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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):216-230
AbstractThe surfaces of acrylic emulsion (dispersion) paint films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), with supporting chemical information provided via infrared spectroscopy. The morphological and chemical features of the surfaces of a series of recently cast reference paint films were explored, including characterization of changes induced by exposure to water and mineral spirits. A portable in situ AFM system was also used to document the surfaces of acrylic emulsion paintings in Tate's collection. The complete and partial removal of migrated surfactant was successfully imaged alongside features arising from mechanical action. Differences in paint surfaces and migrated surfactant layers were observed in relation to pigment type, paint brand and exposure to accelerated ageing, in addition to applied wet surface cleaning treatments. The findings contribute to further understanding of the subtle changes occurring at acrylic emulsion paint film surfaces and are relevant to current debates on the removal/disturbance of original surface surfactant from these films through conservation treatment. 相似文献
2.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):33-54
AbstractThe final report on the Canadian Conservation Institute's poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesive research is given after 25–27 years of dark aging and 12–15 years of light aging. A total of 27 poly(vinyl acetate) and 25 acrylic adhesives were tested for pH, volatile emissions (mostly acetic acid), flexibility, strength, and yellowing after aging. In 1996, the work was first published after three to five years of aging data had accumulated. Measurements for pH, yellowing, strength, and flexibility were recently repeated again and these results are reported here. These new data points are reported to provide insight into the effect of these longer aging periods on the products included in the study. As well, the most stable (according to set criteria) poly(vinyl acetate) and acrylic adhesives tested are revealed, which, except for a few products, do not differ greatly from those reported in 1996. 相似文献
3.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):257-266
AbstractA study of the accelerated light fading behavior of face-mounted color photographic materials has shown that alterations on the surface of the materials influence their fading characteristics. With the help of spectral density measurements it became apparent that the application of materials such as silicone rubber, adhesive film and acrylic sheeting, but also laminating films, onto the surface of the prints accelerated the degradation of the colorants, especially the yellow dye, in chromogenic materials. In the case of silver dye bleach materials, however, the opposite effect was observed. The influence of the material combination on the stability of face mounted color photographic prints was demonstrated to vary considerably. In order to better assess the inherent damage potential of the materials themselves, these were examined by means of instrumental analysis and measurements of pollutant gasses. Besides off-gassing compounds such as acetic acid and changes in pH caused by aging of the adhesive, face-mounting with a rigid plastic sheet (acrylic glazing) also affected the respective fading behavior of the various materials that were tested. 相似文献
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《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):133-137
AbstractThe condition before treatment and the subsequent consolidation of the wooden parts of an eighteenth century English fire engine are described. Experiments on a range of possible consolidants are outlined, and the application of polyvinyl butyral (Butvar B90, Monsanto) by both brushing and vacuum methods is presented. A closing discussion examines the relationship of the experimental findings to the practical application, the need for consolidation, and the final results of the treatment. 相似文献
6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):225-241
AbstractThis paper describes the application of pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (PyGCMS) to the characterization of an extensive range of synthetic paint types. Household and industrial paints, both of which have been formulated with polymers such as alkyd, polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and nitrocellulose, are included in this study, in addition to the acrylic solution and acrylic emulsion paints that were made specifically for the artists' market. The pyrograms obtained by PyGCMS were characteristic to each paint type and their principal diagnostic features are discussed. Apart from using the mass spectra produced by electron impact (EI) to confirm the identity of every peak, two additional analytical features of the mass spectrometer were shown to be particularly useful in this study. Chemical ionization (CI) was used to assist with the identification of unknown peaks through molecular weight determination. Selected ion current (SIC) monitoring, where the mass spectrometer only scans for specific masses, was successfully used for the detection of peaks of low intensity or those hidden by a more abundant material with a similar retention time. 相似文献
7.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):228-238
AbstractA procedure for collection of decay rate data from stone samples exposed in actual environmental conditions is described. This provides precise weekly decay rate data. Data were collected for 16 consecutive months for 200-year-old weathered and freshly quarried Portland stone. Problems with the use of an acrylic sheet as a control were encountered and overcome. It is suggested that glass is a better control surface. Decay rates of new and old stone differed, with new stone typically being 60–70mg/m2/day. Close agreement was found between new stone replicates. Rates for old stones were much more variable and ranged from 90–270mg/m2/day. Differences were also found in the relative contributions of solution and particulate loss to total loss between the two stones. 相似文献
8.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):133-142
AbstractThis study considers the impregnation of wood by two acrylic monomers, methylmethacrylate and butylmethacrylate, and examines their subsequent polymerization in wood samples initiated chemically and by gammaradiation. The results of the polymerization were assessed on the basis of the resultant polymer content of the wood, and it was found that polymerization initiated by gammaradiation was more effective. The influence of the consolidation by monomer polymerization upon the properties of the wood (hygroscopicity, water absorption, swelling andcompression strength alorig the fibres) was found to depend on the polymer content of the wood, on the polymercomposition and on the type and structure of the wood. Copolymerization of methylmethacrylate and butylmethacrylate has no benefit on the properties of the wood. 相似文献
9.
Somayeh Soleymani Jeffrey Aalders Michelle E. Gahan Tracy Ireland Dennis McNevin 《文物保护研究》2017,62(2):104-113
Despite substantial literature on the dyeing of textiles, there is a lack of research about colouring Japanese mending papers (tissue papers) used for paper conservation purposes. This study investigates the fungal bioreceptivity of Japanese tissue papers after they have been treated with various dyes and pigments. A variety of toning materials including plant dyes, watercolours, acrylic paints, inks, pastels, gouaches, and colour pencils are commonly used by conservators for paper toning purposes. In this study, two Japanese tissue papers (Yukyu-shi and Sekishu Mare) were treated with selected plant dyes, watercolours, and acrylic paints and then inoculated with fungal species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the DNA from Aspergillus niger and Penicillium rubrum as a proxy for fungal species abundance before and after inoculation and artificial moist heat ageing. qPCR primers which were universal for fungi amplified DNA from papers inoculated with A. niger and P. rubrum and these species were found to grow less on treated Sekishu Mare and Yukyu-shi papers compared with untreated papers. Sekishu Mare papers treated with artists' acrylic paints were found to be more resistant to fungal growth than similarly treated Yukyu-shi papers. This study suggests that for the best long-term preservation outcomes for paper materials in archives, libraries, galleries, and museums, acrylic paints generally perform better in conservation terms than most plant dyes and watercolours, although most colourants displayed some bioinhibition. 相似文献
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《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):76-91
AbstractThe study focuses on the range of pigments and media that the Italian artist Lucio Fontana (1899–1968) employed for selected works dating between 1949 and 1968. Samples were taken from ten groups of works, all on canvas support, as well as from painting equipment that survived in the artist's former two studios. Techniques of analysis used were pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for media identification, and laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Raman microspectroscopy for pigment identification. Fontana's reputation as a daring and experimental artist, best known for his group of slashed paintings called tagli, is seen to correspond with certain unusual material choices he made. The study also points to several links that exist between seemingly unrelated cycles. These links are, among others, based on experiences with in part novel media such as oil, alkyd, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic, acrylic–vinyl, and mixtures of them. With regard to pigments, the selection of samples showed that they were mostly of a synthetic organic nature. 相似文献
12.
A new coating system for archeological bronze protection that consists of a primer coating and a top coating was prepared in this study. The primer coating was prepared by mixing water-based acrylic emulsion with 1,2,3-benzotriazole, and the ultraviolet (UV) light-resistant top coating was prepared by mixing water-based acrylic emulsion with nano-sized TiO2 and SiO2 particles. UV light resistance and visible light transmission, contact angle, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the new coating system were investigated and the results showed that UV resistance, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, glossiness, and corrosion resistance all were improved. Application of the new system on real archaeological bronzes showed that the coating film was colorless, odorless, transparent, soft low-lustre, removable, and the original appearance of the archaeological bronze was well maintained. 相似文献
13.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):50-57
AbstractThe conservation of roofing and cladding materials has both environmental and cultural heritage bearing. Our research aimed at comparing the performances of some polymeric products used for the protection of a typical Italian sandstone, the ‘Agro d'Ardesia’, used mostly as cladding, paving, roofing, and building material. These products belong to three different classes: polysiloxanes, acrylics, and fluoropolymers. In addition, an acrylic–silicone mixture was chosen for testing. After the application onto the Agro sandstone by capillary absorption, both efficacy and durability were assessed. Particularly, two types of weathering tests were performed to check the stability over time of the protective products: the exposure to ultraviolet radiation in a climatic chamber and the ageing by exposure to acid rain, expressly designed to represent realistically natural and anthropogenic changes. Detailed information on treatment performances was obtained. The polysiloxane was shown to be the most effective protective material for the Agro sandstone. 相似文献
14.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):95-97
AbstractAcrylic polymer dispersions, regularly used as artists' media or varnishes, were monitored for the development of yellow discoloration under natural aging conditions for a period of two years. Films of a number of water-based acrylic artists' media were kept under visible light of either moderate (150 lux) or low (50 lux) intensity (cycled on 10 hours per day) and were compared to films kept in dark storage, which have been observed to yellow. Results after two years show that exposure to visible light at 150 lux effectively prevented film discoloration in a number of products, and seemed at least to slow the rate of yellowing in others. Exposure to low-intensity (50 lux) lighting was found to be less effective in preventing this yellowing. 相似文献
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《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):158-160
AbstractConservation and technical issues pertaining to the investigation of six mediaeval Spanish ceramic lustre fragments are reported. Assessment of methods and materials to replicate the lustre glazes indicates that the spray application of nacreous (pearlescent) pigments in combination with conventional inorganic pigments and transparent colorants in an acrylic lacquer gives good results. The salient optical features oflustre glazes and nacreous pigments are discussed. Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with electron diffraction studies are employed to characterize the glaze and ceramic body composition of the fragments. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that a uniform dispersion of copper crystallites, c. 2-4nm in diameter, is responsible for the lustre effect in one sherd. 相似文献
16.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):139-149
AbstractThe study of the structure and materials of ancient works of art has been much intensified with the development and use of improved analytical techniques. It was considered desirable to apply an X-ray fluorescence technique which could scan polished cross-sections of paint materials embedded in plastic. Layer thicknesses of 20–50 μ were successfully surveyed with an X-ray macroprobe attached to a fine-focus vacuum X-ray spectrograph. Elements above atomic number 16 in areas of 50 μ diameter were successfully detected and precisely located in the cross-section. The method has been applied particularly to the study of the technique of Rembrandt and Lievens paintings. 相似文献
17.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):114-117
AbstractProblems were encountered when preparing objects from the Pacific islands for exhibition. These specimens were of wood with shell inlay. Cleaning with non-ionic detergent and distilled water had no effect on the dull shell surface; solvents were little better;finally, glass fibre brushes were tried with very good results. Precautions should be taken when using glass fibre brushes; these include the wearing of protective gloves, dust masks, and the provision of a vacuum cleaner to remove fragments of broken glass fibre and dust from the shell surface. 相似文献
18.
Andrew Sinclair Jeanne Basinger Alison Reid John C. Stubbs Constance D. Markley Marc Lenzini 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(4):78-80
Andrew Sinclair, John Ford (New York: The Dial Press, 1979 – $11.95) Jeanne Basinger, Anthony Mann (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1979 – $10.95) Richard Leiterman by Alison Reid (120 pages, $5.50 in paper) Federico Fellini: A Guide to References and Resources by John C. Stubbs with Constance D. Markley and Marc Lenzini (246 pages, $30.00) Richard Lester: A Guide to References and Resources by Diane Rosenfeldt (152 pages, $15.00) Ernest Lubitsch: A Guide to References and Resources by Robert Carringer and Barry Sabath (262 pages, $20.00) Sidney Lumet: A Guide to References and Resources by Stephen E. Bowles (151 pages, $15.50) Ken Russell: A Guide to References and Resources by Diane Rosenfeldt (140 pages, $14.00) John Schlesinger: A Guide to References and Resources by Nancy J. Brooker (130 pages, $14.00) Frederick Wiseman: A Guide to References and Resources by Liz Ellsworth (212 pages, $ 24.95) 相似文献
19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):212-221
AbstractWood, particularly in the presence of excessive moisture, deteriorates due to action of biological agents and sunlight. Decay manifests itself not only in impairment of physical strength but also in discoloration. Protection of the paint during consolidation by impregnation and polymerization, albeit difficult, is possible. Details of a home-built 23 cm-diameter and 48 cm-long chamber for vacuum impregnation are given. The permeating methylmethacrylate monomer solution used with good results contained bis-4-t-butylcyclohexyl peroxidicarbonate as catalyst, and pyridine as activator in addition to methylmethacrylate polymer, which reduced the rate of heat generation by the reaction. Polymerization induced by gamma irradiation also yielded satisfactory results. Case histories of three artifacts are described. 相似文献
20.
Armand Mattelart Alfred McCoy Alfredo Roces Felix Librero Rosalinda Pineda-Ofreneo Clodualdo del Mundo Jr. 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(1-2):19-21
COMMUNICATING IN POPULAR NICARAGUA edited by Armand Mattelart (International General, PO Box 350, New York 10013—$ 8.95, paper) PHILIPPINE CARTOONS: POLITICAL CARICATURE OF THE AMERICAN ERA, 1900–1941 by Alfred McCoy and Alfredo Roces (Quezon City: Vera-Reyes, 1985, 370 pp.) A HISTORY OF THE KOMIKS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND OTHER COUNTRIES (Quezon City: Islas Filipinas Publishing Co., 1985, 305 pp) RURAL EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING: A PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE by Felix Librero (Laguna: University of Philippines—Los Banos, 1985 155 pp.) THE MANIPULATED PRESS: A HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM SINCE 1945 by Rosalinda Pineda-Ofreneo (Manila: Cacho Hermanos, 1984, 256 pp.) PHILIPPINE MASS MEDIA: A BOOK OF READINGS edited by Clodualdo del Mundo, Jr. (Manila: Communication Foundation of the Philippines, 1986, 280 pp.) THE PHILIPPINE PRESS: UNDER SIEGE by the National Press Club (Manila, Press Club, 1984, 1985, two vols) MANUAL ON MEDIA EDUCATION by Vicente S. Froilan (Manila: Communication Foundation for Asia, 1985, 88 pp.) MEDIA AND THE CHINESE PUBLIC: A SURVEY OF THE BEIJING MEDIA AUDIENCE, special issue of Chinese Sociology and Anthropology (Spring-Summer 1986, 200 pp.) VIDEO PIRACY AND THE LAW by B.V. Gopal (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1986, 160 pp.) ASIAN PR by Vincent Lowe (Singapore: Times Books International, 1986, 208 pp.) PUBLIC RELATIONS: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE (Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Public Relations Malaysia, 1986, 260 pp) SELLING DREAMS: HOW ADVERTISING MISLEADS US by the Consumers' Association of Penang (Pengan, CAP, 1986, 149 pp.) ABUSE OF WOMEN IN THE MEDIA by the Consumer's Association of Penang (Penang: CAP, 1982, 85 pp) 相似文献