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1.
技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。 相似文献
2.
Barriers to innovation have mainly been studied in a single country context. This paper studies differences in the perception of innovation barriers between innovative and non-innovative firms for 18 EU countries. The countries are grouped by their distance to the technological frontier using Community Innovation Surveys for the years 2002–2004 and 2004–2006. The results show that knowledge barriers related to the availability of skilled labour, innovation partners and technological knowledge are more important for firms located in countries close to the frontier, while the opposite is true regarding the availability of external finance. Moreover, while the share of innovators decreases with the distance to the technological frontier, the share of firms not interested or in no need of innovation increases. This is consistent with the idea that as firms approach the technological frontier, they increasingly need to focus on the creation of own knowledge and the adoption of innovation-based growth strategies to stay competitive. 相似文献
3.
随着人类社会的发展、科学的进步和技术的创新,园艺科学和园艺行业不断发展,园艺市场对工作在第一线的技术工人的需求量也随之增加。中专校也为园艺市场培育了大批的技术劳动者,但是,中专校有相当数量的毕业生实际应用能力较差,在一定程度上很难适应人才市场的需求。 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104711
Since the 1980s, policy reforms have been undertaken in China to gradually promote entrepreneurship of academic researchers. Based on manually collected data on academic executives (defined as either chairperson of the board or CEO, who had an academic title), we investigate the effects of academic executives on corporate technological capabilities and innovation performance among Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2001 to 2015. Our results demonstrate that firms with academic executives are more likely to implement technological advancement strategies by increasing firm basic research, collaborating with outside institutions, and providing incentives to knowledge workers. Consequently, they have enhanced technological capabilities, as well as a higher quantity and quality of innovation output. In addition, firms with academic executives are more likely to have better financial performance regarding sales and profitability and keep a higher proportion of profits inside the firm to reinvest. The identification of the causal effects of academic executives relies on top executive turnover within firms and the propensity score matching strategy. Further analysis demonstrates that the effects of academic executives are more pronounced when they have a higher academic title, administrative experience, and a specialization in sciences. Our findings suggest that promoting entrepreneurship of academic researchers is an effective way of diffusing and utilizing knowledge, and it provides an internal driving force for the enhancement of corporate technological capabilities, which is crucial for technological catch-up of firms in latecomer countries. 相似文献
5.
随着中国工业机器人投资数量增长迅猛,工业机器人应用与劳动力结构转变之间关系值得关注。本文的模型分析表明：工业机器人的技术进步会加大对工业机器人对低技能劳动力的替代,但同时会提升对中、高技能劳动力的互补性需求,进而能够促进一国的劳动力结构转型。通过对1990-2015年间22个国家或地区的经验数据分析表明,不断增长的工业机器人投入正在缓慢地促进发达国家的劳动力结构转型,其高技能劳动力比例在逐年上升,韩国等新兴经济体的表现尤为突出。本文给出了推进工业机器人应用、促进中国劳动力结构转型的具体政策建议。 相似文献
6.
利用1999至2013年拥有标准联盟参与经历的170家车辆生产企业的数据,研究标准联盟组合多样性对企业两类技术标准化能力(主导能力、跟随能力)的影响,及关系强度在上述影响中的调节作用。基于负二项随机效应回归模型的实证分析发现：标准联盟组合多样性与企业技术标准化主导能力呈正U型关系,与技术标准化跟随能力呈倒U型关系。在标准联盟组合资源向技术标准化能力转化的过程中,联盟关系强度发挥了显著调节作用：随着关系强度提升,联盟组合多样性与技术标准化主导能力的正U型关系曲线、与技术标准化跟随能力的倒U型关系曲线将变得更为陡峭。 相似文献
7.
The determinants of R&D are an important topic of innovation studies. The classical Schumpeterian hypotheses about the influence of size and market power have been complemented with the role played by industry determinants, such as demand pull, technological opportunity and appropriability, in determining R&D investments. However, R&D has always been considered as a whole, even though research and development activities differ in many aspects. We take advantage of a new panel database of innovative Spanish firms (PITEC) to distinguish between research and development efforts of firms. We analyze the differentiated role played by traditional R&D determinants in driving research and development. Results show that demand pull and appropriability have a higher effect on development, while technological opportunity is more influential for research. Differences are statistically significant, important in magnitude, and robust to the use of different indicators for demand pull, technological opportunity and appropriability, and to several robustness checks. 相似文献
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9.
架子队经证实是一种适合我国目前高速铁路建设高要求的新型施工组织模式,较之传统的劳务分包模式在工程质量、安全、劳务人员管理等方面更加可控。但劳务公司无法提供充足的优质劳务成为其发展和推广的瓶颈。本文通过对施工企业、劳务公司、地方政府这三个劳务供求的主要利益相关方能否实现合作共赢进行动态博弈分析。最后得出结论:三者的利益是互相促进的,只要信息流转顺畅便可以形成稳定的合作关系,并提出一些具体的操作建议。 相似文献
10.
In the defence industry the recent development of a ‘market for technology’, the creation of new European high-technology companies as well as transformations in government agencies have driven firms to reposition their technological and organizational skills. Our objective is to show that the transformations that have occurred in the past 10 years have not only redefined skills and the organization of production, but also have given a more strategic place to knowledge management (KM) practices. We provide a contextual and historical overview based on qualitative interviews, in order to better understand the relation between KM and innovative behaviour in this industry. We build an original industrial and technological database comprising various samples that provides quantitative information concerning KM and innovative practices. The results of the statistical analysis reveal the specificity of firms in this industry. Taking account of the size of these firms and their technological intensity, we show that the behaviour of defence industry firms in terms of KM practices, differs from that of other firms. This is evident from their technological performance, and innovation and patenting intensity. This structural tendency is explained as an innovative behaviour in the French national innovation system rather than merely a ‘trend’. 相似文献
11.
Guan GongWolfgang Keller 《Research Policy》2003,32(6):1055-1079
We review the recent literature on technological change and diffusion to shed new light on the evolution of the world’s cross-country income distribution. Technology is viewed as non-rival knowledge in the sense that firms in more than one country can simultaneously use it. R&D investments generate often also a return outside the innovating firm itself; these knowledge externalities are called technology spillovers. We emphasize that technology is to some extent tacit, and technology diffusion often involves the face-to-face interaction of people. Our paper reviews the evidence on whether international trade, foreign direct investment, and other cross-border activities are important for technology diffusion. 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104470
Previous research has analyzed the effect of stakeholder orientation on the amount of technological investment firms make but has ignored its effect on the characteristics of that investment. To address this gap, we explored the impact of stakeholder orientation on the degree of generality of a firm's technological investment. More general technologies (i.e., technologies easily deployable in a wider range of industries) are more likely to promote major changes in the firm's scope. However, these changes undermine the value of stakeholders’ past relationship-specific investments, which are tailored to a certain firm scope. Therefore, more stakeholder-oriented firms will invest in less general technological assets to reduce stakeholder concerns and opposition. This negative effect will be stronger in more uncertain industries, where stakeholders are more concerned that firms might use technology generality to change their scope following the realization of previously unforeseen contingencies. However, it will be weaker in more competitive industries, where stakeholders tend to make less relationship-specific investments and are less concerned with changes in firm scope triggered by an increase in technology generality. We test our hypotheses by exploiting the enactment of constituency statutes in 34 U.S. states during the period 1976–2000 as a plausibly exogenous variation in firms’ stakeholder orientation. 相似文献
13.
技术变革次序双元与后发企业追赶 《科学学研究》2019,37(11):2016-2025
双元性对后发企业追赶具有重要的作用,但后发企业如何通过次序双元实现技术追赶的过程机制仍不清楚。慈星1988~2018年的纵向案例研究发现,后发企业在技术追赶过程中可根据行业技术变革性质开展不同的组织学习,技术范式发生转变的根本性变革期以探索性学习为主导,可由独立的自治机构负责,技术范式趋于稳定的收敛性变革期则以利用性为主导,可在主流机构内完成,同时随着追赶技术难度的增加,企业研发团队由轻量级升级为重量级。技术变革性质、组织学习类型与企业内部要素三者之间的动态匹配,使后发企业有节奏地在探索与利用之间进行转换,形成了次序双元,进而实现了对国际领先企业的技术追赶。本文研究结论对技术追赶和双元学习研究都具有一定的理论贡献。 相似文献
14.
The Great Recession, which began in 2008, brought about large contractions in aggregate consumption in many countries. In this research, we study the impact of heterogeneous decreases in demand on innovation investments by analyzing the evolution of innovation investments in a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms during the 2004–2013 period. We proxy heterogeneous variation in demand with net exit rates in the productive stratum of each firm, defined as the group of firms in the same industry and size class. These net exit rates are computed considering all firms in the stratum, including firms that are determined to be non-innovative firms. To support the identification strategy, we show that exit rates do not capture idiosyncratic unobservable characteristics among innovative firms. In addition, we control for the effect of time-varying credit constraints. We find that a one standard deviation increase in exit rates is associated with reductions of 1.5% in the share of firms investing in innovation. The drop is larger for smaller firms, which also experience greater decreases in sales. Since smaller firms are most sensitive to demand drops, they are the natural candidates to be the target of policies devoted to increasing R&D activities during crises. As additional analysis, we study firms’ perceptions of the main obstacles to innovation to find that net exit rates capture the heterogeneous variation in demand, rather than credit constraints. Finally, when analyzing the exit patterns of firms in the sample, we confirm that the net exit rate in a firm's stratum does not drive the exit of firms in our sample. 相似文献
15.
近十年来,中国光伏产业迅速发展,并成功追赶和超越其他发达国家成为全球光伏产业领导者。基于创新生态系统视角,本研究探索中国光伏产业追赶与超越的机制。通过对中国光伏企业的案例分析发现,在进入阶段,中国光伏企业利用国际市场需求机会窗口,通过嵌入全球创新生态系统进行技术引进、建立合法性、获取国际资本来提高企业绩效。在追赶和超越阶段,中国光伏企业利用创新生态系统互补性技术机会窗口,通过选择性地知识共享、上下游合作创新、形成全产业链及集聚效应、互补性技术创新来建立本地创新生态系统,以提高绩效并实现追赶和超越。此外,在超越阶段,中国政府帮助光伏企业培育本地下游市场需求,中国光伏企业利用制度政策机会窗口稳固了本地创新生态系统,有效协调生态上下游企业共同创新,保持了中国光伏产业的领先地位。 相似文献
16.
以制造业上市公司为研究样本,对环境规制对于企业技术创新的影响以及绿色金融在其中的调节作用进行实证检验。研究发现：环境规制对企业技术创新具有显著的促进作用,这种促进作用在强融资约束企业中表现相对较弱;绿色金融发展对环境规制对于企业技术创新的促进效应具有显著地正向调节作用,且这种正向调节作用在强融资约束企业中表现得更为明显;与低环境规制强度地区相比,强环境规制地区的绿色金融发展对于环境规制与企业技术创新关系的正向调节作用相对更大。 相似文献
17.
基于开放式创新的过程管理思想,考虑一个由知识源、知识转移中介、信息服务机构组成的闭环知识链系统,通过构建知识源领导(SL)、知识转移中介领导(OL)与信息服务机构领导(TL)等博弈模型,分析了权力结构对知识供给、转换、反馈等环节的创新绩效的影响。研究表明,掌握领导权可提高组织的知识产出、知识定价与创新利润;在创新绩效表现上,SL模式是分散决策时的最优权力结构;OL与SL模式具有同等的知识创造效率,但OL模式系统利润偏低并存在组织间的利益冲突风险;市场机遇、合作伙伴的创新能力与组织的知识创造效率正相关,弥补知识链成员创新能力的短板是提高系统创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
18.
目前苏州正在进行产业结构转型升级,推进"三区三城"建设急需大量的高技能人才,但苏州市的高技能人才数量、质量还远远满足不了这种需求。为解决结构性矛盾,文章提出了五条对策:一是开通"高技能急需紧缺人才绿色通道";二是颁布《苏州高技能人才紧缺工工种目录》;三是建立高技能人才劳动力市场工资指导价位制度;四是出台财税政策鼓励校企双方积极落实"四个合作";五是整合现有教育资源,筹建高级技能人才培训基地,实现错位发展。 相似文献
19.
市场需求最终决定技术创新方向,据此提出市场定义产品的概念。世界市场在表现一体化趋势的同时,也呈现异质性格局,突出表现为不同国家市场的差异。大市场还是小市场,领先市场还是跟随市场,是决定一国市场重要性的两个主要方面。当兼具大市场和领先市场的特征时,一国市场就能定义有关产品创新方向。中国正在迅速成为大市场,并存在成为领先市场的持久趋势,因此中国市场定义产品的时代正在到来。国内市场是中国企业实现技术赶超,进而形成创新竞争力和争夺产业主导权的战略依托。着眼于技术赶超目标,中国企业需要立足国内市场,面向全球市场,实施开放创新战略。建立包括技术吸收能力在内的基础能力是实施这一战略的前提。 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2023,52(6):104767
Prior research has extensively studied FDI spillovers on broadly defined technological innovation but offered inconclusive evidence. Relatively little is known about how the knowledge characteristics of local technological development are shaped by FDI and the innovation context where this development takes place. We therefore study the influence of FDI presence on host country firms' technological progress with a focus on two factors: the underlying technological characteristic, complexity, which reflects the difficulties in recombining diverse knowledge combination for innovation, and an under-studied contextual contingency: the local clustering of returnees (skilled returned migrants) that creates different interactive environments for incorporating foreign knowledge. Using a unique sample of 35,376 firms over an 11-year period in China's equivalent of Silicon Valley, Zhongguancun, we reveal that FDI exerts a curvilinear spillover effect on local firms' technological complexity. Furthermore, we find returnees' clustering in related sectors heightens the effect of FDI spillovers on local technological complexity, whereas unrelated sectoral clustering flattens this U-shaped relationship, reducing FDI spillovers. We add to the debate on FDI knowledge externalities by highlighting the importance of considering knowledge characteristics and the contextual setting of returnee clustering in understanding FDI spillover effects on local technological progress. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献