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1.
Soil test crop response （STCR） correlation studies were carried out in Vindhyan alluvial plain during 2001 to 2004 taking IR-36 as test crop to quantify rice production in the context of the variability of soil properties and use of balanced fertilizers based on targeted yield concept. The soils were developed on gently sloping alluvial plain with different physiographic settings and notable variation in drainage condition. Soil properties show moderate variation in texture （loamy to clay）, organic carbon content （4.4 to 9.8 g/kg）, cation exchange capacity （10,2 to 22.4 cmol （p＋）/kg） and pH （5.3 to 6,4）, Soil fertility status for N is low to medium （224 to 348 kg/ha）, P is medium to high （87 to 320 kg/ha） and K ranges from medium to high （158 to 678 kg/ha）. Database regarding nutrient requirement in kg/t of grain produce （NR）, the percent contribution from the soil available nutrients [CS （%）] and the percent contribution from the applied fertilizer nutrients [CF （%）] were computed for calibrating and fbrmulating fertilizer recommendations. Validity of the yield target for 7 and 8 t/ha was tested in farmers＇ fields and yields targets varied at less than 10%. The percent achievement of targets aimed at different level was more than 90%, indicating soil test based fertilizer recommendation approach was economically viable within the agro-ecological zone with relatively uniform cropping practices and socio-economic conditions.  相似文献   

2.
Potential growth of two widely-grown hybrid rice varieties in the Jinhua district of Zhejiang Province, Shanyou63 for mid-rice and Xieyou46 for late rice, was simulated using a crop growth model of WOFOST. Parameters of the rice growth in WOFOST were calibrated through field experiments from 1999 to 2002 in Jinhua. The potential yield simulated with WOFOST was about 12 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 10 t/ha for Xieyou46, which are in good agreement with the highest recorded yield obtained in this area. Under farmers practice, current yield is about 7.5 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 6.5 t/ha for Xieyou46. There is a gap between the actual rice yield and the potential yield for these two hybrid rice varieties grown in this area. The attainable target yields were set to 70% to 75% of their potential yields for the two varieties. A recently developed software ＂Nutrient Decision Support System （NuDSS）＂ for irrigated rice was used to optimize nutrient management for these two rice varieties. According to NuDSS, the optimal fertilizer N requirement for the target yields was about 150 kg/ha for Shanyou63 and about 120 kg/ha for Xieyou46, which were only about 70% of the fertilizer N application under current farmers＇ practice. Comparing with farmers＇ practice, there is great potential to increase actual rice yields and to reduce fertilizer N use rates by improving rice crop management practice in Jinhua.  相似文献   

3.
Effect of land use on microbial biomass-C, -N and -P in red soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
INTRODUCTIONTheimportanceofmicroorganismstosoilfer tilityandsoilqualityhasbeencommonlyaccept ed (Smithetal.,1 990 ;Brookes,1 995;Da lal,1 998;Wicketal.,1 998) .Soilmicrobialbiomassasanimportantmicrobialpropertyhasbeenextensivelystudiedsinceitisthelivingco…  相似文献   

4.
Fertilization increases paddy soil organic carbon density   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Field experiments provide an opportunity to study the effects of fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. We sampled soils from a long-term (25 years) paddy experiment in subtropical China. The experiment included eight treatments: (1) check, (2) PK, (3) NP, (4) NK, (5) NPK, (6) 7F:3M (N, P, K inorganic fertilizers+30% organic N), (7) 5F:5M (N, P, K inorganic fertilizers+50% organic N), (8) 3F:7M (N, P, K inorganic fertilizers+70% organic N). Fertilization increased SOC content in the plow layers compared to the non-fertilized check treatment. The SOC density in the top 100 cm of soil ranged from 73.12 to 91.36 Mg/ha. The SOC densities of all fertilizer treatments were greater than that of the check. Those treatments that combined inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments had greater SOC densities than those receiving only inorganic fertilizers. The SOC density was closely correlated to the sum of the soil carbon converted from organic amendments and rice residues. Carbon sequestration in paddy soils could be achieved by balanced and combined fertilization. Fertilization combining both inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments is an effective sustainable practice to sequestrate SOC.  相似文献   

5.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｓｏｕｔｈｅａｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａｂｅｌｏｎｇｓｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｂｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｚｏｎｅｗｉｔｈｗａｒｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ｍｅａｎｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ 1 5-1 8℃ )ａｎｄａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｒａｉｎｆａｌｌ (ａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａ ｔｉｏｎ 1 1 0 0 -1 90 0ｍｍ) .Ｏｆｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｆ1 .62ｍｉｌ ｌｉｏｎｈａｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｅｄｌａｎｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ,1 .2 7ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｈａａｒｅｒ…  相似文献   

6.

Background

Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity.

Methods

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on seed yield, plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency for early ripening rapeseed (Xiangzayou 1613) in the red-yellow soil of southern China during 2011–2013. It was grown using a soluble fertilizer (SF) and the same amounts of CRF, such as SF1/CRF1 (3750 kg/hm2), SF2/CRF2 (3000 kg/hm2), SF3/CRF3 (2250 kg/hm2), SF4/CRF4 (1500 kg/hm2), SF5/CRF5 (750 kg/hm2), and also using no fertilizer (CK).

Results

CRF gave higher seed yields than SF in both seasons by 14.51%. CRF4 and SF3 in each group achieved maximum seed yield (2066.97 and 1844.50 kg/hm2, respectively), followed by CRF3 (1929.97 kg/hm2) and SF4 (1839.40 kg/hm2). There were no significant differences in seed yield among CK, SF1, and CRF1 (P>0.05). CRF4 had the highest profit (7126.4 CNY/hm2) and showed an increase of 12.37% in seed yield, and it decreased by 11.01% in unit fertilizer rate compared with SF4. The branch number, pod number, and dry matter weight compared with SF increased significantly under the fertilization of CRF (P<0.05). The pod number per plant was the major contributor to seed yield. On the other hand, the N, P, and K uptakes increased at first and then decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate at maturity, and the N, P, and K usage efficiency decreased with increasing the fertilizer rate. The N, P, and K uptakes and usage efficiencies of the CRF were significantly higher than those of SF (P<0.05). The N accumulation and N usage efficiency of CRF increased by an average of 13.66% and 9.74 percentage points, respectively, compared to SF. In conclusion, CRF significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed with using total N as the base fertilizer, by providing sufficient N in the later growth stages, and last by reducing the residual N in the soil and increasing the N accumulation and N usage efficiency.
  相似文献   

7.
A new site-specific nutrient management approach was developed to break the apparent attainable yield barrier of 6 t·ha−1 in the double rice cropping system of Zhejiang. On-farm experiments involving 21 rice-growing farmer families and NPK long-term experiments commenced in 1997 in the central part of Zhejiang Province to assess the status of soil fertility and productivity under intensive rice-rice cropping. A new site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach has been developed for this studied area. Field-specific fertilizer recommendations are calculated considering indigenous nutrient supply, reasonable grain yield targets and corresponding nutrient demand, nutrient balance and nutrient use efficiency, as well as socio-economic factors. The agronomic performance of SSNM was tested against the farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP) in four 1998–1999 cropping seasons. Across seasons and years, SSNM consistently increased plant nutrient uptake, grain yield and profit by about 10%–15% compared to the FFP. Yield levels of 7.5 t·ha−1 or more seem achievable and sustainable through introduction of SSNM and improved extension services in Zhejiang Province. Project supported by the International Fertilizer Industry Association(IFA), the Potash and Phosphate Institute, Canada (PPIC), and International Potash Institute(IPI).  相似文献   

8.
The main objective of this work was to compare the applicability of the single leaf (the uppermost leaf L1 and the third uppermost leaf L3) modified simple ratio (mSR705 index) and the leaf positional difference in the vegetation index between L1 and L3 (mSR705L1-mSR705L3) in detecting nitrogen (N)-overfertilized rice plants. A field experiment consisting of three rice genotypes and five N fertilization levels (0, 75, 180, 285, and 390 kg N/ha) was conducted at Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China in 2008. The hyperspectral reflectance (350–2500 nm) and the chlorophyll concentration (ChlC) of L1 and L3 were measured at different stages. The mSR705L1 and mSR705L3 indices appeared not to be highly sensitive to the N rates, especially when the N rate was high (above 180 kg N/ha). The mean mSR705L1-mSR705L3 across the genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) or considerably from 180 to 285 kg N/ha treatment and from 285 to 390 kg N/ha treatment at all the stages. Also, use of the difference (mSR705L1-mSR705L3) greatly reduced the influence of the stages and genotypes in assessing the N status with reflectance data. The results of this study show that the N-overfertilized rice plants can be effectively detected with the leaf positional difference in the mSR705 index.  相似文献   

9.
研究硫酸锌在不同土壤类型、施锌量、稻作类型和施用方式下的施用效果。结果表明,施用硫酸锌可提高水稻抗逆性,增产效果明显,施用硫酸锌产量平均为460.96kg/666.7m2,比对照增产35.23kg,增加8.28%,纯增收37.46元。不同土壤类型增产效果不同;水稻硫酸锌最佳经济施用量为1.1kg/666.7m2;稻作类型以早稻优于单季稻,单季稻优于双季稻;施用方式以基肥优于追肥。  相似文献   

10.
辉县市玉米“3414”肥料效应研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据玉米氮、磷、钾＂3414＂回归设计田间试验测得的数据,分别建立以玉米产量为目标函数的NPK、NP、NK、PK、N、P、K 3类7种肥力效应模型,求出每种肥效模型的高产最优施肥量,在此基础上,进一步对各种施肥模型提供的施肥量及产量期望的经济效益分析,决选出辉县市玉米生产的推荐施肥量为：施纯N 252.54 kg/hm2、P2O5 184.25 kg/hm2、K2O 150.63 kg/hm2,产量期望10 437.64 kg/hm2,产投比6.32.  相似文献   

11.
为给冬小麦高产提供合理施用磷肥的科学依据,采用田间试验法,以容城轻壤质潮土为研究对象,对农田土壤速效磷的养分状况及冬小麦田间试验进行分析,探讨了土壤的供肥能力。结果表明,容城土壤含磷水平较高,高、中水平占60%之多,但差异性较大,冬小麦土壤磷素贡献率高、中、低产田分别达到82.37%9、0.36%和84.82%,土壤的供磷能力分别为67.646、3.75和57.11kg/hm2,推算出了高、中、低产田冬小麦经济最佳施肥量分别为1191、11和109kg/hm2。  相似文献   

12.
Eleven red soils varying in land use and fertility status were used to examine the effect of land use on microbial biomass-C,-N and-P. Microbial biomass-C in the red soils ranged from about 68 mg C/kg to 225 mg C/kg, which is generally lower than that reported from other types of soil, probably because of low organic matter and high acidity in the red soils. Land use had considerable effects on the amounts of soilC mic. TheC mic was the lowest in eroded fallow land, followed by woodland, tea garden, citrus grove and fallow grassland, and the highest in vegetable and paddy fields. There was significant correlation betweenC mic and organic matter content, suggesting that the influence of land use onC mic is mainly related to the input and accumulation of organic matter. Microbial biomass-N in the soils ranged from 12.1 Nmg/kg to 31.7 Nmg/kg and was also affected by land use. The change ofN mic with land use was similar to that ofC mic. The microbial C/N ratio ranged from 5.2 to 9.9 and averaged 7.6. TheN mic was significantly correlated with soil total N and available N. Microbial biomass-P in the soils ranged from 4.5 mg P/kg to 52.3 mg P/kg. The microbial C/P ratio was in the range of 4–23. TheP mic was relatively less affected by land use due to differences in fertilization practices for various land use systems. Project (No. 40025104) supported by National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China  相似文献   

13.
Experiments were carried out with citrus （Citrus reticulate） and tea （Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.） to study the effects of compound fertilizers on their yields and quality. In the citrus experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P K and Mg contents in soil but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N contents in soil and N, P and K contents in leaves. In the tea experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil and N, P, K and Mg contents in leaves but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N in soil compared with the urea treatment. Application of compound fertilizers could improve the quality of citrus and tea, increase their yields and enhance their economical profits significantly. Compared with the control, application of compound fertilizers increased citrus yields by 6.31, 12.94 and 17.69 t/ha, and those of tea by 0.51,0.86 and 1.30 t/ha, respectively. Correspondingly, profits were increased by 21.4% to 61.1% for citrus and by 10.0% to 15.7% for tea. Optimal rates of compound fertilizers were recommended for both crops.  相似文献   

14.
在黄红壤、黄褐土和砂姜黑土上,进行不同水平钾肥盆钵土培试验,结果表明,在正常的施肥水平,施用钾肥均能促进小麦幼苗干物重的增加,施钾过量则会造成干物重下降,施钾水平与小麦全株干物重呈二次曲线相关,在三种土壤上,相关系数分别为0.8335,0.8960,0.9913,当施钾水平为0.1gK_2O/kg土时,黄红壤和砂姜黑土上生长的小麦植株干物重达最大值,分别为0.267和0.240克/株,施钾为0.2gK_2O/kg土时,黄褐土上的小麦干物重达最大值,为0.264克/株,在正常的施肥水平,施用钾肥有利于植株中N、P、K、Mn的积累,对Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mo的吸收则有抑制作用。  相似文献   

15.
试验结果表明：在皖东烟区,在速效钾含量高的土壤上,烤烟施钾量以施３２４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２Ｋ２ＳＯ４为好;在速效钾含量低的土壤上,烤烟施钾量以施４６３．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２Ｋ２ＳＯ４为好。施钾方法以钾和氮磷混合施至土壤１５ｃｍ深为好。  相似文献   

16.
已持续26年的湖南祁阳红壤站长期肥料试验分三个处理:NH4C1 KCl KH2PO4;尿素 KCl 过磷酸钙;(NH4)2SO4 K2SO4 过磷酸钙.其土壤、水稻植株样品被用来研究长期施用含硫化肥对水稻土酸化、SO42--S在土壤中累积、土壤-水稻系统微量元素含量和水稻产量的影响.结果表明:大量(667 kg S hm-2yr-1)施用含硫化肥15年后已导致水稻土表层土壤pH明显下降.不施硫处理SO42--S逐年下降,而施硫处理SO42--S有明显累积.施用含硫化肥24年后(1998),土壤有效Cu、B、Mn及全Ca含量有增加趋势,全Fe有减少趋势,对有效Mo、Zn及总Mg似乎没有影响.长期施用含硫化肥已显著减少水稻(特别是晚稻)吸收Fe、Mo、B、Mg、Cl,并导致水稻(特别是晚稻)产量显著下降.可见,长期施用含硫化肥可能影响水稻土性质进而影响水稻生长.  相似文献   

17.
采用肥料效应模型试验方案,在熟红黄泥土上进行春玉米N、P、K肥效试验,结果表明,不同的N、P、K施肥比例和用量对春玉米产量有直接影响,其中氮肥施用量影响最大,3种元素的影响大小依次为:N>K>P。  相似文献   

18.
在总施氮(尿素)量600 kg/hm2条件下,研究了氮肥运筹方式对抛栽杂交水稻穗部性状、抗倒性能及产量的影响。结果表明:在氮肥总量相同的情况下,减少基肥、增加分蘖肥用量能增加有效穗数;减少基、蘖肥增加孕穗肥用量使穗长、一次分枝数、二次分枝及穗粒数增加,但抗倒性能下降;减少基、蘖肥增加粒肥往往会导致减产。各处理中,以基肥:分蘖肥:孕穗肥:粒肥为3:2:1:0的处理产量最高,达到11526kg/hm2,较对照增产20.43%,达极显著水平。因此,抛栽杂交水稻氮肥施用基肥:分蘖肥:孕穗肥:粒肥以3:2:1:0为宜。  相似文献   

19.
生态肥与化肥配施对小麦生长发育及产量的效应研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用生态肥与等量氮、P2O5和K2O不同比例配施与传统施肥方式比较,研究其对小麦生长发育及产量的效应.结果表明:不同肥料结构和用量对拔节后的群体影响显著.处理基部1~3节节间长增加,其增加幅度从28.6%依次降低到7.4%.不同生育期主要器官干物质积累量明显增加.其功能叶面积变化与生育期、茎蘖位和叶位有关.功能叶面积孕穗期比灌浆期高60.2%;主茎比蘖一高14%,比蘖二高72.7%;不同叶位叶面积大小均表现倒二叶>倒三叶>旗叶.处理平均比CK增产4.7%.在所有处理中,以9 kg/hm2生态肥与纯氮、P2O5和K2O各60.75 kg/hm2的养分结构效果最好,比CK增产5.8%.  相似文献   

20.
In recent years, excessive use of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizers has resulted in the accumulation of excess ammonium (NH 4 + ) in many agricultural soils. Though rice is known as an NH 4 + -tolerant species and can directly absorb soil intact amino acids, we still know considerably less about the role of high exogenous NH 4 + content on rice uptake of soil amino acids. This experiment examined the effects of the exogenous NH 4 + concentration on rice uptake of soil adsorbed glycine in two different soils under sterile culture. Our data showed that the sorption capacity of glycine was closely related to soils;’ physical and chemical properties, such as organic matter and cation exchange capacity. Rice biomass was significantly inhibited by the exogenous NH 4 + content at different glycine adsorption concentrations. A three-way analysis of variance demonstrated that rice glycine uptake and glycine nutritional contribution were not related to its sorption capacity, but significantly related to its glycine:NH 4 + concentration ratio. After 21-d sterile cultivation, the rice uptake of adsorbed glycine accounted for 8.8%;–22.6% of rice total N uptake, which indicates that soil adsorbed amino acids theoretically can serve as an important N source for plant growth in spite of a high NH 4 + application rate. However, further studies are needed to investigate the extent to which this bioavailability is realized in the field using the 13C, 15N double labeling technology.  相似文献   

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