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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):126-131
AbstractThe restoration of two early eighteenth-century marble statues by Antonio Corradini is described. Methylene chloride was used to remove plant stains. Sepiolite (magnesium silicate) and water drew out the dirt, and thick incrustations were removed with an ultrasonic dental tool. Incorrectly restored parts were remodelled according to contemporary prints, not in marble but using a casting procedure. 相似文献
2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):193-200
AbstractThis paper reports the process of deterioration of the white marble used in the Alhambra of Granada, and its consequences. Variations in mineralogical composition, microscopic topology, hardness, compressive strength, propagation of ultrasonic waves, absorptIon and diffusion of water and properties related to the pore structure were studied. The relationships between these factors, the visible deterioration and possible mechanisms are discussed. A preliminary evaluation of some protective treatments was carried out. The results can also be applied to white Macael marble used in other monuments in an environment with wide fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity. 相似文献
3.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):127-136
This paper argues that traditional experimental methodology contributes to violating “representative validity,” defined herein as the degree to which “actual” generalizable behavior is produced in an experimental context. The importance of representative validity is discussed, and the use of the general linear model is advocated as a means of maximizing representativeness in experimental design. Six issues are discussed in connection with representative design, and the general linear model is presented as a solution to various problems which adversely affect representative validity. These issues are statistical power analysis, the use of continuous variables, unbalanced designs, non‐linearity, interactions, and random and mixed‐effects models. It is suggested that the common use of linear model techniques provides the potential for increased flexibility and encourages creative design of experimental research. 相似文献
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5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):149-153
AbstractA broth containing the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was used to treat samples of reagent calcium sulfate, gypsum-rock specimens, fragments from a marble monument with a black weathering crust rich in gypsum, and a marble monument with similar crust. Calcite was found to have formed on all treated surfaces suggesting that this microbe has the potential to clean crusted marble monuments whilst also regenerating calcite, the parent mineral of the marble. 相似文献
6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):201-205
AbstractWe have reacted Georgia marble in sulfur dioxide (SO2) enriched atmospheres and calculated the reaction rate constant. This constant was derived from surface reduction data, obtained by leaching thereaction product from samples exposed for different periods of time. Application of this constant to marble weathered in known ambient levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and relative humidity, allows the prediction of the thickness of the resulting gypsum crust formed over a given period of time. We have found that the crust grows outwards due to calciumions which migrate from the interior and then react with sulfur dioxide at the sample surface. Thus, anytreatment of the sulfated marble should include the considerations that the crust only masks the marble surface and is not an integral part of the original sculpture, and that cavities exist in the underlying layer of marble from which the calcium ions were selectively depleted. 相似文献
7.
AbstractThe recent development of a phosphate hardening paste without oxalates, as well as consideration of the mixed calcium oxalate-phosphate composition of the hardest urinary stones, provide evidence to suggest that the formation of some patinas is the result of old protective treatments on stone surfaces. The formation of patinas with phosphates and oxalate scialbatura on marble and limestone is discussed as a contribution to the debate amongst conservators and scientists about the nature, composition and origin of these patinas. It is concluded that for the formation of both the inner part and the outer part of the patinas, the concurrent action of microorganisms and man is necessary. In both cases, man provides the foods and the microorganisms effect the transformation. 相似文献
8.
Speeches that advocated “institutional”; norms were compared with speeches that did not, in conditions where male and female speakers were varied. Female speakers were more successful when they took a noninstitutional position, and male speakers were more successful when they took an institutional position. “Masculinity”; and “Femininity”; were not significant factors in any of the effects. 相似文献
9.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):197-204
AbstractThis work combines our observation that the details of marble statues that have already been lost from the calcite surface are preserved in the gypsum layer, with our research on the mechanism of marble sulfation, to lead to a consolidation of the gypsum, transforming it back to calcium carbonate (calcite) using carbonate ions in solution. Our research shows the mechanism of the conversion of gypsum to calcite, the rate determining steps being the desorption and diffusion of CO2?3 We found that the reproduction of the surface detail and the improvement of the mechanical properties was very satisfactory. 相似文献
10.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):177-188
AbstractThe examination of the original polychromy of a fourth century B.C. classical Greek marble basin revealed a number of unusual pigments. In addition to natural cinnabar, and Egyptian blue, analysis has shown the presence of wild madder (Rubia peregrina) as the colorant in a purple pigment. This is one of the very few instances in which the use of madder as a colorant in classical painting has been established analytically. The white pigment was found to be neutral lead carbonate (cerussite). The use of this carbonate in painting is extremely rare. The yellow pigment was identified as misy (jarosite). The use of jarosites, iron sulphates, as pigments in painting has not been reported previously. 相似文献
11.
《资料收集管理》2013,38(2):41-52
Abstract The notion of pseudoscience, as coined by philosopher Karl Popper, is discussed in the context of its application to library science and its implications for selection. Popper's demarcation criterion is described. The literature on pseudoscience and libraries, which accepts Popper's demarcation criteria, is summarized and critiqued. The received view of a rigid distinction between pseudoscience and science is found wanting. The new sociology of scientific knowledge and constructivism is described and advocated as an alternative to the received view of science, and the notion of ‘boundary work’ is suggested as an alternative to demarcation. It is concluded that constructivism is a non-elitist, democratic, and client-centered guide to selection. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT Approaches to the measurement of catalog record quality are discussed. The systematic application of specific evaluation criteria may be more reliable than expert opinion, if not necessarily more accurate, and the construction of an error weightings table based on empirical investigation into catalog use is described. Although this process proved to be complex, and involved significant methodological problems, it was shown to be readily achievable. As catalog use may in many cases be insufficiently uniform across libraries to allow for generic evaluation criteria, it is proposed that cataloging managers construct their own set by studying the impact that record quality has on the particular use of their own catalogs. Thus more empirical research into catalog use is advocated, in order to supplement expert opinion and to build toward a practice of evidence-based cataloging. 相似文献
13.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):118-126
AbstractA series of corroded stone specimens from Salzburg monuments was examined by electron-probe microanalysis. The crusts arose from environmental effects, in the case of marble primarily from SO2. Deterioration phenomena can be correlated with stone surface features. 相似文献
14.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):134-153
AbstractA broad outline of the considerations which arise with regard to the conservation of a museum collection of tapestries is given in this paper. The various types of damage to, and deterioration of, tapestries is discussed.Various methods of washing and dry cleaning, and the equipment necessary for these procedures, are reviewed, and a caution is included as to the necessity of testing all dyes for colour fastness in both water and any solvent used for dry cleaning. The equipment, materials and techniques of repair are discussed; three methods of repair being currently used in museums and specialist workshops — re-weaving, stitching on to a backing and the use of synthetic resins for impregnation and adhesion to a woven support. It is suggested in conclusion that the optimum method of repair in museums is stitching on to a backing. More research must be undertaken into the use of synthetic resins, and re-weaving usually alters the original appearance of the tapestry.Finally, the need for specialised conservation staff in a museum with a tapestry collection is emphasised. 相似文献
15.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(5):291-305
AbstractThe possible meanings in conservation of the word authenticity are discussed and some different definitions are briefly evaluated. Recent research showing the brain reacts differently to the concepts of copy and authentic is reviewed. The relationship between cultural heritage charters and how authenticity has been employed in them is explored with examples from the Athen's Charter, The Venice Charter, The Nara Document, The San Antonio Declaration, and the UNESCO World Heritage Documents. Several examples are discussed in the text concerning the interactions between authenticity and restoration, employing the examples of ancient buildings and old master paintings. Some of the important writings on the subject of authenticity by scholars and art historians are reviewed. Criteria which could be used to evaluate the concept of authenticity in different cultural settings are discussed and these are illustrated with case studies taken from restoration carried out on ancient marble sculptures, the Sistine Chapel frescoes by Michelangelo, and the artwork of several prominent forgers. Given that concerns about the authenticity of art are multi-dimensional, it is important that the present fragmentation of the arguments concerning authenticity across the disciplines properly take into account the conservation field and are aware of the debates within conservation concerning this topic. The questioning of the relevance of authenticity is a healthy process, and may now be framed quite differently from the way in which it was discussed even 20 years ago. 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACTWe argue the need to demonstrate the value of preservation services to institutions, the public and funders, because it matters conceptually and needs to be supported and validated. To address this imperative, improved and focused data capture and its use by collection managers is advocated as the necessary first step towards the development of an evidence-based culture for preservation services and synoptic decision-making, where evidence enables us to optimise the outcome of planning. To do so, we need tools that enable us to evaluate diverse preservation scenarios. We demonstrate the potential of emerging cross-disciplinary tools and protocols developed in the recent years such as attitude surveys, computational modelling and demographic modelling. These offer evidence that informs prospective preservation planning and, importantly, provides a credible evidence base for advocacy. These possibilities are discussed within the wider context of well-established preservation planning protocols that have shaped collection management for three decades, broadly characterised as retrospective. 相似文献
17.
Emily F. Gorman 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(3):478
Background:Game-based learning is a successful strategy for teaching various concepts to students, from general orientations to more in-depth material. Pharmacy students in a first-year lab course were introduced to library and drug information resources through a lecture-style class in their first week of school, which was ineffective in terms of engagement. To combat this issue, the pharmacy liaison librarian advocated for moving this class session later in the semester and proposed a game-based activity to replace the lecture.Case Presentation:“The Amazing Race: Drug Information Edition” was inspired by a well-known TV competition that involves completing several stages (called “legs”) of challenges to finish the race. The librarian developed questions designed to make students use various parts of the library website as well as two drug information databases. Students competed in teams, and the first three teams to complete the race were awarded small prizes. The race was first implemented in 2018, and modifications were made to the 2019 iteration based on student feedback.Conclusions:Despite several challenges, the race was well received by both the students and the course instructors and increased engagement with introductory library and drug information material. The activity has enhanced the librarian''s relationship and collaboration with the course faculty and made a positive impression on the students. 相似文献
18.
AbstractThe chemical and physical properties of AgelessR oxygen absorber, a commercial oxygen scavenger, are described. The active ingredient in Ageless is finely divided iron, but the key to its use as a practical method of removing oxygen is the method of preparation, additives and packaging. Criteria for museum use are put forward and certain problems, such as heat generation and hydrogen evolution, are discussed. 相似文献
19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):25-37
AbstractMarble specimens were impregnated with epoxy resins by first soaking the specimens in a solvent and then treating them, in steps, with increasing concentrations of the resin in the resin-solvent mixture. This resulted in impregnation to several centimeters’ depth into the specimen. Both impregnated and non-impregnated specimens were subjected to 3000 ppm SO2 atmospheres in a dynamic system. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence studies to determine the deterioration quantitatively, revealed that transformation of the outer layer of non-impregnated marble into primarily calcium sulfite stopped after a maximum of 15 mole percent conversion under normal conditions of humidity. While certain impregnated marble specimens showed significant protection from SO2 attack, other impregnated specimens revealed more reactivity than the controls. A partial explanation of this has been obtained by scanning electron microscopy which showed that the resin films on the surface were perforated. Coatings of certain acrylics provided some additional protection to impregnated specimens. 相似文献
20.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(66):45-59
Summary Reference librarian roles are evolving in today's rapidly changing environment. Values that have shaped and guided our profession thus far are discussed, and the rigors of working at a general reference desk are portrayed. Information overload, the demands of the information age, general societal trends, and new technologies are credited with shaping service directions. Strategies for maintaining professional competence and currency are presented, and emerging roles are profiled. 相似文献