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Ozan Jaquette 《Research in higher education》2013,54(5):514-543
This paper analyzes mission drift in baccalaureate colleges. “Becoming a university,” defined as a change in organizational name (e.g., Aurora College becomes Aurora University), symbolizes the transition from a liberal arts mission to a comprehensive university mission. Mission drift is conceptualized as a form of “divergent change,” which can be studied using institutional theory. This paper develops testable hypotheses about becoming a university by integrating institutional theory literatures on market factors, institutional factors, and network factors. Hypotheses are tested by applying panel methods to a 1972–2010 panel dataset of all private organizations defined as “liberal arts colleges” by the 1973 Carnegie Classification. Results show that colleges became universities in response to declining freshmen enrollments, prior adoption of curricula associated with the comprehensive university model, and when network contacts previously became universities. Organizational age and strong market position lowered the probability of becoming a university. The findings contribute to literatures on organizational change and mission drift. Given that most postsecondary institutions—both public and private—are increasingly tuition reliant, future research should analyze the adoption and the effects of behavioral changes designed to increase enrollment-related revenue. 相似文献
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资金问题是民办高校生存和发展的关键问题之一。在金融危机背景下,民办高校面临着资金链风险。本文分析了民办高校资金链的历史与现状,对主要以学费滚动发展的民办学校、企业等主体投资的民办学校和独立学院这三种类型的民办高校提出相应的风险预警信号,并提出了金融危机下民办高校资金链风险防范的社会整体策略。 相似文献
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《Economics of Education Review》2007,26(3):285-295
The Pell grant program is the largest federal program for college students, with support to over three million students at more than 6000 institutions. A prominent question in public debate is whether Pell grants tend to be appropriated by universities through increases in tuition—consistent with what is known as the Bennett hypothesis. Based on a panel of 1554 colleges and universities from 1989 to 1996, we find little evidence of the Bennett hypothesis for in-state tuition for public universities. For private universities, though, increases in Pell grants appear to be matched nearly one for one by increases in list (and net) tuition. Results for out-of-state tuition for public universities are similar to those for private universities, suggesting that they behave more like private ones in setting out-of-state tuition. Institutional responses in these latter cases appear at odds with federal grants-in-aid policy. 相似文献
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Terrence A. Tollefson 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3-4):386-402
Community colleges in America are now very visible and highly respected institutions of higher education. More than 1,000 community colleges in all 50 states now comprise nearly 25% of all colleges and universities in the U.S., with over 6.5 million students, or about 45% of all college students. State and local governance and coordination of community colleges vary from single-state governing boards to minimal state control and strong local governing boards. The relative degrees of state and local control of community colleges generally “follow the money,” in that accountability to state and local governing board and state legislatures is generally about proportional to the funds provided by each level of government. Funding for operational support of community colleges comes primarily from state and local governments, with considerable federal support for grants and subsidized loans to students. In 2000–2001, the largest proportional funding sources for community colleges were: state governments (44.6%), local governments (19.5%), tuition and fees (19.5%) and the federal government (5.4%). State lotteries in at least 38 states represent a relatively new source of funds for community colleges, often in the form of student scholarships. Many of the earliest public junior colleges charged no tuition, especially in California in the early 1900s. Now many community college students pay $3,000 or more per year in tuition and fees, and recent annual tuition increases in many states have been in double digits. This is a troubling trend that threatens to reduce access to higher education for poor people. 相似文献
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RECENT RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMICS OF ATTENDING COLLEGE: Returns on Investment and Responsiveness to Price 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article examines recent research on the private returns to investment in baccalaureate and sub-baccalaureate postsecondary education, the social returns to investment in higher education, and student responsiveness to prices and subsidies (e.g., tuition and financial aid). The analysis focuses on the implications of recent research on the economics of attending college for policy and practice in a variety of specific areas such as enrollment management; the role of community colleges and other sub-baccalaureate institutions relative to welfare-to-work programs, tuition taxcredit legislation, and the value of investing in credits even without credentials; the development of effective high-tuition, high-aid, and other state and institutional pricing strategies; and the inequities in the distribution of access and choice in higher education that is evident in the widening gaps in participation rates of white and minority youth and higher- and lower-income students, as well as in the growing concentration of lower-income students at-and the flight of middle- and upper-income students from-community colleges. 相似文献
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Richard E. Anderson 《Research in higher education》1976,4(4):361-371
This article examines the institutional characteristics which affect the attractiveness of colleges and universities to bright, prospective students. The dependent variable was formed by using the expressed college preferences of the highest scoring third of all students taking the National Merit Scholarship Exam in 1964–65 and 1972–73. Twenty-eight independent variables were factor analyzed and selected variables entered into a stepwise multiple regression. Low tuition, well-credentialed faculty, research orientation, and fiscal strength appear as the important factors in raising institutional attractiveness. 相似文献
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Nicholas W. Hillman 《Research in higher education》2012,53(3):263-281
Over the past decade, institutionally-funded financial aid (or “tuition discounts”) have been the fastest-growing item within
most public four-year college and university operating budgets. One explanation for this trend is due to the changing structure
of public colleges’ revenue streams, as tuition and fees have replaced state appropriations as a viable and predictable source
of funding. This analysis explores the extent to which expenditures on institutionally-funded financial aid generates additional
revenue for public four-year colleges and universities. Using institutional data (n = 174) from 2002 to 2008, the analysis implements a generalized method of moments (GMM) technique and concludes that aid
indeed can be leveraged for revenue generation. However, this relationship is only sustainable to a certain point. When unfunded
tuition discount rates exceed approximately 13%, institutions may experience diminishing revenue returns to this financial
aid investment. 相似文献
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采用文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等研究方法,对安徽省高校“阳光体育运动”开展现状进行了研究。结果表明：安徽省高校能认真且有规律的开展学生体质健康测试工作,高校大学体育教学与阳光体育运动的结合情况不容乐观,经常性课外体育活动的开展形式单一、频度较低,80％的高校开展了阳光体育运动宣传活动,40％的高校成立了以校长牵头的“阳光体育运动”专门领导小组,高校现有的人力、物力和财力资源能基本保障“阳光体育运动”的开展,且影响高校“阳光体育运动”的开展有社会、学校和个人3个方面。针对以上现状提出了进一步开展“阳光体育运动”的建议,旨在为推动安徽省高校“阳光体育运动”的深入开展,促进大学生体质健康状况的改善提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Candy M. O’Connor 《Christian Higher Education》2018,17(4):198-214
In the midst of numerous global uncertainties, leaders are expected to have the ability to articulate a compelling vision of a preferred future that energizes and engages followers. In fact, Kouzes and Posner (2009) have argued that “Being forward-looking—envisioning exciting possibilities and enlisting others in a shared view of the future—is the attribute that most distinguishes leaders from nonleaders” (p. 20). Given that context, it is notable that research by Ibarra and Obodaru (2009) that involved 360-degree evaluations of 2,816 leaders in the corporate sector concluded that male raters of executive performance viewed women as being less visionary than men. In contrast, women were rated by both male and female raters as being as effective or more effective than male executives on 9 of 10 other “critical components of leadership” (Ibarra & Obodaru, 2009, p. 66). The authors offer three potential explanations for this anomaly, including the possibility that the collaborative leadership style of many women gives credit to the group for visionary thinking and actions rather than taking individual credit. In the male-normed culture of Christian higher education (Longman & Anderson, 2016), the perception that women are less “visionary” may contribute to their underrepresentation in senior leadership positions. This article reports the findings of a qualitative, grounded theory study that explored how 12 female leaders at Christian colleges and universities successfully developed and implemented a vision that resulted in institutional change. The participants were asked to describe their process of envisioning and the internal drivers that motivated them to persevere through challenges related to the institutional change process. Data analysis led to the identification of four primary themes: (a) the role of internal drivers such as confidence, a sense of purpose, and calling; (b) evidence of a strong orientation toward people throughout the process; (c) language barriers that often seemed to inhibit envisioning; and (d) the importance of the change aligning with the institutional mission and values. 相似文献
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高校大学生拖欠学费问题探究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目前高校大学生欠费已严重困扰着高校教育事业的发展。高校收费标准的增长超出了许多家庭的经济承受能力,高校自身收费管理体制的不完善、国家助学贷款制度的不健全以及大学生诚信观念的缺失等都是导致大学生欠费现象严重的重要因素。高校应站在学校发展和人才培养的高度,既要抓制度建设和财务管理,又要重视学生诚信品质的塑造,同时进一步完善“奖、贷、减、补、勤”多元化的资助体系,以保证高等教育事业的健康持续发展。 相似文献
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We apply a semi-parametric latent variable model to estimate selection and sorting effects on the evolution of private returns to schooling for college graduates during China's reform between 1988 and 2002. We find that there were substantial sorting gains under the traditional system, but such gains have dissipated to negligible levels in the most recent data. We take this as evidence of growing influence of private financial constraints on decisions to attend college as tuition costs have risen and the relative importance of government subsidies has declined. The main policy implication of our results is that labor and education reform without concomitant capital market reform and government support for the financially disadvantaged exacerbates increases in inequality inherent in elimination of the traditional “wage-grid”. 相似文献
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学生资助和高等教育机会均等(续2)——对中日美3国的比较分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本期主要讨论日本、中国的学费和学生资助状况。在日本,学费上涨很快,但是学生资助制度没有及时得到完善。国家财政提供的资助主要通过日本学生资助机构办理。该资助属贷款而不是赠予,学生在毕业后必须偿还。多数私立大学虽设立了具有其特色的奖助贷学金,但获资助学生非常少。即便是日本国立大学的学生,其教育费负担也很重。在中国,公立大学的学费飞速上涨。虽然中国的学生资助类型多样,但是赠予型多用于奖优,助贫主要靠贷款,借贷学生的偿还压力很大。中日两国都有待于进一步改善其教育机会均等化政策。 相似文献
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We surveyed Arkansas community and technical colleges to determine the extent to which these institutions had been affected, during the past 3 years, by tight budgets, volatile enrollments, unstable state support, and other unfavorable forces. In addition, we requested information concerning methods used by these institutions to address such problems. The survey instrument collected data pertaining to institutional demographics, budgetary trends, tuition trends, faculty issues, expenditure control methods used, institutional advancement activities, projections as to future financial directions, and staff development needs. The findings indicate that enrollments at most Arkansas community and technical colleges are increasing and budgets are growing, but often in amounts inadequate to compensate for rising costs. Arkansas 2‐year institutions are responding to this challenge by raising tuition, increasing the use of part‐time faculty, and seeking new sources of revenue. Staff development needs were identified for those functional areas in which additional training and development will enhance staff members’ ability to respond to changing economic conditions. This survey can be replicated in other community college systems, thus serving as a model for assessing the financial and institutional concerns of community and technical colleges nationwide. 相似文献
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Dimpal Jain Alfred Herrera Santiago Bernal Daniel Solorzano 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3):252-266
In California, the majority of students of color who enter postsecondary education do so in the community colleges. However large numbers of them leave and do not transfer to four-year institutions; in particular to highly selective public four-year colleges and universities. By using the theoretical perspective of critical race theory, transfer can be seen as a dual commitment between both the sending and receiving institution as we put forth the conceptual framework of a “transfer receptive culture.” We define a transfer receptive culture as an institutional commitment by a four-year college or university to provide the support needed for students to transfer successfully—that is, to navigate the community college, take the appropriate coursework, apply, enroll, and successfully earn a baccalaureate degree in a timely manner. We outline five elements, informed by critical race theory, that are necessary to establish a transfer receptive culture and outline specific strategies within each element that practioners can employ on their home campuses. 相似文献
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Drew Moser 《Christian Higher Education》2014,13(1):29-42
This article explores the historical roots of Ernest Boyer's impact on Christian higher education in the United States. Boyer's stints as a student at two Christian colleges (Messiah College in Pennsylvania and Greenville College in Illinois) and his first faculty and administrative posts at Upland College in California were significant influences in the development of his vision for the Christian college—a vision that led to greater legitimacy and credibility in the landscape of American higher education. Ernest Boyer's innovative, yet historic understanding of the distinctives of Christian higher education contributed to the successful accreditation process of nearly one hundred small, private institutions. 相似文献
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潘曦 《淮南职业技术学院学报》2021,(1)
步入“互联网+”时代,高校必须充分认识先进信息技术对党建工作的积极作用,积极探索高校“智慧党建”新模式,更好地提升高校党建科学化水平。分析了高校智慧党建的创建逻辑、功能定位,提出了互联网+视阈下加强高校“智慧党建”工作的实现路径,助力高校成为落实立德树人根本任务的坚强阵地。 相似文献
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The main aim of this article is to explore similarities and differences in the institutional features of private and state universities in the Italian higher education system and to assess whether graduating from a private university conveys advantages in the labour market. In the first part we use administrative data to describe the main institutional features of the two types of university, looking at organisational aspects, enrolments and graduates, financial resources, tuition fees, and teachers' characteristics. In the second part we develop a theoretical framework looking at sociological and economic theories of education and labour market, from which we derive some hypotheses on the expected results. In the last part, we apply a propensity score matching analysis on data from the Italian University Graduates Survey conducted in 2007 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics, which provides information on more than 40,000 graduates who obtained their degree in 2004. The main results indicate that graduates from private universities are younger, have a higher socio-economic background and a slightly better previous school career than those from state universities. Contrary to a widespread belief, once accounted for self-selection into the type of university using a wide range of variables, graduating from a private university has neither a significant nor a substantial effect on employment probability, hourly wage and occupational level three years after graduation. 相似文献
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我国高校筹资多元化的目标及其现状分析 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在我国高等教育大众化的进程中,政府确立了高校筹资多元化目标,并从制度层面加以推动。但从高等教育总体经费以及三种不同类型的高校（教育部直属高校、地方高校、民办高校）筹资渠道的变化情况分析来看,我国绝大多数高校的筹资渠道实际是以政府财政拨款和学杂费为主的二元化格局,其他筹资渠道并未形成适宜的比例,高校筹资多元化目标尚未实现。同时,高校贷款与学费指数过高存在一定的隐忧。 相似文献