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1.
College effects on occupational status attainment 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
John C. Smart 《Research in higher education》1986,24(1):73-95
This study represents a further examination of the relative importance of social origin and educational measures in the occupational status attainment of former college students. The study is longitudinal and is based on a causal model that incorporates multiple measures of students' precollege characteristics, the undergraduate institutions they attended, and their performance and experiences within these institutions. Separate analyses were performed for those employed in professional and nonprofessional occupations. The results suggest a basic distinction between the characteristics of undergraduate institutions and students' performance and experiences within those institutions that are most influential in the occupational status attainment process for those employed in professional and nonprofessional positions. Occupational status attainment in professional careers appears to be influenced more by cognitive attributes of the college attended and the students' educational performance, whereas the attainment process in nonprofessional careers appears to be influenced more by affective attributes of the collegiate experience. 相似文献
2.
Research has indicated that disabled and nondisabled persons experience communication strained by high levels of uncertainty for both communicators. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of being disabled on the academic progress of disabled college students. It was felt that academic success will be contingent upon positive communication with faculty, fellow students, and university personnel. A questionnaire assessing the campus' social climate, the quality of its programs and instruction, and the students' academic and career expectations was administered to 100 disabled students. Analyses of the data revealed that the disabled students' motivation was significantly related to their level of social alienation, while the students' perceived competence was most related to their level of social adjustment. The theoretical implications of these findings and avenues for future research are discussed. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACTPast research into the relationship between English proficiency test (EPT) scores and score profiles, such as the IELTS and the TOEFL, has shown that there is not always a clear relationship between those scores and students’ subsequent academic achievement. Information about students’ academic self-concept (ASC) may provide additional information that helps predict future academic success. Research has consistently shown a positive relationship between students’ ASC and subsequent academic achievement and educational attainment in both school and higher education settings. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between the academic performance of international students and their language proficiency and academic self-concept as well as other characteristics related to academic success. The study focused on first year international students in undergraduate business programs at an English-medium university in Canada. The following information was collected about the student participants: grades in degree program courses, annual GPA, and EPT scores (including subscores). In addition, students completed an academic self-concept scale. To obtain additional information about success in first-year business courses, instructors in two required courses were interviewed about the academic and language requirements in their courses and the profile of successful students. Correlations between the students’ course grades, GPA, EPT scores, and ASC score were calculated. The instructor interviews were analyzed using a content analysis procedure. The findings from all data sources were triangulated and show that language ability, ASC, and other factors impact academic success during the first year in a business program. The implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Edward J. Hackett Jennifer Croissant Blair Schneider 《Research in higher education》1992,33(3):275-295
This paper contributes to research about organizational effects on the socialization of undergraduates and the formation of engineers' values by examining the effects of exposure to academic and industrial work, in the form of cooperative employment and undergraduate research, on the educational experiences, job values, and life objectives of engineering students. Using data from a questionnaire survey conducted in the spring of 1990, we found that both programs strongly influenced participants' skills, job values, and life objectives, even when social background, academic performance, reasons for attending college, parental socialization, and other collegiate and noncollegiate variables were controlled. Cooperative employment more strongly influenced students' skills and had a greater effect on their career decisions, but research experience had a surprisingly powerful influence on values and life objectives, particularly the value placed on receiving peer recognition and influencing the political structure. 相似文献
5.
This study of stress among 107 undergraduate students enrolled in various degree strands in a Victorian Institute of Technology reveals that major stressors are both academic and personal in nature. Students generally are more likely to use direct‐action strategies in their attempts to cope with college stress, while male students rely. more on palliative techniques compared with female students. The findings are consistent with related research in the USA and Israel, and suggest that the experience of stress for undergraduate students is not necessarily culturally specific. Further examination of the nature and extent of student stress on a longitudinal basis is recommended. Some areas that need attention are identified in the paper. 相似文献
6.
Betty J. Haslett 《Research in higher education》1976,4(1):41-58
The evaluative dimensions students used in assessing their academic self-concept were correlated with judgmental dimensions students utilized in evaluating teachers by means of a stepwise multiple regression analysis. All students evaluated themselves as students in terms of academic skill and ability, interpersonal effectiveness, and quality of scholastic involvement. College students also evaluated themselves on self-confidence and style of intellectual inquiry, while high school students evaluated themselves on their tolerance. All students judged teachers on the dimensions of student/teacher rapport, communicative style, instructional style, and stimulation. Dimensions of student academic self-concept were significantly related to students' judgments of teaching: student interpersonal effectiveness was found to be the most significant overall predictor of high school students' attitudes toward teachers, whereas a student's assessment of his academic abilities was the major predictive variable among college students. Student sex was not a significant predictor of students' attitudes toward teachers except for the dimension of student/teacher rapport among college students, with females rating teachers significantly higher on this dimension than males. 相似文献
7.
Expectations for college and student persistence 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tinto postulates that students enter college with expectations. If these expectations are unmet, there is early disenchantment with the social and academic communities. Such disenchantments hinder academic and social integration which, in turn, influence subsequent institutional and goal commitments and ultimately student departure. These formulations are tested in a multi-institutional study of 263 first-time freshmen who entered four-year colleges and universities. The findings indicate that both academic and social integration are positively influenced by the meeting of expectations for academic and career development. Social integration is positively influenced by expectations for opportunities for personal involvement, but negatively affected by expectations for a collegiate atmosphere. Indirect effects on intentions to remain in the focal college are indirectly influenced by collegiate atmosphere and academic and career development. Implications for enrollment management and the development of linkages between theories of college choice and student departure are drawn.An earlier version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA, April 12–16, 1993. 相似文献
8.
Josipa Roksa Teniell L. Trolian Ernest T. Pascarella Cindy A. Kilgo Charles Blaich Kathleen S. Wise 《Research in higher education》2017,58(2):119-140
While racial inequalities in college entry and completion are well documented, much less is known about racial disparities in the development of general collegiate skills, such as critical thinking. Using data from the Wabash National Study of Liberal Arts Education, we find substantial inequality in the development of critical thinking skills over four years of college between African American and White students. The results indicate that these inequities are not related to students’ academic experiences in college but are substantially related to their experiences with diversity. These findings have important implications for understanding racial inequality in higher education and considering strategies for addressing observed disparities. 相似文献
9.
Ernest T. Pascarella Ellen M. Brier John C. Smart Leslie Herzog 《Research in higher education》1987,26(2):180-201
This study employed a national sample of college students who initially aspired to be, or later became, physicians to determine the influence of precollege characteristics, college origins, and the academic and social experience of college on the likelihood of becoming a physician. Estimates of a 14-variable causal model indicated that the major direct effects on attainment were attributable to college characteristics and the academic experience of college. Net of other causes, the selectivity/prestige of the undergraduate institution attended, collegiate academic achievement, and majoring in the physical or life sciences each had significant direct effects on becoming a physician. The direct positive influence of college quality, however, was partially counterbalanced by its negative indirect effect. Moreover, the greatest advantage in attending an elite institution accrued to those students with relatively high levels of academic performance. As academic performance declined, so did the positive effect of college quality. The effects of precollege characteristics on becoming a physician were largely indirect, mediated by the student's college experience. Net of other factors, women were no less likely than men to become physicians, but being female had a significant negative indirect effect. Conversely, secondary school achievement did not directly influence attainment but did have a large positive indirect influence.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, San Diego, February, 1987. 相似文献
10.
问题学生的自我概念研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以初一至初三年级197名问题学生和136名普通学生为对象,对问题学生的自我概念及其相关因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)问题学生的自我概念除初三学生外一般比普通学生低,这与普通学生的自我概念在初三显著降低有关;(2)问题学生的自我概念不存在显著的年级或年龄差异,而普通学生的自我概念表现出明显的年级差异和年龄效应;(3)问题学生的父母教养方式和负性生活事件所带来的应激与其自我概念的发展存在极其显著的相关。而问题学生的负性生活事件应激强度显著高于普通学生;(4)问题学生的自我概念可以显著预测其心理健康水平,提示自我概念的发展水平是影响问题学生心理健康状况的重要因素之一。 相似文献
11.
华惠南 《柳州职业技术学院学报》2009,9(2):156-161
探求英语听力自我概念、听力学习策略及二者的相关关系,旨在为英语听力教学提供尝试性的建议。调查结果显示英语听力策略训练能提高高职学生的英语听力自我概念水平,从而提高学生的听力理解能力。 相似文献
12.
大学生的职业自我概念与职业选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大学生的职业自我概念与职业选择存在着密切的联系。职业自我概念是大学生进行职业选择的基础,而职业自我概念又在大学生的职业选择与职业发展中得到进一步发展与完善。因此,要想促进大学生进行正确的职业选择,高校职业指导的重点是帮助大学生建立起健全良好的职业自我概念。 相似文献
13.
Achievement Motivation Goals in Relation to Academic Performance in Traditional and Nontraditional College Students 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study extended Dweck's model of achievement motivation to the collegiate level, and it is the first to apply this model to nontraditional students. We examined the relationship between goal orientations and academic performance in 262 undergraduate students grouped by nontraditional vs. traditional status. Although both groups rated themselves higher on learning goals than on performance goals, non-traditional students endorsed learning goals even more strongly than their traditional peers. Goal orientations were a better predictor of academic success than student status. Consistent with Dweck's model, a learning goal orientation was positively related to successful academic performance for both groups. The relationship between performance goals and academic success was less straightforward, but students who rated both goal orientations as relatively weak had the lowest cumulative GPAs. Traditional and nontraditional students differed on variables that were inversely related to academic performance. Less successful traditional students endorsed irrational beliefs (a possible index of learned helplessness), while less successful nontraditional students worked more hours at a paid job. 相似文献
14.
Linda J. Sax 《Research in higher education》1996,37(4):389-425
This study provides an empirical test of Kanter's theory of tokenism (1977a,b)—that individuals will be affected adversely by declining representation of their own gender within an environment. Using students' college major as the environmental backdrop, this study examines how the proportion of women in a major affects students' college grades, academic self-concept, mathematical self-concept, social selfconcept, satisfaction with the major, and persistence in the major. Data are drawn from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's 1985 Freshman Survey and 1989 Follow-Up Survey. The sample includes 7,641 women and 5,074 men in 344 fouryear colleges and universities. Regression results indicate that the proportion of women in the major has essentially no impact on the cognitive and affective development of college students. Instead, this study illustrates how the relationship between the gender composition of the major and student outcomes can be accounted for by characteristics of students, aspects of the college environment, and the effects of major field.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1994 Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in New Orleans, Louisiana. 相似文献
15.
Impacts of campus experiences and parental socialization on undergraduates' career choices 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
John C. Weidman 《Research in higher education》1984,20(4):445-476
The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of selected aspects of the collegiate experience on changes in undergraduates' occupational preferences and personal goals. It focuses on two general aspects of the undergraduate student's participation in a 4-year college or university environment — the social structure, particularly its normative aspect, as defined by the orientations of faculty and students toward the purposes of a college education; and the individual student's perceptions of the institution's capacity for facilitating the attainment of personal goals. The latter aspect of the college experience is reflected in such things as satisfaction with college, the individual's sense of social integration into the campus environment, and assessments of the extent to which experiences within a particular college have contributed to the attainment of desired personal ends (e.g., occupational training and personal growth). A departure from much of the existing research on college impact is that close attention is paid to the concomitant influences of parental socialization that are present throughout the student's college days. Specific aspects of parental socialization processes are considered, notably those reflected in modes of parent-child relationships and family life-style that contribute to adult development. An important aim of the research is to investigate the extent to which college effects on students' occupational orientations and preferences are mediated by parent-child relationships maintained, in many instances, through continued contacts with parents during the student's college years.This paper is a considerably revised version of Weidman (1979a). A portion of it was presented at the 1982 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. 相似文献
16.
17.
王毅 《渭南师范学院学报》2011,26(2):86-88
以渭南师范学院385名在校大学生为研究对象,利用中国大学生心理健康量表（CCSMHS）和身体自我描述问卷（PSDQ）来研究大学生身体自我概念与心理健康的相关性．结果表明,大学生身体自我概念与心理健康存在普遍相关,身体自尊、整体身体和肥胖是影响心理健康的主要因素． 相似文献
18.
采用害羞量表和田纳西自我概念量表对356名大学生进行了调查,研究了大学生害羞与自我概念的相关关系.结果显示,大学生群体中普遍存在害羞现象,害羞者占61.5%,不同性别、年级、专业之间差异不显著,不同出生地之间差异显著,出生于乡村/镇的大学生害羞得分高于来自城市的大学生;大学生自我概念总体上较积极,但在生理自我、心理自我、社会自我3个因子上得分较低,不同性别、年级、专业、出生地之间差异不显著;自我概念与害羞显著相关.大学生害羞与自我概念存在密切的关系,提升大学生的自我概念可以有助减缓大学生害羞行为. 相似文献
19.
Heather A. Davis 《Contemporary educational psychology》2001,26(4):431
The purpose of the present study was to begin to examine, from the expectancy-value framework, several cognitive and motivational variables believed to affect the development of the student/teacher relationship and, in turn, classroom success. Guided by the expectancy-value framework, three student variables are viewed as essential in guiding the success of the student/teacher relationship: (1) their social self-concept beliefs, (2) the value they place on developing a positive relationship with their primary teacher, and (3) their nonverbal communication skills. Eighty-two fourth- and fifth-grade students participated in the study. Variation in the students' perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their primary teacher and their classroom achievement were examined. In general, results suggest students develop schemas, their social self-concept beliefs, about their relationships with teachers that are consistent with their nonverbal communication skills. Furthermore, results suggest that for both positive perceptions of the relationship and academic achievement, valuing the relationship with the primary teacher may compensate for nonverbal difficulties. 相似文献
20.
现有研究主要关注向上流动的农村大学生进入大学后的学业与社会表现，而较少关注他们与家庭的情感联系。本研究利用全国范围的定量调查数据以及访谈数据，探索正在接受高等教育的农家子弟在向上流动的过程中与父母的情感联系。研究发现，从本科、硕士到博士阶段，农家子弟与父母的情感关系呈现出“U型”趋势，从最初的感激亲密到中期的埋怨疏离，最后走向了更高层次的包容理解，本科后期至硕士教育阶段成为农家子弟与父母间关系最为紧张的阶段。这种情感关系的起伏转变，在很大程度上与人生重大事件有关，这些事件触发了根植于城乡二元结构间的资源与文化不平等，使这些农家子弟饱受“阶层的隐性伤害”。 相似文献