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As the filter which can effectively remove the small amplitude noises on digital images, the ε-filter has been proposed. In order to effectively use this filter, a smoothing parameter ε-filter should be appropriately estimated before applying it. To address this problem, the authors proposed the parameter estimation method based on Hellinger distance (HD). In the method, HD between a residual signal and assumed noise distribution was evaluated, and a parameter ε of the ε-filter was estimated by finding the value giving minimum distance. However, the enough discussion on use of HD has not been made.In this paper, it is attempted to utilize not only the HD, but also various distribution distances in the parameter estimation, and their performances and characteristics are compared and analyzed experimentally. Furthermore, the parameter estimation method is extended to be applicable for the vector ε-filter for the color images. Consequently, through the experiments, it is shown that L1-norm or maximum norm is appropriate as the distribution distance used in the parameter estimation methods from the view points of the simplicity of the calculation and MSE performance in the filtering.  相似文献   

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Let {Πτ(m, n): m?≥?n?≥?0} be the family of periodic discrete transition matrices generated by bounded valued square matrices Λτ(n), where τ:[0,1,2,?)Ω is an arbitrary switching signal. We prove that the family {Πτ(m, n): m?≥?n?≥?0} of bounded linear operator is uniformly exponentially stable if and only if the sequence n?k=0neiαkΠτ(n,k)w(k):Z+R is bounded.  相似文献   

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This paper presents an optimal solution to asteroid soft landing problem, on the base of θ?D control technique and disturbance rejection mechanism. The control objective is to drive a probe to reach the surface of an asteroid with a desirable line-of-sight angle and zero velocity, eliminating the influence of external disturbance. Firstly, elementary θ?D technique is applied in the absence of disturbance to tackle the nonlinear optimal control problem. Secondly, the disturbance is estimated in the fast-estimation framework with explicitly bounded estimation error. Afterwards, an integrated control protocol is presented in a feed-forward structure by the aid of an additional variable-structure term to ensure stability under time-varying disturbance. Simulation results of the proposed approach compared with the results of elementary θ?D method and robust θ?D method are presented at the end of this paper, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.  相似文献   

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Given any finite family of real d-by-d nonsingular matrices {S1,,Sl}, by extending the well-known Li–Yorke chaos of a deterministic nonlinear dynamical system to a discrete-time linear inclusion or hybrid or switched system:
xn{Skxn?1;1kl},x0Rdandn1,
we study the chaotic dynamics of the state trajectory (xn(x0, σ))n ≥ 1 with initial state x0Rd, governed by a switching law σ:N{1,,l}. Two sufficient conditions are given so that for a “large” set of switching laws σ, there exhibits the scrambled dynamics as follows: for all x0,y0Rd,x0y0,
lim infn+xn(x0,σ)?xn(y0,σ)=0andlim supn+xn(x0,σ)?xn(y0,σ)=.
This implies that there coexist positive, zero and negative Lyapunov exponents and that the trajectories (xn(x0, σ))n ≥ 1 are extremely sensitive to the initial states x0Rd. We also show that a periodically stable linear inclusion system, which may be product unbounded, does not exhibit any such chaotic behavior. An explicit simple example shows the discontinuity of Lyapunov exponents with respect to the switching laws.  相似文献   

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In this paper, by applying the real representations of complex matrices, the particular structure of the real representations and the Moore–Penrose generalized inverse, we obtain the explicit expression of the minimal norm least squares Hermitian solution of the complex matrix equation AXB+CXD=E. And we also derive the minimal norm least squares Hermitian solution of the complex matrix equation AXB=E. Our proposed formulas only involve real matrices, and therefore are more effective and portable than those reported in Yuan and Liao (2014). The corresponding algorithms only perform real arithmetic which also consider the particular structure of the real representations of complex matrices. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.  相似文献   

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