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1.
K. S. Losev V. M. Efremovich E. A. Kryuchkova V. K. Lyuboshchinskaya 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(4):209-218
The history of the creation and development of the VINITI RAS “Geography” reference journal from 1954 to 2008 is considered. The changes in retrofunds and dynamics of the distribution of the overall
quantity of documents in the reference journal/database have been followed in relation to the changes in the content contained
in the issues during the period of time under consideration. The document information flow of the “ Geography ” database during 1991–2008 was analyzed statistically. 相似文献
2.
From work to text to document 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
David Beard 《Archival Science》2008,8(3):217-226
The defining trope for the humanities in the last 30 years has been typified by the move from “work” to “text.” The signature text defining this move has been Roland Barthes seminal essay, “From Work to Text.” But the current move
in library, archival and information studies toward the “document” as the key term offers challenges for contemporary humanities research. In making our own movement from work to text to document, we can explicate fully the complexity of conducting archival humanistic research within disciplinary and institutional contexts
in the twenty-first century. This essay calls for a complex perspective, one that demands that we understand the raw materials
of scholarship are processed by disciplines, by institutions, and by the work of the scholar. When we understand our materials
as constrained by disciplines, we understand them as “works.” When we understand them as constrained by the institutions of
memory that preserve and grant access to them, we understand them as “documents.” And when we understand them as the ground
for our own interpretive activity, we understand them as “texts.” When we understand that humanistic scholarship requires
an awareness of all three perspectives simultaneously (an understanding demonstrated by case studies in historical studies
of the discipline of rhetoric), we will be ready for a richer historical scholarship as well as a richer collaboration between
humanists and archivists. 相似文献
3.
Bernd Frohmann 《Archival Science》2008,8(3):165-180
Recent years have seen a sharp rise of attention to the importance of documentation in various disciplines in the social sciences.
Many thinkers have found the concept of assemblages, which emphasizes complexity, heterogeneity, and emergence, fruitful for
investigating the role of documents and documentation. This article analyses some examples from anthropology and management
studies as contributions to documentary ethics, ontology, and politics. The first pair of case studies reveals a documentary
activism of biological and therapeutic citizenship. The second pair shows how documentation works constitutively to bring
different kinds of entities into being. Both kinds of cases practice a documentary politics, which is analyzed in terms of
Bruno Latour’s ideas of “reassembling the social”. 相似文献
4.
Cluster-based and passage-based document retrieval paradigms were shown to be effective. While the former are based on utilizing
query-related corpus context manifested in clusters of similar documents, the latter address the fact that a document can
be relevant even if only a very small part of it contains query-pertaining information. Hence, cluster-based approaches could
be viewed as based on “expanding” the document representation, while passage-based approaches can be thought of as utilizing
a “contracted” document representation. We present a study of the relative benefits of using each of these two approaches,
and of the potential merits of their integration. To that end, we devise two methods that integrate whole-document-based,
cluster-based and passage-based information. The methods are applied for the re-ranking task, that is, re-ordering documents in an initially retrieved list so as to improve precision at the very top ranks. Extensive
empirical evaluation attests to the potential merits of integrating these information types. Specifically, the resultant performance
substantially transcends that of the initial ranking; and, is often better than that of a state-of-the-art pseudo-feedback-based
query expansion approach. 相似文献
5.
V. M. Yefremenkova M. V. Voinova E. N. Nikanorova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2010,37(1):19-32
This paper considers the history of the creation and development of the VINITI RAS AJ in the field of mechanics from 1953
to 2008. The changes in the back issues and dynamics of the distribution of the total number of documents in the Mechanics
AJ/DB are traced. The document information flow of the “Mechanics” DB from 1953 to 2008 is statistically analyzed. 相似文献
6.
Filip Boudrez 《Archival Science》2007,7(2):179-193
This paper gives an overview of the archival issues that relate to digitally signed documents. First, by way of introduction,
the advanced digital signature is presented briefly. In the second part, a number of problems are discussed that present themselves
when a digital signature is used as a proof of authenticity and integrity for digital documents in general. In particular,
it is also being investigated whether it makes any sense for the archivist to digitally sign all electronic records under
his or her management. Problems relating to the (medium) long-term archiving of digitally signed documents are dealt with
in the third part. After an overview of the sticking points for long-term validation (“Archival issues”) a number of possible
solutions are discussed (“Solutions for long-term archiving”).
相似文献
| Filip BoudrezEmail: |
7.
Wendy Duff 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1996,10(4):326-351
This article reports on a research study that tested the effect of statements of “ literary warrant ” on lawyers, auditors
and information specialists’ evaluations of a set of functional requirements for electronic evidence. It found that legal
statements can increase the rating of importance of some of the functional requirements. Its results also provided evidence
that differences in subjects professional backgrounds and their computer knowledge can affect the ratings of importance the
subjects gave to the functional requirements.
This study was completed as part of the requirements for the author’s doctoral program. It has benefited immensely from the
insightful comments received from members of her doctoral Committee: Richard Cox, Margaret Hedstrom, Edie Rasmussen, and Steven
Hirtle. David Bearman first purposed the concept of “ literary warrant ”, and this study has also profited greatly from his
wise advice. 相似文献
8.
Zusammenfassung. Dieser Artikel erarbeitet eine formale Bestimmung der Begriffe “elektronischer Vertrag”, seine “Ziele”, “Verpflichtungen”
und seine “verbindliche Aushandlungsphase”. Die hier erarbeiteten Begriffe dienen erstens der Spezifikation elektronischer
Vertr?ge und zweitens der Verifikation lokaler Implementationen von elektronischen Vertragskooperationen. Besonders behandelt
werden die lokale Darstellungen von Vertr?gen und ihre vermittelnde Kommunikation, mehrfache sowie sich überlappende Durchl?ufe
durch eine verbindliche Phase und die Rolle von Beweismitteln. Die Begriffe beruhen auf der Theorie der formalen Sprachen
bzw. der Automaten. Sie werden an einem einfachen Beispiel einer bilateralen Auftragskooperation demonstriert.
Eingegangen am 16. Dezember 1999 / Angenommen am 10. M?rz 2000 相似文献
9.
S. V. Bazarnova A. I. Sliva L. V. Shemberko 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(5):281-289
This paper describes the topical-thematic structure of the “Political Science” Database created at the Institute for Scientific
Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the RAS. The principles of conceptual processing of political science documents
are considered. The properties are uncovered of how the complex of linguistic instruments (branch information-retrieval thesaurus,
rubricator of political science, and subject headings) is developed and applied to indexing and classification of documents
and queries. 相似文献
10.
A. S. Lobanov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(5):275-280
The algorithms for forming and analyzing concept definitions are suggested and considered by concrete examples. Such key concepts
of management as “an organization” and “management of an organization” are formulated using the suggested algorithm. This
paper gives the detailed technology of thinking when formulating the definition of the concept of a “system for management
of an organization” from the standpoint of the resource approach. The analysis of the interconnection between concepts of
the system and process results in the conclusion that it is possible and necessary to consider the category of “space-time.” 相似文献
11.
Xiaojun Wan 《Information Retrieval》2008,11(1):25-49
In recent years graph-ranking based algorithms have been proposed for single document summarization and generic multi-document
summarization. The algorithms make use of the “votings” or “recommendations” between sentences to evaluate the importance
of the sentences in the documents. This study aims to differentiate the cross-document and within-document relationships between
sentences for generic multi-document summarization and adapt the graph-ranking based algorithm for topic-focused summarization.
The contributions of this study are two-fold: (1) For generic multi-document summarization, we apply the graph-based ranking
algorithm based on each kind of sentence relationship and explore their relative importance for summarization performance.
(2) For topic-focused multi-document summarization, we propose to integrate the relevance of the sentences to the specified
topic into the graph-ranking based method. Each individual kind of sentence relationship is also differentiated and investigated
in the algorithm. Experimental results on DUC 2002–DUC 2005 data demonstrate the great importance of the cross-document relationships
between sentences for both generic and topic-focused multi-document summarizations. Even the approach based only on the cross-document
relationships can perform better than or at least as well as the approaches based on both kinds of relationships between sentences.
相似文献
| Xiaojun WanEmail: |
12.
Smoothing of document language models is critical in language modeling approaches to information retrieval. In this paper,
we present a novel way of smoothing document language models based on propagating term counts probabilistically in a graph
of documents. A key difference between our approach and previous approaches is that our smoothing algorithm can iteratively
propagate counts and achieve smoothing with remotely related documents. Evaluation results on several TREC data sets show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the
simple collection-based smoothing method. Compared with those other smoothing methods that also exploit local corpus structures,
our method is especially effective in improving precision in top-ranked documents through “filling in” missing query terms
in relevant documents, which is attractive since most users only pay attention to the top-ranked documents in search engine
applications.
相似文献
| ChengXiang ZhaiEmail: |
13.
《Journal of Web Librarianship》2013,7(1):55-70
This article reports the results of an online survey that examined the development of information architecture of Australian library Web sites with reference to documented methods and guidelines. A broad sample of library Web managers responded from across the academic, public, and special sectors. A majority of libraries used either in-house or external documents or both, but the nature of these documents varied greatly. Most external documents were guidelines handed down by libraries’ parent bodies, though some documents produced by independent organizations were used. More general guides on best IA practice were also consulted. The extent of libraries’ control over their own Web sites also varied widely, from minimal control to complete autonomy. Although guiding documentation was considered useful in some ways, respondents were more interested in developing the necessary IA skills and competencies than in cross-site standardization. The lack of these skills and resource and management issues were a greater concern than a lack of documentation. The influence of parent bodies and the diverse purpose and context of library Web sites suggest that a generic set of guidelines for libraries would not be particularly helpful. Instead, librarians with greater IA skills would be in a better position to apply the most appropriate standards and guidelines according to their local contexts. 相似文献
14.
Brian Edward Hubner 《Archival Science》2007,7(3):195-206
Census information of some form has been collected in Canada since the 1611 census of New France. Aboriginal people, identified
or not, have been included in these enumerations. The collection of this information has had a profound impact on Aboriginal
people and has been an element that has shaped their relationship with the dominant society. In response, Canadian Aboriginal
people have often resisted and refused to co-operate with census takers and their masters. This article is an examination
of this phenomenon focused on the censuses conducted in the post-Confederation period to the present. A census is made to
collect information on populations and individuals that can then be used to configure and shape social and political relations
between those being enumerated and the creators of the census. However, the human objects of the census are not just passive
integers and they have resisted its creation in a number of ways, including being “missing” when the census is taken, refusing
to answer the questions posed by enumerators or even driving them off Aboriginal territory. A census identifies elements of
the social order and attempts to set them in their “proper” place and those who do not wish to be part of that order may refuse
to take part. Archivists and historians must understand that the knowledge gained in a census is bound with the conditions
of own creation. This has been noted by contemporary Aboriginal researchers who often state that the archival record of their
people often distorts history and reflects the ideas and superficial observations of their Euro-Canadian creators. Changes
to the Census of Canada since 1981, have increased the participation rate and therefore changed the nature of the record.
Brian Edward Hubner is currently Acquisition and Access Archivist at the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections. He was previously employed at the Archives of Manitoba, in Government Records; Queen’s University Archives, Kingston; and at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa. He has a Master of Arts (History, in Archival Studies) from the University of Manitoba, and a Master of Arts (History), from the University of Saskatchewan. The 2nd edition of Brian’s co-authored book on the history of the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan and Alberta is being published in 2007. He has published articles and delivered conference papers on Canadian Aboriginal peoples including “Horse Stealing and the Borderline: The N.W.M.P. and the Control of Indian Movement, 1874-1900.” His current research interest focuses on relationship between Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples and Canadian archives. Brian is married and has two children. 相似文献
| Brian Edward HubnerEmail: |
Brian Edward Hubner is currently Acquisition and Access Archivist at the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections. He was previously employed at the Archives of Manitoba, in Government Records; Queen’s University Archives, Kingston; and at the National Archives of Canada, Ottawa. He has a Master of Arts (History, in Archival Studies) from the University of Manitoba, and a Master of Arts (History), from the University of Saskatchewan. The 2nd edition of Brian’s co-authored book on the history of the Cypress Hills of Saskatchewan and Alberta is being published in 2007. He has published articles and delivered conference papers on Canadian Aboriginal peoples including “Horse Stealing and the Borderline: The N.W.M.P. and the Control of Indian Movement, 1874-1900.” His current research interest focuses on relationship between Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples and Canadian archives. Brian is married and has two children. 相似文献
15.
Fred Kobrak 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1988,4(4):15-21
Fred Kobrak, who has spent much of his career marketing U.S. scholarly books abroad, puts his experience to use in viewing
the task of foreign publishers who wish to sell their products in the U.S. market. In so doing, he discusses changes in the
environment of scientific publishing and raises the interesting question of how one distinguishes between “domestic” and “foreign”
publishers. He suggests that “U.S.” publishers have much to learn from “foreign” competitors, and that competition can benefit
publishers, their authors, and their customers.
Fred Kobrak is a partner in Adrian Higham Associates, consultants, on the international publishing industry. He recently retired
from the presidency of Collier Macmillan International, New York, the international arm of Macmillan Publishing Company. Address
for correspondence 相似文献
16.
Megan Benton 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1995,11(2):90-102
In the postwar prosperity of the 1920s there burgeoned a new interest in fine book-making, which typically featured handcraft
production, luxurious materials, “worthy” texts, and—virtually by definition—limited editions. A small but socially prominent
community of bibliophiles and wealthy collectors consituted an eager market for these elite books, distinguished by their
visible repudiation of mass culture and “commercialism.” This article examines the publishing enterprise of the Grabhorn Press,
one of the foremost producers of finely printed books in twentieth-century America. It analyzes the press's editiorial and
design strategies, pricing and marketing policies, and general business practices in order to better understand the cultural
paradoxes of producing such books both “for love” and for profit. 相似文献
17.
Eric Ketelaar 《Archival Science》1987,1(2):131-141
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian.
Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories.
Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents,
archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the
meanings of archives.
Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University
of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some
of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions
of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001. 相似文献
18.
We propose a method for performing evaluation of relevance feedback based on simulating real users. The user simulation applies
a model defining the user’s relevance threshold to accept individual documents as feedback in a graded relevance environment;
user’s patience to browse the initial list of retrieved documents; and his/her effort in providing the feedback. We evaluate
the result by using cumulated gain-based evaluation together with freezing all documents seen by the user in order to simulate
the point of view of a user who is browsing the documents during the retrieval process. We demonstrate the method by performing
a simulation in the laboratory setting and present the “branching” curve sets characteristic for the presented evaluation
method. Both the average and topic-by-topic results indicate that if the freezing approach is adopted, giving feedback of
mixed quality makes sense for various usage scenarios even though the modeled users prefer finding especially the most relevant
documents. 相似文献
19.
Tacit narratives: The meanings of archives 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Eric Ketelaar 《Archival Science》2001,1(2):131-141
Archivists and historians usually consider archives as repositories of historical sources and the archivist as a neutral custodian.
Sociologists and anthropologists see “the archive” also as a system of collecting, categorizing, and exploiting memories.
Archivists are hesitantly acknowledging their role in shaping memories. I advocate that archival fonds, archival documents,
archival institutions, and archival systems contain tacit narratives which must be deconstructed in order to understand the
meanings of archives.
Revision of a paper presented, on the invitation of the Master's Programme in Archival Studies, Department of History, University
of Manitoba, in the History Department Colloquium series of the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, 20 February, 2001. Some
of the arguments were used earlier in two papers I presented in the seminar “Archives, Documentation and the Institutions
of Social Memory”, organized by the Bentley Historical Library and the International Institute of the University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, 14 February, 2001. 相似文献
20.
Mark Bide 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1999,15(3):6-11
Much value is added by people who are not directly employed by publishers. Publishers are classic “virtual organizations.”
Their functions and the distributed nature of their performance are poorly supported by publishers’ information technology
infrastructure.
Address for correspondence 相似文献