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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):85-94
Abstract

The role of colourmen’s canvas stamps in dating paintings is discussed. A series of 16 Winsor and Newton canvas stamps is illustrated in conjunction with a dating table, the resulting system being of practical use for dating paintings bearing Winsor and Newton canvas stamps.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT

There is limited literature on hospital archives projects. Hospitals understandably have a strong focus on patient care, but there is still a critical need to keep institutional archives. Among their many uses, institutional archives preserve corporate memory, provide evidence of interactions with community, and assist in contemporary decision making. This column describes a university-hospital partnership to undertake a one-year project to preserve, detail, and digitize ten boxes, or approximately 3.8 meters, of materials dating from 1980 to 2006. This project serves as a model for other hospital or health care facilities wanting to preserve and more actively engage with their archival collections.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

Drs Abhijit Banergee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for their remarkable series of large-scale field experiments to lessen global poverty. The main theoretical framework that they employed was the diffusion of innovations research and practice paradigm (DOI) which has had a long presence in communication research dating back to the 1940s. Here, we reviewed the Nobel laureates’ article, ‘Using gossips to spread information: Theory and evidence from two randomized controlled trials,’ that is illustrative of how economists applied the communication theory of diffusion of innovations to their projects of social change. The present article poses questions and makes recommendations for similar future projects from a communication perspective.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

In this paper, we address algorithmic imaginary, perception and tactics of Italian dating apps users. Little attention has hitherto been devoted to the ways in which the algorithms employed by mobile dating platforms (to rate users, to manage user visibility, to arrange results) might contrast, or enhance, people’s homophily. Our goal is to explore whether and how mobile dating algorithms modify the perception of what we define as “relational filter bubbles”; and whether, and how, users believe dating algorithms reshape (extend or limit) the heterogeneity of their intimate interactions. The paper builds on literature addressing online dating, the datafication of society, the rise of the so-called quantified self, and of the algorithmic culture. We organized 4 focus groups involving Italian dating apps users, who reported a variety of sexual orientations and of dating apps usage. Overall, while dating apps’ algorithms operate in an opaque way, participants developed an “algorithmic imaginary”. Moreover, they appreciate the role of mobile dating apps in reinforcing their relational homophily (their tendency to like people that are “similar” to them), whilst, at the same time, mainly using these apps for increasing the diversity of their intimate interactions in terms of extending their preexisting networks.  相似文献   

5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):204-215
Abstract

Three paintings from a group of thirty-two attributed to Jackson Pollock (1912–1956) were examined at the Harvard Art Museums. Paint samples were examined using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (LDI-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) and carbon-14 (C-14) dating. Carbon-14 dating detected no 'bomb' carbon from atmospheric atomic testing. All three paintings contained pigments and media available only after Pollock's death, including PR 254, PY151, and an emulsion copolymer of n-butyl methacrylate and iso-butyl methacrylate.  相似文献   

6.

Relational interdependence, relationship thinking, and relational communication are theorized to distinguish among the stages of dating relationships. This study analyzes their comparative ability to distinguish dating relationship stages and suggests some of their related‐ness. Results indicate that relational interdependence (indexed in the perception of relationship alternatives, satisfaction, investment, and commitment) distinguishes among each stage of the dating relationships. Relationship thinking (measured in positive affect thinking and partner thinking) and relational communication (measured in trust and composure) also distinguish among relational stages, but differences in relational interdependence appear to predate and predicate the positive development of relationship thinking and relational communication.  相似文献   

7.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):183-193
Abstract

A method for the detection of egg white in binding media by immunofluorescence was tested on laboratory samples. Although the fluorescence was weak, results were found to be reproducible. Tests were then carried out on a series of ancient paintings and polychromies dating from the twelfth century onwards. Some of these samples, including certain blues from Van Eyck's Mystic Lamb, gave a positive response for egg white.  相似文献   

8.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):56-66
Abstract

There is evidence in the literature that in India wood was used for making sculptures from very early times. Owing to the destructive climate, however, only wooden objects dating from the 7th century are available today, while polychromed wooden sculptures of the period before the 16th century are unobtainable. Sculptures were produced either by carving from one solid block or by building it up from small pieces. The main types of decorating were painting, inlay work or lac work. Painting was done sometimes without, but mostly with surface preparation. For this a thin layer of a ground was used. Sometimes a layer of cloth and then paper was used before applying the gesso. Pigments in common use were malachite, terre-verte, red ochre, red lead, lac dye, yellow ochre, chrome yellow, ultramarine, kaolin, and chalk. A gold effect was often produced by applying shellac varnish over shining silvery tin paint or foil. Lac work was produced by painting with lac solution or by turnery.  相似文献   

9.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):209-214
Abstract

Well-cleaned canvas fibres from two oil paintings have been dated by radiocarbon. Although the dates agree with the expected ages of the paintings to a first approximation, uncertainties in the date arise from ambiguities (or ‘wiggles’) in the calibration curve. Only by introducing additional information about the paintings into the calculations can more precise results be obtained. Two paintings have been dated in this way, using the radiocarbon dating technique in conjunction with dendrochronological and art historical information.  相似文献   

10.
CORRESPONDENCE     
none 《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):45-47
Abstract

The dendrochronological method for dating wood was specifically modified and applied for the first time to the age determination of oak panels of 17th-century paintings. It is now possible to give to the art historian an exact terminus post because of the determination of the time at which the tree was felled to be used in the manufacture of a panel. Results of extensive comparative studies and considerations of the method of manufacture of such panels often lead to an objective chronological determination of the period of creation of the painting. However, it is only possible to date a painting in this way; the authenticity of the artist cannot be established. Potential contradictions between the results of dendrochronological dating and style criticism must be resolved by the art historian.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

The increased popularity of dating apps such as Tinder coupled with the rise in interracial marriages form the foundation of this study which explores the role played by visual and cultural cues in people’s dating decisions. Using a within-group 2*3 experimental design (N = 331) among a convenience sample of adults in the Netherlands, this study provides insight into how the ethnicity associated with profile pictures and names impact the evaluation of a potential date on Tinder. Overall, respondents ranked Caucasian-looking Tinder users as more attractive and more likely to be their date of choice. Interestingly, this finding did not hold when narrowed down to respondents identifying as Western-European only: They did not prefer Caucasian-looking or sounding profiles. Perceived attractiveness was shown to partially mediate the choice of a Caucasian-looking profile, regardless of name.  相似文献   

12.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):35-38
  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Even though distance education has a long and diverse history, dating back to 1840, in the last ten-to-fifteen years it has been completely transformed by the emergence of Web-based technology. This technology has had an enormous impact on all aspects of distance education (or distance learning as it is increasingly called). In addition to palpable changes in the teaching and learning processes, library and other support services are also being challenged by change. This paper will provide a brief account and analysis of the impact of Web technology on distance education, as well as its impact on the role of library services for distance learners.  相似文献   

14.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):44-108
Abstract

Thomas Bardwell (1704–67), an English portrait painter, wrote a technical treatise entitled The Practice of Painting and Perspective Made Easy which was published in 1756. The section on painting deals exclusively with the oil technique and may be considered one of the most original productions of its kind written in England. A total of 153 paint samples were taken from 15 of Bardwell’s paintings dating between 1740 and 1766, the better part of his active career. Through cross-sections, and likewise numerous analyses, made from these paint samples it was possible to reconstruct Bardwell’s actual practice. This in turn could be compared with the suggested technique as explained in his book. Bardwell’s actual practice follows his written advice rather closely; however, in general it was discovered to be less complicated.  相似文献   

15.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):122-126
Abstract

Three Hispano-Moresque woven textiles dating from the first half of the twelfth century were restored for an exhibition. The first two are from the reliquary of St Librada in Sigüenza cathedral and the third is from the tomb of St Bernard Calvó in Vich. The first piece depicts addorsed griffins, the second, eagles with extended wings and the third, facing sphinxes. Contained within circles, they belong to a class of textile known in mediaeval documents as pallia-rotata. The spaces between the circles are decorated with typically Islamic designs, and with representations of plants and animals. A similar material was used for all three pieces: silk for both warp and weft, with gold thread for certain decorative motifs. All three textiles were found in a fragmentary condition; they had been glued and sewn onto thin card. The fibres were in a fairly weak state and had lost much oftheir flexibility and resistance. Apart from the work of restoration, the dyestuffs and the metal thread were analyzed and the decorative motifs were reconstructed using scale drawings.  相似文献   

16.
SUMMARY

In Florida, direct democracy at the state level consists entirely of the initiative method of amending the State constitution. This constitutional provision was partly a response to the State's history of obstacles to affording equitable legislative representation to all its citizens, a struggle with roots dating back to the Reconstruction era. The State constitution, governing statutes and regulations, and the Division of Elections Web site serve as the primary sources of information and guidance for those interested in the process of amending the State constitution by citizen-sponsored initiative.  相似文献   

17.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):76-91
Abstract

The study focuses on the range of pigments and media that the Italian artist Lucio Fontana (1899–1968) employed for selected works dating between 1949 and 1968. Samples were taken from ten groups of works, all on canvas support, as well as from painting equipment that survived in the artist's former two studios. Techniques of analysis used were pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for media identification, and laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Raman microspectroscopy for pigment identification. Fontana's reputation as a daring and experimental artist, best known for his group of slashed paintings called tagli, is seen to correspond with certain unusual material choices he made. The study also points to several links that exist between seemingly unrelated cycles. These links are, among others, based on experiences with in part novel media such as oil, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, acrylic–vinyl, and mixtures of them. With regard to pigments, the selection of samples showed that they were mostly of a synthetic organic nature.  相似文献   

18.
Objective:There are no existing validated search filters for the group of 37 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study describes how information specialists from the United Kingdom''s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) developed and evaluated novel OECD countries’ geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) to improve literature search effectiveness for evidence about OECD countries.Methods:We created the draft filters using an alternative approach to standard filter construction. They are composed entirely of geographic subject headings and are designed to retain OECD country evidence by excluding non-OECD country evidence using the NOT Boolean operator. To evaluate the draft filters’ effectiveness, we used MEDLINE and Embase literature searches for three NICE guidelines that retrieved >5,000 search results. A 10% sample of the excluded references was screened to check that OECD country evidence was not inadvertently excluded.Results:The draft MEDLINE filter reduced results for each NICE guideline by 9.5% to 12.9%. In Embase, search results were reduced by 10.7% to 14%. Of the sample references, 7 of 910 (0.8%) were excluded inadvertently. These references were from a guideline about looked-after minors that concerns both OECD and non-OECD countries.Conclusion:The draft filters look promising—they reduced search result volumes while retaining most OECD country evidence from MEDLINE and Embase. However, we advise caution when using them in topics about both non-OECD and OECD countries. We have created final versions of the search filters and will validate them in a future study.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The goal of this research is to propose a new method of characterizing rammed-earth walls. Based on their historic building materials properties, five broad test groups were established for the characterization: chemical and mineralogical composition, physical properties, mechanical properties, particle size distribution, and dating. These determinations can, in turn, be grouped into two different types: instrumental techniques such as XRF, XRD, and SEM-EDX, as well as adaptations of standard methods (mainly UNE-EN standards) for application to these materials. As case studies where the proposed method is applied, we present our research on the rammed-earth walls in the ramparts of Seville and Malaga (Spain), clearly showing the method’s capacity for comparing and differentiating different rammed-earth walls.  相似文献   

20.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):118-122
Abstract

This paper deals with the materials used in conservation treatments in the first half of the twentieth century for the preservation and consolidation of wooden art objects from the Saxony region in Germany. The use of such materials must be seen as early attempts to find a conservation treatment for wood. The documentation of conservation treatments provides a reference to the application of oils and oil–resin mixtures. The results from the chemical analysis of samples of historic preservatives from the beginning to the middle of the twentieth century (so-called 'Puckelin') carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirm the use of tung oil as a drying oil, whereas the use of linseed oil cannot be excluded. Colophony and, probably, amber varnish were used as resinous constituents. There are indications that a conservation material dating from the second half of the twentieth century most likely contained rapeseed oil.  相似文献   

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