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1.
吉占和 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1982,20(4):439-444
The present paper is an attempt to make a taxonomic study of the little known
orchid genus Holcoglossum, as well as a comparison of the genus with its allies, such
as Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascolabium, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccola-
bium.
Holcoglossum was established by Schlechter in 1919 (Orchideologiae Sino-Japoni-
cae Prodromus) as a monotypic genus, based upon Saccolabium quasipinifolium Hayata.
Five years later he published another true Holcoglossum as Aěrides flavescens, which
was referred by Tang et Wang to Saccolabium in 1951. Further investigation of this
genus was by Garay in 1972 who added two species, H. kimballiana and V. rupestris
(synonymy of Aěrides flavescens), but considered Neofinetia, a quite different taxon,
to be congeneric. It is shown that the demarcation of Holcoglossum remains cofused.
During the course of our study, the species of Holcoglossum and its allied genera are
carefully examined, we come to the conclusion that Ho lcoglossum is a distinct genus.
It is characterized by the short stem; fleshy terete or subterete, sulcate above leaves,
with their apex acute and non-lobed; thickening or keeled costa on the back of sepals,
3-lobed lip, with erect sidelobes, paralled to the column; slender and recurved spur;
footless column usually with prominent wings; 2 notched pollinia attached to linear
stipe which is tapered toward the base. In addition to Ascolabium, it differs from
Vanda, Papilionanthe, Ascocentrum, Aěrides, Neofinetia and Saccolabium by its terete
or subterete leaves on their ventral side with a furrow, from Papilionanthe by lacking
footless column, from Ascolabium by sepals and spur characters, from Ascocentrum by
slender and recurred spur, from Aěrides by the absence of a column-foot and the
appearance of spur, from Neofinetia by stipe tapered toward the base, from Saccolabi-um by both aspects of the vegetative organs and the flowers. 相似文献
2.
3.
Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species
so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16
species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175
species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those
genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean
and Central Asia.
1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord-
ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution,
it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while
Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some
of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely
distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived
from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American
genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably
came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.
2. An analysis of temperate genera
There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the
more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara-
gana.
Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center
distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of
Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and
Xizang Plateau.
Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%)
to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia-
tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus
Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of
the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in
alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into
a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.
The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of
the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are
horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part
of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former
being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.
The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the
north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species
extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differ-
entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are
usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea-
dow and steppe.
Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive
elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi-
zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon-
golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only
indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of
above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously
effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species
reaching up to 50%.
3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera
There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang
and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are
represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that
they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.
However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast
Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha-
Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima-
laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The
subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14
species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to
species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con-
nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.
Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium.
Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-
Himalaya and three of them are endemic.
An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu-
tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium
is in the Sino-Himalaya region.
Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has
brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions
have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree. 相似文献
4.
秦仁昌 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1964,9(1):99-99
The fern genus Diplaziopsis C. Chr. of Index Filicum has long been considered as
a monotypic one, with the sole species, D. javanica (B1.) C. Chr. from tropical Asia. In
1906, H. Christ described a second species, Allantodia cavaleriana Christ (=D. cavale-
riana C. Chr.) from Kweichow, West China, but this was since not fully recognized by
fern students in general, being often considered as a variety of the first species. This
is certainly a mistake, as is shown by ample herbarium specimens today. In the recent
work on the genus, the writer has found among the herbarium material two additional
new species from China, thus bringing the genus up to four species in Asia, mainly from
China, where, as it is, the genus has its center of development from the long past.
Phylogenetically, Diplaziopsis C. Chr. represents one of the offshoots from the great
stock of diplazioid ferns, of which the genus Diplazium Sw. constitutes the main body
of the group and from which our genus differs chiefly in its leaves of a thin texture with
reticulated venation, but not so much in its type of indusium as it has generally been
emphasized by most botanists in the past, for, as it is, the type of indusium in Di-
plaziopsis also prevails in many species of Diplazium, for which C. B. Clarke (Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. I:495, 1880) created, but really superfluously, a subgenus Pseudal-
lantodia, about which the writer will dwell in another paper in the near future. Suffice
it to say here that the indusium in Diplaziopsis as revealed by the species treated here
is, indeed, typical of diplazioid ferns, only often, as it happens, with its adaxial edge
pressed so tight under the expanding sorus that it is unable to open freely along its upper
free edge and, as a result, its thin vaulted back bursts open from the pressure of the ex-
panding sorus underneath.
As a result of the present study, following four species of the genus have been re-
cognized.
Diplaziopsis javanica (B1.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 227.
Wide spread in tropical Asia, northwardly to Bakbo and the southern part of Yun-
nan, China.
D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. I (1913) 25.
Ranges from West China through northern part of Fukien of East China to Japan.
D. intermedia Ching, sp. nov.
Endemic in West China: Mt. Omei, Szechuan, and Kweichow.
D. hainanensis Ching, sp. nov.
In conclusion, it may be pointed out that with the modern plant taxonomy pursued
in a more efficient manner than in the past, and especially by the introduction of the
cytotaxonomic methods, the so-called “monotypic genera”, as conceived by the orthodox
systematists, will continue to prove, to a great extent, to be lack of enough scientific
ground. The fact that the “monotypic genus” of Diplaziopsis C. Chr. is now found to
be a genus of four well-defined species is once again an instance to illustrate the pointat issue. 相似文献
5.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
6.
Cypripedium subtropicum S. C. Chen et K. Y. Lang is a phytogeography-
cally significant new species with its habit, inflorescence and column very similar to
those of Selenipedilum of tropical America. It is found in Mêdog of southeastern Xi-
zang, China. Its slender leafy stem bears at the summit a many-flowered raceme, am-
ounting to 1.5 m in height. Although its ovary is unilocular—this is the reason why
we place it in Cypripedium, the column characters resemble those of Selenipedilum. For
example, the staminode is rather small and its long stalk is very similar in texture and
color to the filament of the fertile stamens. Obviously, it is a primitive new species re-
lated to Selenipedilum based on the similarities mentioned above.
In the subfamily Cypripedioideae, as generally recognized, Selenipedilum is the
most primitive genus, from which or whose allies Cypripedium is derived. Of phyto-
geographical significance is the fact that Selenipedilum occurs in Central America and
northern South America, while a cypripedium akin to it is discontinuously distributed
in subtropical Asia. This suggests that Selenipedilum or Selenipedilum-like form be
once continually distributed in North America and eastern Asia when the climate there
was warmer, as it is in the subtropics today. The floristic relationship between Central
America and subtropical Asia appears to be closer than expected, as shown by the dis-
tribution patterns of Tropidia, Erythrodes, etc. Based on the occurrence of all six sec-
tions and particularly the most primitive form in eastern Asia, Cypripedium seems to
be of Asian, rather than Central American, origin. Selenipedilum possesses some very
primitive characters, such as trilocular ovary, vanilla-scented fruit, seed with sclerotic
testa, simple column and more or less suffrutescent habit. The latter is considered by
Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) to be one of ancestral characters of monocotyledons, which
is now very rare not only in Orchidaceae but also in all monocotyledons. It is indeed
necessary to make further investigations on Selenipedilum and also the new species pub-lished here, as well as a detailed comparison between them. 相似文献
7.
张若蕙 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):110-118
The first classification for the genus Ormosia was proposed by Bentham. It was
followed by Taubert (1892) in Engler and Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenf., who divided the genus
into 2 sections. On the basis of the pod structure and seed characters Prain (1900) arran-
ged the genus in 2 sections with 4 subsections. In the monograph on the genus Merrill
and L. Chen ( 1943 ) limited their taxonomic study to Chinese and Indo-Chinese species, and
recognized 34 species and 15 series. Recently Yakovlev (1971-1976) has treated the ge-
nus in 6 separate genera.
In the present paper the author recognizes 35 species, of which 7 species and 2 varie-
ties are new. The Chinese species of the genus are grouped into 3 sections and 6 series inmy classification. 相似文献
8.
9.
肖培根 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1980,18(2):142-153
As a genus Acronema was first proposed by Falconer, but it was only a nomen
nudum. The genus was effectively established by Edgeworth (1851) on the basis of
a himalayan species, Acronema tenerum (Wall) Edgew. (= Sison tenerum Wall. 1828).
Bentham & Hooker had placed the genus within Pimpinella in 1867. C. B. Clarke
followed the same treatment in the Flora of British India in 1879. The much detailed
systematic work of the genus was done by H. Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenreich (1927).
The chief distinguishing character of the genus lies in the acuminulate of filamen-
tous apices of the petals.
At present the genus contains about 23 species chiefly in the himalayan regions
and South-west China, many being found in Sichuan, Yunnan and eastern Xizang.
They are usually growing under the shade of forest, roadside and riverside at the
altitude 2100—4800 meters.
In this paper 18 species and 2 varieties are presented, of which 5 species, 2
varieties and 1 combinations are considered as new and three arc first recorded fromChina. 相似文献
10.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):394-403
The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the
taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar
to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences
in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed
coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.
The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of
which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.
The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla
entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-
tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.
A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.
This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60
species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu-
tional centre.
Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in
Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic
relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China,
of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).
The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.
The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a
member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A.
Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus,
Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and
should be regarded as a separate genus.
The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,
and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the
above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were
computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At
last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The
result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions. 相似文献
11.
Ivan Nielsen 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1983,21(2):164-169
Three new combinations, one new synonym, 3 unperfectly known species and 8
distribution maps of 11 species of Chinese and Indo-Chinese Archidendron are pre-
sented in this article, as a supplement of the subject “Notes on the genera Archidendron
F. V. Mueller and Pithecellobium Martius in Mainland S. E. Asia” published in
Adansonia, ser. 2, 19(1): 3—37. 1979.
I am indebted to prof. Wu, head of Taxonomy laboratory of South China Insti-
tute of Botany for translating the article into Chinese and adding some distributivepoints of Chinese species of this genus on the maps. 相似文献
12.
13.
王中仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(4):317-340
已发表的涉及中国的蹄盖蕨属植物的名称有300多个，它们初步被处理为117种和一些变种和杂种，全文将分4次报道，本篇是第一部分：分种检索表。 相似文献
14.
15.
陈重明 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1981,19(1):136-139
The “Iconographia Plantarum” written by Wu Chi-Tseng in the Qing Dynasty
(A. D. 1848) is a classical monumental work in the literature of botany. 1714 species
of plants widely-spread all over 19 provinces of our country, especeally in Jiangxi,
Hunan and Yunnan Provinces, were described in this book.
nan and Yunnan Provinces, were described try, especeally in Jiangxi, Hunan and Yun.
In order to make the plant names coincide with the original material as possible,
the author had commented upon chinese herbal in considerable detail. Most of the
plants were illustrated after their habitual appearence in somewhat clear manner.
As a means for identifying certain species of the plant, this work has been playing an
important role in development of modern botanical science in China.
In modern taxonomical books a great deal of chinese name of plants are originated
from this book, and they were available for reference to numerous researchers both at
home and abroad. On account of inadequate observation, a lot of mistakes or misleadings
occured in this book, and often been overlooked by the later botanists. Some of the
modern authors still adhere to the work “Iconographia Plantarum”and even quoting
the erroneous statement from it, thus we have to correct.
This paper annotates and commentates the misleading items of 36 species of plant,
and calls for the attention to the future readers.
相似文献
16.
本文报道了当归属Angelica及3个近缘小属12种植物的核型，其中10种为首次报道。带岭当归A．dailingensis 2n＝22＝20m+2sm(SAT);丽江当属A．likiangensis 2n＝22＝18m+4sm; 青海当归A．nitida 2n＝22＝14m+4sm+4sm(SAT);林当归A．silvestris 2n＝22＝16m+4sm(SAT)+2st(SAT);紫花前胡A．decursiva 2n=22＝16m+4sm+2sm(SAT);秦岭当归A．tsinlingensis 2n＝22＝18m+4sm; 阿坝当归A．apaensis 2n＝22＝14m+6sm+2st(SAT);隆萼当归A．oncosepala2n＝4x＝44＝28m+12sm+4st，三小叶当归A．ternata 2n=22＝10m+8sm(SAT)+4st(SAT);柳叶芹Czernaevialaevigata 2n=22＝14m+6sm+2sm(SAT);短茎古当归Archangelica brevicaulis 2n＝22＝8m+2m(SAT)+4sm+4sm(SAT)+4st；高山芹Coelopleurum saxatile 2n＝28＝12m+6sm+10st。除带岭当归核型为1A型和高山芹为2B型外，其余种类均为2A型。根据染色体长度比和平均臂比绘制了本次和我们过去已报道的当归属及近缘属23种植物的核型散点图。据核型类型和近端着丝点的有无，把当归属20个种的核型分3组。并结合外部形态、花粉类型和地理分布，探讨了各近缘属的系统演化关系。 相似文献
17.
陈文怀 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1977,15(1):53-58
It is generally accepted that tea plant (Thea sinensis L.) is originated in China,
where has numerous varieties, According to the literature, the selected work of tea
plants may be traced as early as to the 3rd-5th century A.D. The number of varie-
ties discovered in recent years reached more than 300. Besides, a large number of
wild species were discovered. In all tea varieties, the crown canopy, leaf size and
the date of sprouting were different. It was proposed that according to the crown
canopy, leaf size and the date of sprouting. The principle of the classification of
Chinese tea varieties may be 3 orders. The first order named “group”, it contains
macrophanerophyte group, microphanerophyte group, and frutex group. The second
order named “type”, it contains extreme large leaf size, large leaf size, medium leaf
size and small leaf size. The third order named “species”, it contains the early-
sprouting species, medium-sprouting species and late-sprouting species.
相似文献
18.