skills in executing the query. The results of older adults were consistent with findings of previous online library catalog studies with younger adults. Older adults experienced serious problems at all three knowledge layers but experienced their most severe difficulties with conceptual knowledge of how to search the online library catalog system (e.g., formulating queries, understanding and using keyword and Boolean searching, and understanding the contents of databases). The significance of these findings for older adults' use of online library catalogs will be discussed. 相似文献
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《Legal Reference Services Quarterly》2013,32(4):53-67
Abstract This article contends that the relative effectiveness of Lexis and Westlaw should be measured by their ability to find and rank relevant documents. It contains an evaluation of Boolean systems and includes discussion of the Blair and Maron and the Dabney studies in which high recall was the goal of online searches. It then suggests that when other means of discovering relevant cases are available, the need for high recall is diminished. Finally, the article examines and presents performance test results of Lexis' Freestyle and Westlaw's Win natural language search engines. 相似文献
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Tamar Ganor 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2017,13(2):175-197
A traditional library catalog does not do justice to maps and aerial photographs. Text can never fully describe them and maps' and aerial photographs' geographic coverage or perimeters cannot be displayed visually in the online public access catalog (OPAC), so searching based on their textual metadata without specific spatial reference data used also for display purposes is often not enough to locate relevant items. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem's (HUJI) Geography Department has developed a spatial search engine for their scanned aerial photographs collection that allows users to locate one or more aerial photographs according to the area of the Earth's surface that was photographed and their accompanying metadata. The Humanities and Social Sciences Library, which holds a large unscanned print map collection, has asked to integrate a similar map search mechanism in the Department's existing search engine, and a new website was launched in December 2015 (http://ccg.huji.ac.il/aerialphotos/) showing the aerial photographs' center points alongside the maps' rectangle perimeter. The search engine retrieves maps and aerial photographs that intersect with a user-drawn rectangle. This article discusses the characteristics of these collections, the rationale behind searching for maps and aerial photographs together, and the process of defining and building this spatial search engine. This method allows users to view which items are available in their area of interest side-by-side, on a Google Maps background map. 相似文献
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Laura N. Kirkland 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(5):510-531
This study analyzes the relationship between online public access catalog (OPAC) searches entered in a small academic library's catalog and the circulation of items during the same time period. Rather than identifying all searches resulting in a reasonable number of retrievals as successful, searches in this study were determined most useful if items on the results list were subsequently borrowed from the library. This comparison of search results with subsequent material checkouts indicates which metadata elements seem most useful to searchers, and suggests ways libraries might use this knowledge to enhance their users’ search experiences. 相似文献
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Melissa Gomis Carole Gall Frances A. Brahmi 《Medical reference services quarterly》2013,32(3):260-271
ABSTRACT The authors of this article analyzed the differences in output when searching MEDLINE direct and MEDLINE via citation management software, EndNote X1®, EndNote Web®, and RefWorks©. Several searches were performed on Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed directly. These searches were compared against the same searches conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed using the search features in EndNote X1, EndNote Web, and RefWorks. Findings indicated that for in-depth research users, should search the databases directly rather than through the citation management software interface. The search results indicated it would be appropriate to search databases via citation management software for citation verification tasks and for cursory keyword searching. 相似文献
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Jeffrey Beall 《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2010,34(2-3):74-82
Geographical research often involves searching for place names in full-text resources, such as digitized books. Place names often have variants, resulting in many different names for a single geographical place, a problem that can lead to missed results in full-text searches for place names. The problem occurs because full-text search engines merely match words in the search box with words in online documents, leaving place–name variants unsearched. This paper describes how relevant resources can be missed due to this problem and describes the different sources of place–name variation. Finally, the paper describes some solutions to the place–name variation problem in full-text searching. 相似文献