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1.
With the ambition of penetrating into the very core of the Norwegian and Nordic friluftsliv: An ecologically responsible life in the open air-in nature, people will have to become acquainted with Fridtjof Nansen—with the thinker as well as the practitioner. Outdoor life with natural and strong links to the national friluftsliv—tradition was his ideal, and quite a lot of people in the years after him have been fired with his enthusiasm for the wonderful experiential and health—giving meetings with nature. Obviously, he has been a hero and an idol for generations of people. His reputation as an arctic explorer, as scientist and sportsman, as an internationalist and a humanitarian, have been emphasized by a great many books and articles about him. The main purpose of this article is to shed more light upon his thinking about friluftsliv, to show and explain its focus, its models and paragons.  相似文献   

2.
During the last decade, expanding research investigating the school subject Physical Education (PE) indicates a promotion of inequalities regarding which children benefit from PE teaching. Outdoor education and its Scandinavian equivalent friluftsliv, is a part of the PE curriculum in many countries, and these practices have been claimed to have the potential to contribute to more equity in PE teaching. Through an investigation of how stipulations regarding friluftsliv in the national Swedish PE curriculum are transformed and interpreted into 31 local PE syllabus documents, this paper investigates the possibilities for friluftsliv to fulfil this potential. In an analysis inspired by the educational sociologist, Basil Bernstein, I claim that Swedish PE teachers’ marginalized interpretation of friluftsliv indicates its weak classification when a part of PE. When friluftsliv is addressed in PE, the strong dominance of a performance code transforms it into mere sport activities. The results of this study highlight questions regarding PE teachers’ interpretation of learning aims and their work with text documents. It also discusses alternatives to implementing friluftsliv through PE and the role of teachers in curriculum reforms.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper I investigate ‘the confessional’ as an aspect of Wittgenstein's style both as a mode of philosophising and as a mode of ‘writing the self’, tied explicitly to pedagogical practices. There are strong links between Wittgenstein's confessional mode of philosophising and his life—for him philosophy is a way of life —and interesting theoretical connections between confessional practices and pedagogy, usefully explored in the writings of the French philosopher, Michel Foucault. The Investigations provides a basis and springboard for understanding the notion of ‘writing the self’ as a pedagogical practice which encourages a confessional mode compelling us to tell the truth about ourselves and, thus, creating the conditions for ethico‐poetical self‐constitution.  相似文献   

4.
Although not a well-known figure either in educational or South Carolina history, John Eldred Swearingen had a profound impact on the schools of the Palmetto State. Guiding the schools to transition from 19th-century academies to 20th-century schools, Swearingen held office from 1907–1922. During these years, Swearingen oversaw unprecedented legislation impacting attendance, funding, and curriculum. Swearingen's stance on African American education was unlike many of his contemporaries—he used a variety of methods to improve education and raiseconsciousness amongst his White politician counterparts.

All of these facts would make him a worthy subject of biographical study; however, that he achieved all these things while blind makes his life and career all the more worthy. Almost as overlooked as Swearingen's contributions to South Carolina is the role the state played in the Brown v. Board of Education decision via the Briggs v. Eliott case. Drawing from Swearingen's own words, the papers of his contemporaries, and both legal and historical analysis of the involved legal cases to present an overview of both Swearingen and Briggs, this article argues that without Swearingen's visionary leadership—or if he had not been undone politically—the road to Briggs would have been quite different—if it existed at all.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

This article provides a Taoist reading of Camus’ posthumously published novel, The first man. With its focus on the early life of the central character, Jacques Cormery, The first man is a semi-autobiographical account of learning and transformation, but it is, like so many other stories of its kind, one sustained by complex tensions: between the comfort of the familiar and the promise of the new; between possibility and despair; between resistance and acceptance. A theme that binds some of the key educational elements of the book together is love: Jacques’s love of his mother and his elementary school teacher and their love for him; love of learning; and love of ‘home’. A Taoist theoretical framework is helpful in understanding the nature of this love and its pedagogical significance. In particular, the book exemplifies the importance of the figure of the mother—both in the person of Jacques’s mother and more symbolically in the notion of ‘the Great Mother’. The article concludes with thoughts on the value of literature for educational inquiry.  相似文献   

6.
Abstract

The servant lives within the social relations of feudal class estrangement. He is a natural moralist who keeps his eyes and his mind open, amidst the compromises, intricacies, and oppression of being a servant, and he sees and understands a good deal more than those around him. Above all, he is a craftsman of experience who, in making history with only a few resources, lives an examined life, and turns estrangement into a life lived for others. Along the way, and ever sensitive to mundane hope and sorrow—even at the point of death—the servant offers educative insight into some of life’s questions. Within a broadly materialist and pragmatic framework, this article examines the concrete particularity of estrangement in terms of the servant’s actions, desires and relations with others.  相似文献   

7.
Autobiography presently occupies a beleaguered place in education, not unlike teachers, whose lives have been diminished through the current emphasis on testing outcomes. This paper uses WG Sebald’s writings as a place from which to relook at the relationship between writing and a life lived. Sebald was a German writer born in the shadow of WWII who wrestled with his difficult inheritance. The paper considers the ‘phantom traces’ of the author in Sebald’s creative writing, using the example of the story he tells of Paul Bereyter, Sebald’s elementary teacher. Paul committed suicide by laying himself on the railroad tracks of the town that first denied him the opportunity to teach during WWII yet accepted him back to the classroom after the war. Apparent in the telling of Paul’s story is Sebald’s interest in an ‘invisible subject’—the prolonged effect of the past, especially traumatic events, on thinking, feeling human beings. The paper draws on Sebald’s particular way of writing about his subject ‘at a slant’ so as to argue for a hermeneutical approach to currere, or autobiography in education.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

The present article investigates the rhythm of study as described by Giorgio Agamben in ‘The idea of study’, present in Idea of prose. In this short treatise, Agamben presents Melville’s scrivener Bartleby as the exemplary embodiment of study. Bartleby’s paradigmatic status, according to Agamben’s interpretation, does, however, exclude him from belonging to the ‘class of study’. Bartleby’s exclusion leads to the discovery of an unmentioned member of the ‘class of study’: Eros. The surprising absence of Eros dissolves, however, once he is recuperated as the image of ‘The idea of the work’. Bartleby’s exclusion and Eros’s absent inclusion and presence as the ‘The idea of the work’ not only demonstrate the close relation between study and work, but also explain Agamben’s considerations on the connection between study and the nature of his own work. The article concludes with a call for the remaining importance of Agamben’s festina lente, the rhythm of study, within the broader context of our contemporary university institutions. Once the incessant shuttling between passion and action has been called to a halt—in favour of one of the two extremities—study becomes impossible.  相似文献   

9.
冯星 《海外英语》2012,(15):172-173
More often than not,people are inclined to think they have known a certain person enough by his or her everyday appearance,manners,speech and behaviors and therefore tend to draw their conclusions on what this person is like in nature.Nonetheless,this could be misguiding and a misconception if we don’t see how he or she reacts at the turning point of matters that concern not just him or her,but also others.Time reveals a person’s heart,so does the adversity as illustrated in the short story--Mr.Know All which tries to convey a key message to its readers:don’t make your judgment about a book by its cover until you have read it through.  相似文献   

10.

Based on a life history account of Craig Francis, a young black male teacher living and working in Toronto, Canada, this paper examines his route to teaching, his perceptions and understandings of what it means to be a teacher, and the role of race in his aspirations and experiences. Significant to this examination is the ways in which Craig makes sense of his experiences growing up in Canada as a black immigrant male, the circumstances and structural factors that have shaped his life and informed his choice of teaching as a career, and his perceptions of the opportunities and possibilities that teaching provides him. The evidence indicates that Craig constructs his role as a teacher in relation to his identity as an immigrant black male and his desire to influence the education system and make a contribution to his community.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

R, a Y9 pupil with ADHD in a residential special school, KEYW ORDS is not managing to access the curriculum owing to his distractibility ADHD; and aggressive behaviour. Efforts to help him by adjusting prescribed individual medication are unsuccessful. Evidence is collected to assess his need for support; individual support as an alternative. Data are gathered through indi-residential vidual interviews, analysis of daily staff reports, and structured behav-school ioural observation. Analysis using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches shows that R functions more successfully when individually supported by an adult, and suggests that the quality of his relationship with that person is also significant.  相似文献   

12.
“大卫”描写了两个好朋友在登山运动中出现意外事故的经过。大卫不慎跌落,摔成重伤,不能再登山就等于生命的结束。因此他恳求叙述把他从悬岸峭壁上推下去。叙述经过痛苦的挣扎和思想斗争满足了朋友的要求,但是他带着终身的内疚。作品对景色的描写恰到好处地烘托了人物的心理。  相似文献   

13.
在王维研究中,人们习惯于将王维描述成一个佛教徒,一个隐士,一个田园山水诗人,并习惯于对王维诗中的“禅趣”和“禅意”以及王维同陶渊明,谢灵运等田无山水诗人的传承关系作分析,这种研究有其合理性,但以偏概全,据统计,王维存诗四百多首,田园山水诗只占其中的三分之一,王维诗歌的内容是相当丰富的,其中蕴涵的情感也相当复杂,故“佛教徒、隐士,田园山水诗人”还无法概括王维一生及其在诗歌中表现出的情感状态,而从王维与阮籍的关系角度入手可以破解王维研究中的许多迷茫和王维自身及诗歌中表现出的种种矛盾心态,从而揭示王维的“生命本相”。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

In Radical Education and the Common School (2011), Michael Field and Peter Moss argue for a radical alternative to the failed and dysfunctional contemporary discourse about education and the school with its focus on markets, competition, instrumentality, standardisation, and managerialism. They argue that it is necessary, if we are to progress “social alternatives” in education, to construct micro-histories of schools that have developed as “real utopias” through radically revising their practice. They call these micro-histories “critical case studies of possibilities”. In To Hell with Culture (1963), the art educator and anarchist Herbert Read returned to a theme he had been exploring since the early 1930s – the purpose of education. For him, “education” implied many things, but he saw modern practice as “socially disintegrating”. Instead, Read offered an alternative to the dominant discourse about education under capitalism in the 1960s which would create “that collective consciousness which is the spiritual energy of a people and the only source of its art and culture”. To what extent was Read’s conception of education an ideal, a dream unfulfilled? Following Fielding and Moss this paper will seek to trace “critical case studies of possibilities” drawn from the past which reflect the fundamental connection identified by Read between school learning, “collective consciousness”, art, and culture.  相似文献   

15.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(2):133-145
Abstract

Tuesdays with Morrie is a 1997 non-fictional book by an American writer, Mitch Albom, which was later made into a film with the same title. It tells the true story of sociologist Morrie Schwartz and his relationship with Mitch Albom as his protégé. When the professor is diagnosed with a terminal disease, Mitch begins to visit him at home and soon realises that although he has grown remarkably since he was at university, he still has a lot to learn about life. Students in an open and distance learning environment usually reside far away from the institution and often feel alienated when starting with the higher education learning process. For this article, the authors conducted an empirical research on e-mentorship in general and revisited the institutional tutor model on why students fail repeatedly. Furthermore, by observing mentor relationships an action plan is proposed for an e-mentor relationship in order to establish if such a relationship could be built on Johnson and Aragon's Framework for Online Learning Environments; what it should look like, how it should be contracted and which principles come into play in this endeavour. This article is reworked by the authors from the conference proceedings with the same title that was published on www.interdiscipinary.net in 2011.  相似文献   

16.
作为一个传统的士大夫,刘光第缘何走向维新之路,其原因有三,第一是“三爱”思想,即爱国、爱民、爱乡,三者合一,促使刘光第在人生道路选择上将自身命运与国家、民众、家乡连接在一起,最终助推了他走向维新之路。第二是家贫与出仕,生活的困苦促使他必须出仕,必须有所作为,参与维新乃是路径。第三是自身素质,如忍耐、勤勉、慎言、变革思维、忧患意识等,这有助于他与维新派思想上的相通、暗合。总之,刘光第走向维新之路的原因是多方面的,学界笼统地将之归为爱国一点,不足取。由刘光第推而广之,我国传统士大夫走上维新之路,在近代社会大变革的舞台上分化、转型而生成新的认知,其中自然蕴涵着共性的存在——爱国情怀,而其个人的内在因素及自身素质,也是左右其分化结果的重要所在。这种历史发展的个性分析,有助于我们全面探求近代社会的原生形态。  相似文献   

17.
This article examines the functions and dimensions of Chekhovian language. The authors make observations within this analysis which apply to the playwright's major works, and The Sea Gull in particular. The analysis is performed in relationship to Chekhov's creation of dialogue, characterization, and imagery. Dialogue is seen to measure the nature of a relationship more than provide an interchange of direct literal significance. Characterization appears to develop as a function of the dynamic interaction between a character's self‐preservation and his/her situation context and to be achieved within the linguistic structure of the play through the use of dissonances between what a character says and what is known about him/her, or harmonies evident when characters demonstrate complementary tendencies, and through the creation of characteristic modes of communication. Finally, imagery is seen to evolve as a function of the spiritual life of a character, acting as a communicative device depending upon its ability to provide shared meaning with other characters. The argument is made that a communicative analysis, such as this one, allows the director insights about a literary work at a secondary level, providing a more dynamic interpretation from which to stage its production.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Based on the analysis of Zhuangzi (especially the inner chapters), this paper attempts to illustrate the positive aspects of Zhuangzi’s idea concerning contented acceptance of fate (anming 安命), which is completely different from a fatalistic viewpoint. Through probing into the meaning of some important ideas and their interrelationships, such as the Dao, virtue, nature, and fate, this paper indicates the essentials of anming: first, the prerequisite that makes anming toward life possible is what Zhuangzi calls ‘clarity (ming 命)’. Second, the passive aspect that anming expresses is ‘bearing/suffering’, referring to a facticity that one must accept according to internal and external limits. Third, the positive aspect of anming, referring to the concept of enabling man with his own limits to be at peace with worldly things, is what Zhuangzi calls ‘following along (Shun 順)’. Anming reveals its true positivity by willingly ‘following along’ the nature of all things, just like Cook Ting’s knife, seemingly passive yet active, playing with ease in spaces according to the natural makeup of oxen. This positivity will definitely shed light on education toward catastrophes or disasters, helping people contentedly accept the natures and limits of their own and of things, and finding with flexibility the best way in dealing with misfortune in life.  相似文献   

19.
杜甫是伟大的诗人,他属于中国,更属于世界。杜甫一生中创作了大量的表现重大历史题材的现实主义诗篇,然而他也创作了一些闲适诗,其中有五首提及鹅。杜甫的咏鹅诗以诗人自身为吟咏对象的显现场所。这一现象启迪我们去追问杜甫咏鹅诗的本质,这些作品产生的原因,以及它们对真理的关系。海德格尔关于作品与真理关系的论述,为我们认识杜甫的咏鹅诗,提供了一个参照系。从杜甫的咏鹅诗出发,我们可以进而更好地把握杜甫民生诗篇的本质,因而二者在本质上是一致的,它们都是对生命本真状态的关注。杜甫的诗歌创作之所以达到了世界一流水准,与他所生活的时代和生存的境况均有关系。作为唐朝国教之一的基督宗教对杜甫有着潜移作用,以至于他无须变更自己的话语体系就接纳了基督精神。杜甫长期面临的生存压力使得他的思维异常地敏感,以至于在基督精神的推动下他关注到了自身、周边生存物以及宇宙中的其他生命个体。杜甫诗歌这一基本品格使得杜诗具有恒久的认识价值与审美价值。杜诗的认识价值使人们认为它值得一读且百读不厌。  相似文献   

20.
Edgar Allan Poe’s standing as a literary figure, who drew on (and sometimes dabbled in) the scientific debates of his time, makes him an intriguing character for any exploration of the historical interrelationship between science, literature and philosophy. His sprawling ‘prose-poem’ Eureka (1848), in particular, has sometimes been scrutinized for anticipations of later scientific developments. By contrast, the present paper argues that it should be understood as a contribution to the raging debates about scientific methodology at the time. This methodological interest, which is echoed in Poe’s ‘tales of ratiocination’, gives rise to a proposed new mode of—broadly abductive—inference, which Poe attributes to the hybrid figure of the ‘poet-mathematician’. Without creative imagination and intuition, Science would necessarily remain incomplete, even by its own standards. This concern with imaginative (abductive) inference ties in nicely with his coherentism, which grants pride of place to the twin virtues of Simplicity and Consistency, which must constrain imagination lest it degenerate into mere fancy.  相似文献   

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