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1.
The ongoing globalization leads to an increasing scattering of cultural groups into other cultural groups where they the latter continue to be affiliated with one another thereby forming diasporic identities. Diasporic identities emerge from a process of cultural bricolage that leads to cultural métissage and therefore hybridity and heterogeneity. To escape the hegemonies that arise from the ontology of the same—which, as I show, undergirds much of educational thought—I ground the notion of diaspora in the ontology of difference. Difference and heterogeneity are the norm, not something less than sameness and purity. This ontology allows framing bricolage, métissage, hybridity, and heterogeneity as positive concepts for theorizing the experiences of learning science and identity not only as a consequence of cross-national migrations—Mexicans in the US, Asians and Europeans in Canada, Africans in Europe—but also the experience of native speakers who, in science classrooms, find themselves (temporarily) at home away from home. My exemplary analyses show how the very fact of cultural and linguistic differences within themselves gives rise to the possibility of symbolic violence in science classrooms even to those whose ethos is or is closest to the one at the heart of science.
Wolff-Michael RothEmail:
Wolff-Michael Roth   is Lansdowne Professor of Applied Cognitive Science at the University of Victoria, Canada. His research focuses on cultural-historical, linguistic, and embodied aspects of scientific and mathematical cognition and communication from elementary school to professional practice, including, among others, studies of scientists, technicians, and environmentalists at their work sites. The work is published in leading journals of linguistics, social studies of science, sociology, and fields and subfields of education (curriculum, mathematics education, science education). His recent books include Toward an Anthropology of Science (Kluwer, 2003), Rethinking Scientific Literacy (Routledge, 2004, with A. C. Barton), Talking Science (Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), and Doing Qualitative Research: Praxis of Method (SensePublishers, 2005).  相似文献   

2.
There are some fundamental—i.e., essential—differences between conceptual change theory and a rigorously applied discourse approach to the question of what and how people know. In this rejoinder, I suggest that the differences are paradigmatic because, among others, the units of analysis used and the data constructed are irreconcilably different. I now have abandoned my hopes for a collaborative extension of the two approaches, which I articulated not so long ago. I conclude that as alternative paradigms, conceptual change and discursive approaches will co-exist until one of them dies with its proponents.
Wolff-Michael RothEmail:
Wolff-Michael Roth   is Lansdowne Professor of Applied Cognitive Science at the University of Victoria, Canada. His research focuses on cultural–historical, linguistic, and embodied aspects of scientific and mathematical cognition and communication from elementary school to professional practice, including, among others, studies of scientists, technicians, and environmentalists at their work sites. The work is published in leading journals of linguistics, social studies of science, sociology, and fields and subfields of education (curriculum, mathematics education, science education). His recent books include Toward an Anthropology of Science (Kluwer 2003), Rethinking Scientific Literacy (Routledge 2004, with A. C. Barton), Talking Science (Rowman and Littlefield 2005), and Doing Qualitative Research: Praxis of Method (SensePublishers 2005).  相似文献   

3.
This commentary on Roth, Lee, and Hwang’s paper aims at analysing their theoretical approach in terms of its object of study, and the aspects that are brought to the fore, like the cultural activity of conversation, and those that are overshadowed, like the role of the material world and its perception on learning. This analysis, developed on the basis of a pragmatic approach that combines theoretical frameworks, leads to a debate about the relevant components of teaching–learning situations according to the theoretical approaches, and the extent to which, due to the complexity of the studied phenomena, some theoretical frameworks are complementary or concurrent.
Andrée TiberghienEmail:
Andrée Tiberghien   obtained her Ph.D. in condensed matter physics from the University of Paris 6 in 1972. She started her research in science education with studies on students’ conceptions in several domains (electricity, heat-temperature, light). Currently her research work is focused on classroom practices and the evolution of students’ knowledge during teaching sequences. She is in charge of a database project on video recordings of teaching and training situations (ViSA). She has contributed for more than 10 years to a research-development group of researchers and teachers who are producing new teaching resources. She is a member of the science expert group of PISA 2006 and 2009.  相似文献   

4.
In this study, we propose a set of concepts for conceptualizing issues of learning science related to globalization, the encounter with the (radically) foreign/strange—as this occurs as part of migration and even as part of the encounter of a learner with the unknown content that science lessons are to impart—from the perspective of the experiencing person and the experience. We take an approach to the question of the foreign/strange that is grounded in philosophies of difference, which have emerged in continental Europe, and which make use of advances in phenomenology, dialectics, and materialism. We draw on ethnographic work in one undergraduate physics course at a Canadian university, where we followed in particular one female Japanese student, who had come to this country for the purpose of getting a degree. As an entry point and as source of empirical materials, we draw on our own auto/ethnographic experience that brings particular advantages to ally pathos to the experience of the foreign/strange, something is happening to (affecting) us that is beyond all experience, understanding, and anticipation. We articulate three phenomenological aspects that pathos (empathy) allows us to understand concerning the experience of the foreign/strange and then provide an exemplary and exemplifying analysis.
SungWon HwangEmail:
SungWon Hwang   is postdoctoral fellow at the University of Victoria, Canada, in which she has conducted interdisciplinary research projects that focus on cultural-historical perspectives of learning and identity and the role of the body in the context of science and mathematics. She taught middle school students in Korea and obtained her Ph.D in Seoul National University. Through her postdoctoral studies, she has developed her research interests in cultural studies and video-based qualitative research. Wolff-Michael Roth   is the Lansdowne Professor of Applied Cognitive Science at the University of Victoria, Canada. His research focuses on cultural-historical, linguistic, and embodied aspects of scientific and mathematical cognition and communication from elementary school to professional practice, including, among others, studies of scientists, technicians, and environmentalists at their work sites. The work is published in leading journals of linguistics, social studies of science, sociology, and fields and subfields of education (curriculum, mathematics education, science education). His recent books include Toward an Anthropology of Science (Kluwer, 2003), Rethinking Scientific Literacy (Routledge, 2004, with A. C. Barton), Talking Science (Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), and Doing Qualitative Research: Praxis of Method (SensePublishers, 2005).  相似文献   

5.
The radical philosophies of difference articulated by Deleuze and Guattari are just beginning to impinge the field of education although less so within science education. One common thread among the numerous concepts and neologisms (especially the rhizome) that have been coined is the necessity for thinking and acting in what they call ‘experimental’ modes, which shifts our focus onto the eternal process of becoming rather than merely (re)producing states of being. I reflect upon these seemingly utopian ideas in the light of recent educational changes in Singapore aimed at preparing competent citizen–workers for the knowledge economy and globalization. In particular, this paper shows how one elementary science teacher adopted guerilla tactics while negotiating these sometimes conflicting transitions in policies. I argue that neither mandated, top-down reforms nor drastic experimentation by individuals alone are most productive but rather working in the ephemeral in-between spaces of the rhizome, which Deleuze and Guattari had all long championed.
Yew-Jin LeeEmail:
Yew-Jin Lee   is a long-time teacher-educator in Singapore. He has interests in qualitative research and brings to science education concepts from discourse/conversation analysis, ethnomethodology, sociology, and philosophy. A recent book written together with Roth, Hwang and Goulart published by Lehmanns Media was entitled “Participation, learning, and identity: Dialectical perspectives” and he is currently editing a book on science education research in Asia to be released by Sense Publishers.  相似文献   

6.
This article reviews the work of Jong-Hsiang Yang in science education and his efforts in creating a research culture in Taiwan. Following in Yang’s footprints, the rebuilding of science education, implementing a new science curriculum, and gaining the academic status of science education, we go through the important years of the development of science education in Taiwan. His leadership in introducing interpretive research methods and expanding international studies catalyzed profound changes to science education research in Taiwan.
Sheau-Wen LinEmail:
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7.
Bringing a greater number of students into science is one of, if not the most fundamental goals of science education for all, especially for heretofore-neglected groups of society such as women and Aboriginal students. Providing students with opportunities to experience how science really is enacted—i.e., authentic science—has been advocated as an important means to allow students to know and learn about science. The purpose of this paper is to problematize how “authentic” science experiences may mediate students’ orientations towards science and scientific career choices. Based on a larger ethnographic study, we present the case of an Aboriginal student who engaged in a scientific internship program. We draw on cultural–historical activity theory to understand the intersection between science as practice and the mundane practices in which students participate as part of their daily lives. Following Brad, we articulate our understanding of the ways in which he hybridized the various mundane and scientific practices that intersected in and through his participation and by which he realized his cultural identity as an Aboriginal. Mediated by this hybridization, we observe changes in his orientation towards science and his career choices. We use this case study to revisit methodological implications for understanding the role of “authentic science experiences” in science education.
Michiel van EijckEmail:
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8.
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9.
This article reviews the significance of the contributions of Ernst von Glasersfeld to research in science education, especially through his theoretical contributions on radical constructivism. As a field shaper, Glasersfeld’s subversive ideas catalyzed debate in the science education community and fuelled transformation of many facets including research methods, ways of thinking about teaching and learning, curriculum, and science teacher education. Perturbations emanating from the debates on constructivism forged new pathways that led to the development and use of many of the sociocultural frameworks employed by authors in Cultural Studies of Science Education.
Kenneth TobinEmail:
Kenneth Tobin   is Presidential Professor of Urban Education at the Graduate Center of City College. In 2004 Tobin was recognized by the National Science Foundation as a Distinguished Teaching Scholar and by the Association for the Education of Teachers of Science as Outstanding Science Teacher Educator of the Year. Prior to commencing a career as a teacher educator, Tobin taught high school science and mathematics in Australia and was involved in curriculum design. His research interests are focused on the teaching and learning of science in urban schools, which involve mainly African American students living in conditions of poverty. A parallel program of research focuses on coteaching as a way of learning to teach in urban high schools. Recently Tobin published a book with Wolff-Michael Roth entitled Teaching to learn: A view from the field and edited two volumes entitled The culture of science education: Its history in person and Science, learning, and identity: Sociocultural and cultural-historical perspectives. In 2006 Tobin edited Teaching and learning science: A handbook.  相似文献   

10.
This paper comments on Reisch’s book How the Cold War Transformed Philosophy of Science. Overall supportive of Reisch’s project and perspective, it raises certain points where the data appear inconclusive and either provides additional support or briefly explores some interpretative alternatives.
Thomas UebelEmail:
Thomas Uebel   is professor of philosophy at the University of Manchester, England. One of his main research interests is the history of philosophy of science where he has published widely on different aspects of logical empiricsm. His latest book is Empiricism at the Crossreads. The Vienna Circle’s Protocol Sentence Debate Revisited (Open Court, Chicago, 2007).  相似文献   

11.
In this response, we attempt to clarify our position on conceptual change, state our position on mental models being a viable construct to represent learning, indicate important issues from the social cultural perspective that can inform our work on conceptual change and lastly comment on issues that we consider to be straw men. Above all we argue that there is no best theory of teaching and learning and argue for a multiple perspective approach to understanding science teaching and learning.
Reinders DuitEmail:
David F. Treagust   is a professor of science education at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia where he teaches courses in campus-based and international programs related to teaching and learning science. His research interests include understanding students’ ideas about science concepts and how these ideas relate to conceptual change, the design of curricula and teachers’ classroom practices. Reinders Duit   is a professor of physics education at the Leibniz Institute for Science Education (IPN) at the University of Kiel, the Central Institute for Science Education Research in Germany. A major concern of his work has been teaching and learning science from conceptual change perspectives. More recently, his work includes video-based studies on the practice of science instruction as well as teacher professional development.  相似文献   

12.
This article arises from a study whose overall purpose was to investigate the relationship between Colombian mathematics teachers’ conceptions of beginning algebra and their conceptions of their own teaching practices. The teachers’ understandings of their teaching practices were explored with a view to unravelling their conceptions of change in their teaching. Focusing on the perspectives of teachers afforded opportunities that exposed the powerful role that the teachers’ conceptions of social/institutional factors of teaching played in their conceptions of their practices. The degree to which the teachers attributed these (external) factors as crucial reasons for what they do in their teaching was the basis of a categorisation of their conceptions of the crucial determinants of their teaching practices into three types. The findings are particularly relevant to our understanding of the stability of mathematics teaching approaches in the Colombian context but have likely implications for a range of international education contexts. Specific implications for the development of the research into teachers’ conceptions of mathematics and its teaching, and for teacher education programmes are presented.
Alan J. BishopEmail:
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13.
Recent feminist philosophers of science have argued that feminist values can contribute to rational decisions about which scientific theories to accept. On this view, increasing the number of feminist scientists is important for ensuring rational and objective theory acceptance. The Underdetermination Thesis has played a key role in arguments for this view [Anderson (1995) Hypatia 10(3), 50–84; Hankinson Nelson (1990) Who knows? From Quine to a feminist empiricism. Temple University Press, Philadelphia; Longino (1990) Science as social knowledge. Princeton University Press, Princeton; Longino (2002) The fate of knowledge. Princeton University Press, Princeton; Kourany (2003) Philosophy of Science 70, 1–14]. This thesis is alleged to open an argumentative “gap” between evidence and theory acceptance and provide a rationale for filling the gap with feminist values. While I agree with the conclusion that feminist values can contribute to rational decisions about which theories to accept, I argue that the Underdetermination Thesis cannot support this claim. First, using earlier arguments [Laudan (1990) in: R. Giere (ed) Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, vol 14, pp 267–297; Slezak (1991) International Studies in Philosophy of Science 5, 241–256; Pinnick (1994) Philosophy of Science 61, 664–657] I show that Underdetermination cannot, by itself, establish that feminist values should fill the gap in theory acceptance. Secondly, I argue that the very use of the Underdetermination Thesis concedes that feminist values are extra-scientific, a-rational, factors in theory acceptance. This concession denies feminists grounds to explain why their values contribute to rational scientific reasoning. Finally, I propose two alternative ways to explain how feminist values can contribute to rational theory acceptance that do not rely on Underdetermination.
Kristen IntemannEmail:
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14.
This paper asks what is necessary in a theory of science adequate to the task of empowering philosophers of science to participate in public debate about science in a social context. It is argued that an adequate theory of science must be capable of theorizing the role of values and motives in science and that it must take seriously the irreducibly social nature of scientific knowledge.
Don HowardEmail:
Don Howard   is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy and the Program in History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Notre Dame. He holds a B.Sc. in physical sciences from Michigan State University and both an M.A. and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Boston University. His special interests include the history and philosophical foundations of physics and the history of the philosophy of science. Recent publications include: The Challenge of the Social and the Pressure of Practice: Science and Values Revisited, co-edited with Martin Carrier and Janet Kourany (University of Pittsburgh Press, forthcoming); “‘Let me briefly indicate why I do not find this standpoint natural.’ Einstein, General Relativity, and the Contingent A Priori,” in Synthesis and the Growth of Knowledge: Examining Michael Friedman’s Approach to the History of Philosophy and Science, Michael Dickson and Mary Domski, eds. (Open Court, forthcoming); “Einstein and the Philosophy of Science,” in the Cambridge Companion to Einstein, Michel Janssen and Christoph Lehner, eds. (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming); and “Albert Einstein as a Philosopher of Science,” Physics Today (2005).  相似文献   

15.
This article examines the literature on Native science in order to address the presumed binaries between formal and informal science learning and between Western and Native science. We situate this discussion within a larger discussion of culturally responsive schooling for Indigenous youth and the importance of Indigenous epistemologies and contextualized knowledges within Indigenous communities.
Bryan McKinley Jones BrayboyEmail: Email:
Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy (Lumbee)   is Borderland’s associate professor of educational leadership and policy studies at Arizona State University and President’s professor of education at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. His research focuses on Indigenous ways of knowing and being, Indigenous teacher education, and Indigenous students in higher education. He can be contacted at bryan.brayboy@asu.edu or ffbb@uaf.edu. Angelina E. Castagno   is an assistant professor in educational leadership and foundations at Northern Arizona University. Her research centers on Indigenous education, multicultural education, and critical race and whiteness theories. She can be contacted at angelina.castagno@nau.edu.  相似文献   

16.
This paper provides another way to gaze upon Brad’s story as presented by van Eijck and Roth (2010). It raises questions about infrastructural racism in contemporary science education by exploring its association with Whiteness and White privilege. To explore the racial positioning inherent in Western science education specific attention is given to the positions of power that accompany Western ways of knowing the world (i.e., science education) in comparison to Other ways of knowing the world (i.e., First Nations Ways of Knowing). The paper suggests the power relationships inherent within this dualism are asymmetrical due to the implications of Whiteness within colonial societies. Even though power relations were not discussed in Brad’s story, the paper suggests the implications were visible. The paper concludes by advocating for a re-imagining in science education where the traditional ontological and epistemological foundations are deconstructed and spaces are created for enacting practical ways of resisting oppression.
Ali SammelEmail:
Alison Sammel   received her doctorate in 2005 for a study that used critical theory and feminist poststructuralism to analyze how five science teachers believed they incorporated critical forms of pedagogy in their high school science classrooms. Intrigued by the social construction of the ‘Western science teacher’ she continues to explore the teaching and learning of Science through the lens of feminist poststructuralism. Alison currently teaches at the School of Education and Professional Studies at Griffith University on the Gold Coast and researches in the fields of Science and Anti-oppressive pedagogies.  相似文献   

17.
Results of various studies suggest that multimedia ‘case methods’ (activities associated with case documentaries) have many benefits in university-based teacher education contexts. They can, for example, help to ‘bridge the gap’ between perspectives and practices held by academic teacher educators and those held by student-teachers – who may adhere to perspectives and practices commonly supported in schools. On the other hand, some studies, along with theoretical arguments, suggest that there are limits to the effectiveness of multimedia case methods – because, for example, they can never fully represent realities of teaching and learning in schools. Furthermore, often missing from multimedia case methods is the student-teacher in the role of teacher. To address these concerns, we modified an existing multimedia case method by associating it with a special practice teaching situation in a school context. Qualitative data analyzed using constant comparative methods suggest that student-teachers engaged in this modified multimedia case method developed relatively deep commitments to encouraging students to conduct technology design projects – a non-traditional practice in school science. Factors that appeared to influence development of this motivation included student-teachers’ pre-instructional perspectives about science and the personalization and contextualization inherent to the modified multimedia case method.
Erminia PedrettiEmail:
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18.
This article reviews significant contributions made by Joe L. Kincheloe to critical research in science education, especially through a multimethodological, multitheoretical, and multidisciplinary informed lens that incorporates social, cultural, political, economic, and cognitive dynamics—the bricolage. Kincheloe’s ideas provide for a compelling understanding of, and insights into, the forces that shape the intricacies of teaching and learning science and science education. They have implications in improving science education policies, in developing actions that challenge and cultivate the intellect while operating in ways that are more understanding of difference and are socially just.
Gillian U. BayneEmail:
Gillian U. Bayne   is an assistant professor of science education at Lehman College, City University of New York. Having also completed a master’s degree in secondary science education at New York University, she has taught science both in New York City’s public school system and in independent schools for over 10 years. Gillian’s research interests are focused on the utilization of cogenerative dialogues with high school and college students, their teachers and other stakeholders to improve science teaching and learning.  相似文献   

19.
The four essays reviewed here constitute a worthwhile attempt to discuss various aspects of postcolonial theory, and offer constructive ideas to ongoing academic as well as public conversations with respect to whether science education can meet the challenges of educating an increasingly diverse population in the 21st century. These essays are grounded in the assumption that it is difficult to make meaningful and transformative changes in science education so that educators’ efforts take into consideration the dramatic changes (i.e., diverse culture and racial origins, language, economic status etc.) of ‘an era of globalization’ in order to meet the demands of today’s schools. Each of these four essays problematizes various aspects of the social and cultural conditions of science education nowadays using different ‘postcolonial’ ideas to interpret the implications for science learning and teaching. Although the term ‘postcolonial’ has certainly multiple meanings in the literature, we use this term here to describe the philosophical position of these essays to challenge long-standing and hegemonic practices and taken-for-granted assumptions in science education. Through critical analysis of these essays, we engage in a dialogue with the authors, focusing on two of what seem crucial issues in understanding the potential contributions as well as the risks of postcolonial concepts in science education; these issues are space and identity. We choose these issues because they permeate all four essays in interesting and often provocative ways.
Michalinos ZembylasEmail:
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20.
Nondeterminism is a fundamental concept in computer science that appears in various contexts such as automata theory, algorithms and concurrent computation. We present a taxonomy of the different ways that nondeterminism can be defined and used; the categories of the taxonomy are domain, nature, implementation, consistency, execution and semantics. An historical survey shows how the concept was developed from its inception by Rabin & Scott, Floyd and Dijkstra, as well as the interplay between nondeterminism and concurrency. Computer science textbooks and pedagogical software are surveyed to determine how they present the concept; the results show that the treatment of nondeterminism is generally fragmentary and unsystematic. We conclude that the teaching of nondeterminism must be integrated through the computer science curriculum so that students learn to see nondeterminism both in terms of abstract mathematical entities and in terms of machines whose execution is unpredictable.
Michal Armoni (Corresponding author)Email:
Mordechai Ben-AriEmail:
Michal Armoni   is a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Science Teaching of the Weizmann Institute of Science. She received her PhD in science teaching from the Tel Aviv University, and her BA and MSc in computer science from the Technion. Her research interests are in the teaching and learning processes in computer science, in particular of fundamental concepts such as reduction and nondeterminism. She is currently on leave from the computer science department of the Open University of Israel. She has extensive experience in developing learning materials in computer science and in teaching the subjects at all levels from high school through graduate students. Mordechai Ben-Ari   is an associate professor in the Department of Science Teaching of the Weizmann Institute of Science. He holds a PhD in mathematics and computer science from the Tel Aviv University. In 2004, he received the ACM/SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education. He is the author of numerous computer science textbooks and of Just a Theory: Exploring the Nature of Science (Prometheus 2005). His research interests include the use of visualization in teaching computer science, the pedagogy of concurrent and distributed computation, the application of theories of education to computer science education and the nature of science.  相似文献   

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