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1.
Torsten Brinda 《Education and Information Technologies》2006,11(2):105-119
Discovery learning is very desirable not only in secondary education, because it prepares learners for life-long learning.
Within secondary Informatics education in Germany, pupils often acquire many concepts by learning to program. To be able to
model, to design and to evaluate own solutions, learners must acquire many details of a programming language and apply complex
software development environments. So a lot of time gets lost for important topics, like the working principles of Informatics
systems.
The research presented here focuses on learning by exploration instead. The basic idea is that before developing own (typically
small) solutions, learners explore medium size solutions by means of special learner-adequate Informatics systems, named exploration
modules (EMs) here. In this paper, the author presents important aspects of the development methodology of such software,
its application to the educational field of object-oriented modelling and shows how EM prototypes have successfully been included
in different learning scenarios of secondary Informatics education, Informatics teacher education, and in-service Informatics
teacher training within the academic years 2001 to 2004. 相似文献
2.
3.
管玮 《扬州职业大学学报》2004,8(2):50-52
体裁教学法是建立在体裁和体裁分析理论基础上的新的教学方法，对其分析，可以发现：将体裁教学法运用于我国大学英语听力教学中有极大的可行性和实用价值。这种教学法符合英语学习的听力理解力的认知方式，能有效地促进英语学习的二语习得。 相似文献
4.
Integration of New Exercise Classes into the Informatics Education in the Field of Object-Oriented Modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Torsten Brinda 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(2):117-130
In secondary informatics education in Germany in the field of object-oriented modelling (OOM) a lack of published suitable learning material focussing on modelling instead of programming was found. This especially holds for learner adequate exercises on OOM. In this paper methods for identifying exercise classes by specialist textbook analysis, for structuring exercise classes in a catalogue and for designing learner adequate exercises are proposed with the aim to help teachers create exercises and give learners orientation in combining abstract exercise classes with solution strategies. Based on a first version of an OOM exercise class catalogue, exploratory tests were performed in secondary informatics education (analysis of filled in worksheets with OOM exercises), informatics teacher education (design of exercises) and in-service teacher training. The results led to a refinement of the concept. In summarizing educational experiences exercise classes give learners a promise for probable educational success. 相似文献
5.
隐喻的认知本质与文化教学 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
王素娟 《山西广播电视大学学报》2007,12(1):53-54
隐喻不仅仅是语言的一种普遍现象,更重要的是作为认知语言学的一个重要组成部分,它与文化密不可分,对隐喻的理解在很大程度上决定于对目的语文化的理解与把握.从语言学习者的认知规律出发,探讨隐喻的认知功能和隐喻式文化教学的理论基础和实践依据,以寻找一种对当前文化教学可行有效的方法. 相似文献
6.
Björn B. de Koning Huib K. Tabbers Remy M.J.P. Rikers Fred Paas 《Learning and Instruction》2010,20(2):111-122
To examine how visual attentional resources are allocated when learning from a complex animation about the cardiovascular system, eye movements were registered in the absence and presence of visual cues. Cognitive processing was assessed using cued retrospective reporting, whereas comprehension and transfer tests measured the quality of the constructed representation. Within the framework of Cognitive Load Theory, visual cues highlighting the subsystems of the heart were hypothesized to guide attention, reduce visual search and extraneous cognitive load, and enhance learning. As predicted, learners looked more often and longer at cued parts. However, we found no effects of cueing on visual search and cognitive load. With respect to cognitive processing, performance differences were found on the number of statements in the learners’ verbal reports. These findings suggest that visual cueing can guide attention in an animation, but other factors are also important in determining the effectiveness of visual cues on learning. 相似文献
7.
Pre‐reading activities such as title discussion and vocabulary training have been shown to be effective in decreasing oral reading errors and increasing reading rate and comprehension across a range of reading levels. Experiment 1 in this paper examines the effects of these cognitive activities in combination on the reading comprehension of three adult ESL emergent readers. Experiment 2 explores the relative effects of this procedure, and a metacognitive strategy for presenting these pre‐reading techniques, on the comprehension levels of five adult ESL learners. Single subject research designs were employed in both studies. Results of both studies indicate that the cognitive strategy was effective in raising comprehension levels. However, in Experiment 2, the metacognitive instructional strategy, while similarly effective in raising comprehension levels, was also associated with enhanced maintenance in a subsequent non‐treatment phase. Implications of these findings for instructional practice with ELS learners, both proficient and novice first language readers, are considered. 相似文献
8.
认知风格与外语教学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钟艳 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2006,20(2):121-123
个体差异是影响教学活动的一个重要因素,在两者之间寻求一种合理、有效的途径一直是教学研究的重要内容.根据认知风格结构模型的分类,着重对四种不同的认知方式与语言学习的关系进行了研究.具有不同认知风格的学习者,采取的学习策略也不同,教师应针对学习者不同的认知风格选用多样的教学方法,实施因材施教的教学策略. 相似文献
9.
Mangala Vadivu Vivakaran Neelamalar Maraimalai 《Interactive Learning Environments》2019,27(2):242-255
The growing popularity of Social Networking Sites (SNS) that are embedded with networked infrastructures serves as an ideal platform for developing a networked learning environment connecting geographically dispersed learners. Unlike the traditional learning systems which provide only limited sources of data, the learners engaged in virtual networked social environments tend to produce huge volumes of digital footprints that cannot be analyzed using conventional analytical techniques. Two new branches of analytical sciences – Educational Data Mining (EDM) and Learning Analytics (LA) – are being employed for processing digital data derived from online educational platforms in order to obtain meaningful inferences and data-driven insights.
Hence, the present experimental study involving a small group of geographically dispersed learners intend to examine the engagement level and interaction patterns that occur within a feminist networked learning environment created in Facebook using popular EDM and learning analytical techniques such as K-means Clustering, Social network analysis and correlation mining. Upon analysis, it was found that the peer network influence played a vital role in activating passive learners, eventually leading to the development of a closely bound networked learning community over time. 相似文献
10.
多媒体技术的发展使英文电影赏析成为促进大学英语教学的有效手段,而英文字幕也成为一种有效的用于提高EFL学生的视频理解水平的工具。通过测试和访谈,文章探讨了字幕对EFL学生视频理解的影响以及有、无字幕的两种版本不同的观看顺序对学生视频理解的不同效果,并提出教师应根据学生的不同特点,科学合理地把字幕运用于教学的观点。 相似文献
11.
This article begins this special issue of ETR&D-Development by discussing what the cognitive approach to instructional design
(ID) is and how ID practitioners can design training differently using the approach. Following some introductory comments
about purpose, scope and perspective, the article is in two parts. The first part describes why the cognitive approach to
ID is important and how the current approach to instructional design and training development is different from the cognitive
approach. It then explains how learning occurs according to the cognitive point of view, and the different categories of learning
according to one type of cognitive psychology. The second part describes a model that synthesizes and summarizes the components
of a well-designed lesson, and describes what is different about this model from the current approach to ID. This model relates
what learners have to do to learn to what instructional designers have to do to help them do so. It presents and briefly explains
and exemplifies a general framework for instructional design based on cognitive psychology. Finally, it presents a table that
can be used as a job aid to design training. 相似文献
12.
拖延行为是一种常见的心理现象.拖延行为影响个体的学习与成长,对问题解决和创造性亦具有重要的影响.对于拖延行为,不同心理学家做出了不同的定义和分类.作者从心理学家对拖延现象的不同理解出发,在多维评价体系中给出了明确的拖延的操作性定义;在心理测量、心理访谈研究基础上,概括了产生拖延行为的原因;并从自我改变的角度提出了心理干预的策略. 相似文献
13.
杨雪梅 《暨南大学华文学院学报》2003,(4):32-38
本在调查的基础上分析了第二语言学习在听力理解过程中的认知策略。由于许多学习只采取“自下而上”的信息处理方式，缺少“自上而下”的信息处理方式的结合，导致了听力理解困难。如何才能做到“自上而下”地处理听力信息，本提出听力训练应重视整句的听辨，并阐述了这一训练方法的科学性和合理性，并在此基础上提出了一些训练方式。 相似文献
14.
The changing emphasis of science education today includes a shift from a narrowly disciplinary view of science to a more socially
and technologically situated perspective. This article reports on the implementation of engineering design projects in about
two dozen U. S. secondary science classrooms, following an inservice professional development course conducted at a university
engineering college. Using data from an evaluation of the project and three sociological themes—secrecy and ownership, social
persuasion and the status of facts, and the relationship between money and science—I argue that technological design projects
provide a sociologically fruitful approach for teaching new themes in science education. However, teachers must rethink the
nature of their subject matter, something that may be difficult if their training was disciplinary in emphasis. 相似文献
15.
Chih-Ming Chen 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(6):1028-1058
Developing personalised web-based learning systems has been an important research issue in e-learning because no fixed learning pathway will be appropriate for all learners. However, most current web-based learning platforms with personalised curriculum sequencing tend to emphasise the learner preferences and interests in relation to personalised learning services but fail to consider the difficulty level of course materials, learning order of prior and posterior knowledge and learner abilities while constructing a personalised learning path. As a result, these ignored factors thus easily lead to the generation of poor quality learning paths. Generally, learners could generate cognitive overload or fall into cognitive disorientation owing to inappropriate curriculum sequencing during learning processes, thus, reducing the learning effect. With the advancement of artificial intelligence technologies, ontology technologies enable a linguistic infrastructure to represent conceptual relationships between course materials. Ontology can be served as a structured knowledge representation scheme, capable of assisting the construction of a personalised learning path. This study thus proposes a novel genetic-based curriculum sequencing scheme based on a generated ontology-based concept map, which can be automatically constructed by the pretest results of numerous learners, to plan appropriate learning paths for individual learners. The experimental results indicated that the proposed approach could create high-quality learning paths for individual learners. The proposed approach thus can help learners to learn more effectively and to likely reduce learners' cognitive overloads during learning processes. 相似文献
16.
雷亚妮 《四川教育学院学报》2010,26(10):66-69
作为关联理论的一个重要概念,认知语境强调了听话者在交际中发挥的认知主体作用。在话语理解过程中,交际双方在认知语境上越趋同,交际就越成功。以该理论为基础所引入的趋同性认知语境概念,突显了＂最大化互动-渐进性趋同-最大化相似＂理念,呈现了如何定位英语阅读理解中的词汇、短语、句子及篇章意义及如何在阅读教学中帮助学习者建构趋同性认知语境。 相似文献
17.
随着信息技术的快速发展,网络学习已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一种学习方式。以实现网络个性化学习为目标的自适应学习系统成为提高网络学习质量的重要研究课题。然而目前大多数自适应学习系统仅具有单向适应能力,即实现了系统根据用户特性适应性向学习者呈现学习资源、过程和策略的功能。尽管这种功能有助于解决学习者认知超载和网络迷航问题,一定程度上提高了学习效率,但学习者在此系统中是一种被动学习,不利于培养学习者自主学习能力和创新能力,也不利于促进学习者对知识的主动建构,还容易使学习者产生惰性。因此,应该充分考虑学习者和系统之间的主客体关系,在自适应学习系统中建立双向适应交互,即用户主动选择资源的适应性交互和系统主动推送资源的自适应交互。双向适应交互最为关键的是用户模型,而认知风格是用户模型中影响学习者个体差异的一个重要元素。从学习效率和使用感受两个层面实证评价双向适应交互性,以及认知风格对其的影响发现:采用自适应学习方式,学习者具有更积极的学习态度,能够取得更好的学习绩效;但认知风格会影响到自适应学习和适应性学习的绩效。 相似文献
18.
Somayeh Fatahi Faezeh Shabanali-Fami Hadi Moradi 《Education and Information Technologies》2018,23(4):1427-1445
The learning style of a learner is an important parameter in his learning process. Therefore, learning styles should be considered in the design, development, and implementation of e-learning environments to increase learners’ performance. Thus, it is important to be able to automatically determine learning styles of learners in an e-learning environment. In this paper, we propose a sequential pattern mining approach to extract frequent sequential behavior patterns, which can separate learners with different learning styles. In this research, in order to recognize learners’ learning styles, system uses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator’s (MBTI). The approach has been implemented and tested in an e-learning environment and the results show that learning styles of learners can be predicted with high accuracy. We show that learners with similar learning styles have similar sequential behavior patterns in interaction with an e-learning environment. A lot of frequent sequential behavior patterns were extracted which some of them have a meaningful relation with MBTI dimensions. 相似文献
19.
In the Simple View of Reading proposed by Hoover and Gough (1990), reading comprehension is conceived as the product of word decoding and listening comprehension. It is claimed that listening comprehension or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language strongly constrain the process of reading comprehension. In several studies, evidence for this theoretical framework has been provided for first language learners. In the present study, an attempt was made to find empirical evidence for the same view underlying second language reading. Therefore, the word decoding and listening comprehension skills of samples of 1,293 first language (L1) learners and 394 second language (L2) learners of Dutch were related to their reading comprehension abilities throughout the primary grades. It was found that the levels of word decoding were more or less equal in the two groups of learners, whereas the L2 learners stayed behind their first L1 peers in both listening, and reading comprehension. The relationships between word decoding, listening comprehension and reading comprehension turned out to be highly comparable. A longitudinal analysis of data showed the Simple View of Reading to be equally valid for L1 and L2 learners. With progression of grade, the impact of word decoding on reading comprehension decreased, whereas the impact of listening comprehension showed an increase to the same extent in the two groups of learners. However, the reciprocity of the relationship between listening comprehension and reading comprehension tended to be less prominent in the group of L2 learners. 相似文献
20.
Denise Nacu Caitlin K. Martin Nichole Pinkard 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(4):1029-1049
With the growing emphasis on developing 21st century skills among today’s youth, there is continued optimism about the possibilities granted by increasing access to networked technologies, particularly for encouraging youth to pursue their interests and take ownership of their learning. Yet, research demonstrates the importance of adult support in realizing the promise of achieving these outcomes. Designers of such systems are thus faced with the need to create youth-centered spaces that also provide adult facilitation of learning. This paper presents an adaptation of the traditional heuristic evaluation method which provides designers of online learning systems with a holistic view of how adult learning support is enabled across the system. We describe how the heuristic evaluation method was adapted, and through a case example analyzing one online social learning system used in a middle school context, we demonstrate how it can be used to help identify areas for improvement and promising areas for further research. We also present a framework of heuristics which reflect specific educator learning support roles that have been found to be important for youth learning, particularly for supporting 21st century skills. This work contributes a novel heuristic evaluation method that can help designers of online learning platforms attend not only the experiences of learners, but also to how educators are enabled to support their learning. 相似文献