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1.
Instructional development for teachers in higher education: impact on teaching approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Although instructional development for teachers has become an important topic in higher education, little is known about the
impact it has on daily teaching practice. The lack of systematic programme evaluation is an ongoing concern. In this study
we investigate by use of a quasi-experimental design, the impact of an instructional development program for beginning university
teachers on their teaching approach. Quantitative pre-test as well as post-test data were assembled from 20 experimental teachers
and 20 control teachers. At the post-test qualitative data were gathered too: 17 teachers of the experimental group and 12
teachers of the control group were interviewed. Paired t-tests and analysis of covariance with the pre-test scores as a covariate showed some effect of instructional development
on teaching approach. The analysis of the qualitative data sustained this result. Our results reveal the influence of instructional
development on teachers’ teaching approach being slightly different for teachers belonging to distinct disciplines. Several
interpretations and perspectives for further research are discussed. 相似文献
2.
以有理数为例,基于文献研究提出发展数学核心素养的教学策略:以数学核心素养的双向细目表为导向,在数学思想引领下整体设计与数学核心素养相匹配的教学活动。用教学对比实验的方法研究这种教学策略对学生学业水平及数学核心素养发展的影响。通过数据分析发现:在前测和后测显著相关的前提下,实验班和控制班前测数据没有显著性差异,而两次后测中,实验班成绩显著高于控制班。研究结果表明:这种教学策略,对学生学业水平和核心素养的发展,都具有显著促进作用。 相似文献
3.
任务型教学法已逐渐成为我国外语课堂教学的主要模式,它强调以学生为中心,以完成各种任务或活动为目标,发展学生综合运用语言进行交际的能力。文章从任务型教学法的教学理念入手,探讨了任务型教学法在民族班英语精读教学中的应用,将任务型教学模式与传统教学模式在两个民族平行班进行行动实验研究以及对前后测试结果进行对比,结果表明,任务型教学法教学效果优于传统教学法的效果。 相似文献
4.
Jan Bijstra Sandy Jackson Paul van Geert 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1991,6(3):291-301
One of the fundamental problems in socio-cognitive conflict theory concerns what it is that leads to cognitive growth. Is it conflict per se, i.e. the fact that two contradictory opinions are brought together, or is it the presence of the correct answer which is essential for growth. In this experiment, dyads, functioning on the same cognitive level, were formed and asked to solve a conservation-of-length task. The classification of the children in the pre-test was not done according to Piagetian norms, but according to Flavell’s appearance-reality (AR) model: AR non-conservers (AR-NC), AR intermediates (AR-I) and AR conservers (AR-C). Many children who would have been scored as non-conservers in a standard Piagetian task, showed an underlying conservation competence and were classified as AR-I. The results of the interaction suggest that conflict does not lead to appropriate change in AR-NC dyads or AR-I dyads. Furthermore, the results suggest that the most effective method for AR-I to become conservers, is to make them think about a problem and then, to create consensus by confronting the children with others who have also reached the correct solution. 相似文献
5.
ABSTRACT: Introductory Food Science courses are most often lecture-based courses, but some include limited laboratory experiences. As described in this paper, the course minimizes lecture and maximizes experiential or "hands-on" learning by using an immersion approach to teach basic concepts of food science. Additionally, it requires students to work in groups to accomplish tasks, thus providing valuable experience in working cooperatively. The course has been taught in this basic manner at Ohio State for 10 y. Analysis of pre-test and post-test results shows that none of the students pass the pre-test and 92% pass the post-test. In 2002, the average increase in scores from the pre-test to the post-test was 65.7 ± 14.7 (n = 22). 相似文献
6.
Der-Ching Yang Chun-Jen Hsu Ming-Chiang Huang 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2004,2(3):407-430
Two public schools (A and B) from two cities in southern Taiwan were selected to participate in this study. In each school, two sixth grade classes (an experimental and a control class) were studied. Number sense activities were conducted in the experimental classes through process-oriented teaching model to help children develop number sense, while the control classes followed the standard teaching method. Quantitative analyses showed that there were statistically significant differences on group tests in experimental classes for post-test and retention-test as compared with the pre-test at =0.01 level. However, there was no statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test (pre-test and retention-test) for control classes at =0.01 level. Qualitative data indicated that the changes made by students in the experimental classes were apparent after the instruction and compared with the students in the control classes. There was little change found by students in the control classes after the instructions. These data demonstrated that the teaching of number sense activities is effective and helpful in developing childrens number sense in the experimental classes. Furthermore, the results of retention demonstrated that the students learning is meaningful and significant.
Der-Ching Yang: Author for correspondence. 相似文献
7.
This study examines the extent to which the quality of mentoring and its frequency during the first years of teaching influence teachers' professional competence and well-being. Analyses are based on a sample of more than 700 German beginning mathematics teachers who participated in a pre-test/post-test study over the course of one year. Findings indicate that it is the quality of mentoring rather than its frequency that explains a successful career start. In particular, mentoring that follows constructivist rather than transmissive principles of learning fosters the growth of teacher efficacy, teaching enthusiasm, and job satisfaction and reduces emotional exhaustion. 相似文献
8.
The present study examined the effect of three modes of feedback on the seriousness of error types committed on a post-test. The measure of seriousness of error types, or wrong rules, indicates to what extent the wrong rules deviate from the right rule. An on-line, free-response, six-item pre-test covering addition of signed numbers was administered to 263 eighth graders. Upon completion of the pre-test, the students were randomly assigned to receive one of the following kinds of feedback to responses to a second six-item test: (a) information about whether or not the response was correct, (b) the correct answer, or (c) the correct rule for solving the problem. The effect of the feedback mode on the seriousness of errors committed on a third six-item test, the post-test, was found to be differential and dependent upon the seriousness of errors committed on the pre-test. 相似文献
9.
Zeki Arsal 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2014,37(4):453-464
This study examined the effect of microteaching on pre-service teachers’ sense of self-efficacy in teaching using a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design. The sample of the study consisted of 70 pre-service teachers on a special education teacher preparation programme. The pre-service teachers in the experimental group were exposed to microteaching training for one semester. The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale was administered to all pre-service teachers as a pre-test at the beginning and as a post-test at the end of the semester. The results revealed that the pre-service teachers in the experimental group showed statistically significant greater progress in terms of sense of self-efficacy in teaching than those in the control group. In addition, the results highlighted that microteaching had a positive impact on developing pre-service teachers’ sense of self-efficacy in teaching. 相似文献
10.
Meltem Kuvac 《Educational studies》2019,45(1):72-94
This study attempted to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the environmental attitudes of preservice science teachers. In the study, an experimental design was used with a pre-test and post-test control group. In all, 51 junior preservice science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and environmental attitudes inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in favour of the experimental group preservice science teachers’ environmental attitudes. An increase in environmental attitudes was also found in the control group; however, this increase was not statistically significant. As a result, PBL was found to be more effective than the traditional teaching approach in the development of environmental attitudes in preservice science teachers. 相似文献
11.
Meltem Kuvac 《Educational studies》2019,45(5):646-666
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the metacognitive awareness of pre-service science teachers. In the study, an experimental design with pre-test/post-test control group was used. A total of 51 junior pre-service science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks and within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and Metacognitive Awareness Inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed that PBL could be an effective intervention to promote metacognitive awareness towards procedural knowledge, planning and debugging. The results are discussed based on the findings of the study. 相似文献
12.
This paper looks at the effect of instruction on pre-service science teachers' conceptions of the scientist. Twenty-six pre-service science teachers involved in a 14-week course were the subjects. The constructivist teaching approach was adopted. The students' preconceptions were the starting point for the teaching. Seven students were selected for in-depth interview to determine the reasons for their positions (change or no change in view at the end of the period). It was found that instruction enhanced better conceptions of the scientist. The pre-test to post-test change scores differed from zero and the difference was significant at the 0·05 level of significance. However, the interview revealed that the changes in conceptions were mediated by the students' life worldviews. We therefore conclude that whereas remediating strategies enhance understanding (comprehension), worldview of the students has a greater effect on meaningful learning (apprehension). 相似文献
13.
Robert L. Duran Bill Yousman Kaitlin M. Walsh Melanie A. Longshore 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(1):49-68
The general purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a college course in media literacy. Specifically, the course took a holistic approach to media literacy and was designed to heighten college students' awareness of media structures, content, and impact, as well as to encourage students to become more critical/informed participants in the media environment. A pre-test, post-test, control group post-test only, quasi-experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of this approach to media literacy education. Overall, students' responses produced significant differences between the control group and the experimental groups' post-test scores on most (but not all) dependent measures. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research were discussed. 相似文献
14.
This study aimed at experimentally investigating the moderating role of instructional conceptions on the effectiveness of
powerful learning environments (PLE) designed in line with the four-component instructional design model (4C/ID-model). The
study also investigated the influence of learning in a 4C/ID PLE on students’ instructional conceptions. To achieve its goal,
a study with a one by one by two pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was done. Three functionally equivalent classes
of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to three different treatments. The participants
consisted of 129 (47, 41, 41) students. The treatments were one control group with a regular method of teaching, and two experimental
groups: a 4C/ID PLE with ICT, and a 4C/ID PLE without ICT. The instructional conceptions questionnaire was administered both
in the pre-and the post-test to assess students’ instructional conceptions. Pre- and post-tests contain retention and transfer
items. Technical teachers were trained to implement the interventions. In contrast to expectation, findings show no moderating
effects of students’ instructional conceptions on the learning environments. Finally, the results indicate that students’
instructional conceptions positively change after implementation of the three interventions. The theoretical, research, and
practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community as well as educational practice
are discussed. 相似文献
15.
This study examined the word-structure knowledge of novice teachers and the progress of children tutored by a subgroup of
the teachers. Teachers’ word-structure knowledge was assessed using three tasks: graphophonemic segmentation, classification
of pseudowords by syllable type, and classification of real words as phonetically regular or irregular. Tutored children were
assessed on several measures of basic reading and spelling skills. Novice teachers who received word-structure instruction
outperformed a comparison group of teachers in word-structure knowledge at post-test. Tutored children improved significantly
from pre-test to post-test on all assessments. Teachers’ post-test knowledge on the graphophonemic segmentation and irregular
words tasks correlated significantly with tutored children’s progress in decoding phonetically regular words; error analyses
indicated links between teachers’ patterns of word-structure knowledge and children’s patterns of decoding progress. The study
suggests that word-structure knowledge is important to effective teaching of word decoding and underscores the need to include
this information in teacher preparation. 相似文献
16.
《Learning and Instruction》2000,10(4):311-330
In this article we present the results of an experimental study of the influence of task characteristics on the characteristics of elaboration of conceptual knowledge in social interaction. With a pre-test and post-test we measured individual learning outcomes. We constructed a coding scheme that focuses on the communicative functions and propositional content of utterances and on elaborative episodes. The subjects were 40 students who worked in dyads on a collaborative task about electricity in one of four conditions. We compared a concept mapping task with a poster task and investigated the effect of a phase of individual preparation. The post-test scores were significantly higher than the pre-test scores. Individual preparation created better learning results and the asking of more questions. The concept mapping conditions showed more discussion of electricity concepts, collaboratively elaborated conflicts and reasoning, but no higher individual learning outcomes. In the concept mapping conditions, elaboration was related to individual learning outcomes. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this paper is to valuate the applicability of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and the concept of dynamic assessment
to the problem of assessing reading comprehension in English as a third language (L3). The study was conducted with immigrant
students from Ethiopia studying at pre-academic centers in Israel. The assessment procedure included a pre-test, mediation,
and post-test. The pre-test was based on a standard reading comprehension placement exam. Based upon the pre-test material,
a very detailed analysis of the required pre-existing knowledge and necessary strategies was then mediated to the students.
The post-test was identical to the pre-test regarding structure, requirements in terms of pre-existing knowledge and strategies,
length, etc., but with different content. The results demonstrated: (1) A dynamic assessment procedure significantly improved
the text comprehension performance of L3 students; (2) The dynamic assessment procedure added information regarding students’
learning potential over and beyond their initial performance level; (3) The learning potential profile of immigrants from
Ethiopia is somewhat different from that of non-immigrant students. 相似文献
18.
Christine Howe Andrew Tolmie Catherine Rodgers 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(4):459-475
The paper presents two studies designed to investigate whether, as Piagetian theory would predict, peer interaction can advance the physics understanding of primary school children so long as there is variation in initial viewpoints. The studies were concerned with advancing understanding of floating and sinking, with one focusing on the relevant properties of objects and the other on the relevant properties of fluids. Both studies considered the efficacy of interaction between primary school children whose views varied because they were at different levels of understanding and primary children whose views varied despite being at equivalent levels. In both cases, the children’s pre-to post-test progress was superior to that observed in control children whose interaction had been with peers whose views were similar. However, in contradiction to recent qualifications to Piagetian theory progress from pre- to post-test did not depend on joint advancement within the groups. 相似文献
19.
Francisco Pons Paul L. Harris Pierre-André Doudin 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2002,17(3):293-304
The main goal of this research was to assess whether it is possible to help children develop their general understanding of emotions. Thirty-six nine-year-old children divided in two groups were examined using a pre-test/train/post-test design. The emotion understanding of the two groups was measured in the pre- and post-test phases using the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC). The experimental group received a teaching program about emotions during the training phase: School Matters In Lifeskills Education (SMILE). The control group received no special teaching about emotion during this phase. Results showed that the level of emotion understanding in the experimental group improved significantly between the pre- and post-test whereas no such change occurred in the control group. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Anna Emilia Berti 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1993,8(2):183-193
Forty-three 5th graders participated in all phases of the study:
- a pre-test to ascertain children’s concepts of deposits, loans, interest, etc.;
- a classroom lesson;
- a post-test two weeks after the lesson.