This paper describes two teacher training programmes offered through Anadolu University's Open Education Faculty (OEF). The first programme, which began in 1985‐1986, is a pre‐bachelor certificate for 130,000 primary school teachers. The second programme, started in 1990, offers a university degree to 54,000 secondary school teachers. Pedagogy, course materials, delivery systems and evaluation are discussed for both programmes. 相似文献
New types of higher education establishment in developing countries were examined, and attention was given to new forms of study programme in existing institutions of higher education (eg. open universities, television universities, workers’ universities, correspondence and sandwich courses, etc.). The main trends and problems were identified and proposals were formulated for further UNESCO activities in this field.
Information on the main issues of the meeting is given below. 相似文献
This paper outlines these various programmes and then describes the experience at Cambridge with a research programme and a teaching programme which linked directly with manufacturing industry. 相似文献
Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review of the peer-reviewed literature was undertaken to analyse the evaluations based on: (i) year of publication; (ii) location of the study; (iii) programme delivery; (iv) evaluation methods; (v) outcome variables; and (vi) inclusion of evaluation in initial programme design.
Findings: The review finds that almost all studies use an experimental or quasi-experimental research design (i.e. using a control group or counterfactual), but some studies do not account for endogeneity or selection bias. Furthermore, only a small number of the evaluations were planned as part of the original programme design, which causes difficulties in obtaining robust counterfactuals. The review also finds that relatively few evaluations, approximately 20%, measure the programme impact on environmental outcomes and only 15% of the evaluations have been undertaken for programmes in developed countries.
Practical implication: Limitations with current evaluation practice are identified, and recommendations are provided for improving practice, including better treatment of endogeneity, and the complementary use of qualitative data.
Theoretical implication: The review provides a contribution to the debate about the use of quantitative versus qualitative evaluation methods, by addressing the use of both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods in a complementary way.
Originality/value: Despite their widespread implementation, this is the first systematic literature review for published evaluations of participatory extension programmes in the agricultural sector. 相似文献
A stratified random sample of 40 U.S. research university departments, 10 each in physics, sociology, electrical engineering, and education was surveyed by means of a questionnaire.
The major findings of this study suggest that faculty members at research universities express non‐receptive attitudes toward university generic strategies, although, more productive,more satisfied and more committed faculty members are relatively more receptive toward university strategies than less productive, less satisfied and less committed faculty members.
The meaning and the implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
Purpose: This study explores STEM students’ encounters with an interdisciplinary first year. Specifically, motivational patterns towards learning in two introductory courses followed by students from multiple study programmes are investigated.
Sample: 173 Danish undergraduate students enrolled in three science programmes: biomedicine; biochemistry and molecular biology; and physics.
Design and methods: Within the framework of Self-Determination Theory, a measure of autonomous and controlled motivation forms the basis for quantitative analyses (n = 173). A qualitative thematic analysis of students’ open responses further supplements and gives nuance to the findings.
Results: The motivational pattern of physics students is found to differ significantly from that of biochemistry and molecular biology (BMB) students and biomedicine students. The comments reveal that some students struggle to realise the relevance of the course content for their chosen study programme to an extent that makes them reconsider their study choice.
Conclusions: The study offers input to the discussion of how to present inter- and/or multidisciplinarity to students and points to implications on two levels: curriculum design and course content. The findings are of importance to educational planners, decision-makers and teachers dealing with the motivational range that exists within their courses. 相似文献
Rapid expansion in the provision of schooling has kept up the demand for teachers, and there is still a shortage situation to which a full response cannot be made at university level, so that two‐year courses must persist for some time. Different Ministries will continue to be responsible.
The author provides a detailed analysis of the content of initial training; correct pedagogic induction is regarded as highly important, though a satisfactory allocation of time has yet to be reached. This problem is recognised by both Ministries responsible for teacher training, and important experimental work is under way.
In‐service training is highly important, both school‐based and externally provided; the various agencies are described. The training is available up to and including Doctoral level.
Many studies have been carried out of teachers and teacher‐training, and these help with the identification of current problems. These problems are frankly identified by the author, who offers a view of the directions to be followed.
Mieczyslaw Pecherski is Professor of Education at the University of Warsaw and Secretary of the Pedagogic Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
There has existed, traditionally in Hungary, the two routes through teacher‐training familiar to many Western countries, characterised as the e'cole normale/university dichotomy. This has revealed a familiar problem: the older the age‐range for which the student is being trained, the less emphasis on pedagogy in the training.
Hungarian teacher education faces other problems. There is still a shortage of teachers, despite a high level of demand for training; demographic problems weigh heavily.
Attempts at finding solutions through mergers of institutions at different levels meet resistance, and the conflict of values from universities and teachers’ colleges echoes similar debates in, for example, France and Greece. The problems encountered raise a fundamental question: who should decide the nature of the teacher‐training programme: the specialist academics and pedagogues, or the employing community? In Hungary, the debate continues. 相似文献
Special attention will be given to four groups of problems: the importance of higher education in community development; the development of inter‐university co‐operation and collaboration with the United Nations University; the improvement of mobility of teachers and students in higher education; the increased international comparability and recognition of studies, degrees and diplomas.
These are the results of discussions and decisions of the 19th UNESCO General Conference which was held in Nairobi from 26 October to SO November 1976. The discussion of the UNESCO programme was based on the Draft Medium‐Term Plan (1977‐1982), and the Draft Programme and Budget 1977‐1978. Below we recall the relevant elements from these two documents and give a summary of views expressed during the conference concerning the UNESCO programme in the area of higher education. 相似文献
Information on the School Campus Interaction Programme (SCIP); an experiment in teacher education at the Faculty of Education of the University of British Columbia, Canada. SCIP aimed at closer interaction between the practice school and the university faculty and its students. This was achieved by giving students continuous school experience throughout the year, whereas students were always accompanied by and working with their teachers. The continual presence of the didactics professors in the practice school proved to be especially beneficial for the students as well as the schools. All participants in the programme reacted very positively to the programme.
The time spent in the practice school was increased largely at the expense of the available time for didactics, which was a matter of concern for the faculty members. However, this decrease in time for courses in didactics was found to be beneficial not only for the whole training course, but for those courses as well. 相似文献
Since 1982 a new integrated (concurrent) preservice teacher education programme is realised at the Austrian universities, which combines subject studies (in two fields) with teachers’ professional preparation (comprising theoretical studies and practical activities and experiences in education and teaching). The new teacher education programme takes 4#fr1/2> years and leads to the academic degree of a master of arts or science, which gives full professional teacher qualification. The profession‐oriented parts include studies in education and psychology (10 semester course units: 150 hours), subject teaching studies (12‐24 semesters course units: 180‐360 hours) and a 12‐week period of practical teaching experience. Each university designs within this framework a specific study programme. An overview is given in the paper; the programme of the university of Graz is shown in more detail as an example.
At present the introduction of a one‐year‐lasting induction period as a second phase of teacher education is discussed and planned, which should be established in 1988‐89. 相似文献
Considerable changes have taken place in the Irish educational system during the last 20 years. These are detailed, and reasons for a substantial programme of inservice training are given. The lessons of in‐company training are applied to teacher inservice programmes. The constraints of identity, experience and security and the way in which they influence individual perception of needs, and therefore of the relevance of particular inservice programmes are discussed. The lack of recognition that many needs are conjunctive leads to unnecessary duplication in course design. The potential of communal course spiral structures for effective utilisation of resources is illustrated by reference to two programmes undertaken by the authors in 1985.
The skills described, should it is argued, be present in any education course, for they are the basis for a sound, effective education. 相似文献
The second big breakthrough came with the Integrated Child Development Services in 1974, the world's largest intervention aimed at the most vulnerable children in urban slums, rural areas and tribal communities. Presently over 10 million children aged 0–6 years receive a package of six services in 400,000 centres, throughout the country.
There are also a number of small‐scale innovative programmes which reflect not only the geographic, cultural and occupational diversity of the country, but also represent a diversity of auspices ‐‐‐ from statutory provision in industrial units to community‐based initiatives, educational institutions, charitable trusts, women's organisations, trade unions, denominational groups, commercial ventures and nonprofit organisations, as well as variety in the nature and quality of services offered.
While the ICDS is characterised by its vast outreach, explicit targetting and integrated approach with emphasis on child survival and health, the small innovative programmes are known for flexibility, sensitivity and responsiveness to local need, emphasis on quality, cultural relevance and low‐cost approaches, experimentation in programme content and a strong component of community participation. 相似文献
The second big breakthrough came with the Integrated Child Development Services in 1974, the world's largest to attempt to provide a package of services to the most vulnerable children. The attached four-month job training, intended to develop paraprofessionals with multiple roles, supported by untrained ‘helpers’ is hence somewhat diluted in content.
In addition several other limited kinds of training in Early Childhood Education are available.
Training programmes have had to face several recurrent constraints related to issues of both quantity and quality—availability at different levels; relevance of content and appropriateness of methodology; motivation; certification; and the development of a trainer cadre.
Recently, innovative training programmes, three of which are mentioned, are attempting to meet these challenges in new ways. 相似文献
This paper describes the development and content of an in‐service professional development programme designed to meet the needs of part‐time staff as well as experienced staff. The principal sponsor of the project was an external examination body. 相似文献
Competencies were identified from a broad range of literature and then rated by 300 established engineers for importance to their jobs. The results indicated that non-technical, attitudinal and technical competencies were perceived to be important. Eleven competency factors were revealed empirically. Profiles of these competency factors among graduates would assist evaluation and improvement of engineering programmes. This is the first quantitative study conducted in Australia that encompassed all engineering disciplines and focused on established engineers rather than recent graduates. 相似文献
This paper reports the effects on Secondary school classroom on‐task behaviour of a number of ‘light’ behavioural interventions. Six whole class studies are reported. Increase in pupil on‐task behaviour resulted in three cases‐‐though in one situation a return to baseline phase was not attempted. In two further cases inconclusive outcomes resulted and the reasons for this are discussed. In one case initial levels of on‐task behaviour were so high that little room for improvement was possible.
The lack of demonstration of the effect of the interventions on any individual pupil's behaviour is recognised, although positive outcome data for one pupil are reported.
The conclusion is drawn that ‘light’ behavioural strategies can effect change in the behaviour of secondary aged pupils in a positive direction. 相似文献
All plans for this integrated training program are designed to provide training normally encompassed by the traditional two‐stage programm.
The integrated training program includes:
- studies in the areas of education and social science;
- studies in two major subjects which are later to be taught at school;
- practical studies and activities.
The new model leads to the following degrees:
- nine semesters of study for a Certificate of Qualification for primary and lower‐level secondary school;
- eleven semesters for a Certificate of Qualification for higher‐level secon dary school and the education of exceptional children.
Theoretic training in major subject areas and related didactic training as well as education and social studies take place chiefly in the form of projects. A basic assumption is that interdisciplinary projects which are practice‐ and problemoriented permit a highly desirable integration of theory and practice on the whole.
In the project, contact teachers are an essential link between field practice at school and academic training at the university. Contact teachers are under contact to the university for an extended period of time (generally three years). In place of remunation, their teaching loads are reduced by ten hours per week.
In 1978/79 the project will be put to the test as the first generation of students prepares for State Board Examinations. 相似文献