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1.
Helen L. Savage 《Research in higher education》1983,19(1):109-123
The relationships between the field-dependence-independence level (GEFT score) of university home economics majors and their area of concentration, academic ability and performance, and career choices were investigated. The sample was 143 undergraduate and 53 graduate women university students. A significant difference in GEFT was found when students were grouped according to the five areas of concentration or by the analytical-interpersonal nature of their chosen career positions. Significant correlations were found between GEFT and all ACT scores, undergraduate and graduate GPA, and graduate student career commitment. There was no significant relationship for GEFT with any GRE score, undergraduate career commitment, or ease of career choice. Little evidence of a differential effect of GEFT on achievement in analytical or social content courses was found. 相似文献
2.
Our study, focused on classroom-based research at the introductory level and using the Phage Genomics course as the model, shows evidence that first-year students doing research learn the process of science as well as how scientists practice science. A preliminary but notable outcome of our work, which is based on a small sample, is the change in student interest in considering different career choices such as graduate education and science in general. This is particularly notable, as previous research has described research internships as clarifying or confirming rather than changing undergraduates' decisions to pursue graduate education. We hypothesize that our results differ from previous studies of the impact of engaging in research because the students in our study are still in the early stages of their undergraduate careers. Our work builds upon the classroom-based research movement and should be viewed as encouraging to the Vision and Change in Undergraduate Biology Education movement advocated by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Science Foundation, and other undergraduate education stakeholders. 相似文献
3.
Involvement in research has become a fixture in undergraduate science education across the United States. Graduate and postdoctoral
students are often called upon to mentor undergraduates at research universities, yet mentoring relationships in undergraduate—graduate/postdoctoral
student dyads and undergraduate—graduate/postdoctoral student—faculty triads have been largely unexamined. Here, we present
findings of an exploratory case study framed by relational theory that identifies the motives, gains, and challenges reported
by graduate/postdoctoral students who mentored undergraduates in research. Graduate/postdoctoral mentors experienced a wide
range of gains, including improved qualifications and career preparation, cognitive and socioemotional growth, improved teaching
and communication skills, and greater enjoyment of their own apprenticeship experience. Notably, graduate/postdoctoral mentors
reported twice as many gains as challenges, neither of which were limited by their motives for mentoring. Indeed, their motives
were fairly narrow and immediate, focusing on how mentoring would serve as a means to an end, while the gains and challenges
they reported indicated a longer-term vision of how mentoring influenced their personal, cognitive, and professional growth.
We propose that understanding the impact of mentoring undergraduates on the education and training of graduate/postdoctoral
students may uncover new ideas about the benefits reaped through undergraduate research experiences. 相似文献
4.
John D. Massengale 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):97-102
Published rankings of graduate departments, programs, and faculties play an important role in American higher education. Rankings serve as a measure of prestige, and prestige in higher education is very important, especially as it relates to career patterns and career opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most pertinent and controversial issues surrounding prestige rankings in graduate physical education, and examine their importance and consequences. Appropriate research and related literature are presented and examined, with conclusions, implications, and suggestions being offered as results. 相似文献
5.
Undergraduate students who major in science make diverse career choices. Two such career choices are medical technologists and science teachers. One possible reason for science majors selecting different career choices might be attributed to varied personality dimensions. The purpose of this study was to identify a set of personality attributes that distinguish practicing medical technologists from practicing science teachers. The subjects of this study consisted of 83 medical technologists and 57 science teachers. Eysenck Personality (EPI) was utilized to investigate the personality attributes of subjects in terms of Eysenck's personality variable of Extroversion-Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability. Vocational Preference Inventory was utilized to investigate the vocational personality profile of subjects in terms of Holland's classification of occupations and work environment. Data with EPI revealed that there was no significant difference between medical technologists and science teachers with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of extroversion. However, there was found a significant difference between the two groups with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of neuroticism. Data with VPI revealed that there was no significant difference between medical technologists and science teachers with respect to Eysenck's personality variable of extroversion. Both the groups were characterized by the personality profile of IAS (Intellectual-Artistic-Social). This profile was different from that required earlier in literature. 相似文献
6.
Ronald G. Havelock 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(3):279-293
The careers of seven educational researcher-developers were compared to determine what factors were most influential in forming and changing intellectual orientation. Of particular concern was the degree of influence that might come from intensive interactions with teacher practitioners. Five turning points were identified in which different influences were dominant. The initial decision to enter graduate work reflected a desire for advancement, a diminished interest in the undergraduate field of concentration, and a dissatisfaction with the early experience of teaching in that field (high school mathematics or science) The subsequent decision to center the career on applied educational research was influenced by the intellectual environment of the graduate school, including coursework, reading, and interaction with professors and fellow graduate students. Third, a commitment to cognitive studies of student learning in the classroom was governed largely by involvement with a major professor who became mentor, thesis advisor, and co-author of the first publication. Fourth, the scholar becomes a major player, able to implement and disseminate his/her ideas through multiple publications and presentations as well as through the development and widespread testing of products intended to improve aspects of (elementary school) classroom learning. Influences here are substantial intellectual reinforcement from an international community of like-minded colleagues and substantial funding of the scholar's R&D program, usually from the federal government. At a fifth turning point only, with the career fully established, do we begin to see substantial influence coming from intensive interactions with individual teacherpractitioners, often in conjunction with a realization that theoretical ideas and their product offspring are not working out as intended in the classroom. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTMuch research has been conducted to investigate the effects of inquiry-based learning on students’ attitude towards science and future involvement in the science field, but few of them conducted in-depth studies including young learners’ socio-cognitive background to explore mechanisms which explain how inquiry experiences influence on career choices. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate in what ways and to what extent the inquiry learning experiences in school science affect students’ future career orientation in the context of socio-cognitive mechanisms based on socio-cognitive career theory(SCCT). For the purpose, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data were used focusing on science literacy, and the sample of Finnish 15-year-old students (N?=?5782) was analysed by structural equation modelling with the hypothesised Inquiry-SCCT model. The results of the study showed that inquiry learning experiences were indicated as a positive predictor for the students’ career aspiration, and most of its effects were mediated by outcome expectations. Indeed, although self-efficacy and interest in learning science indicated positive correlations with future aspiration, outcome expectation presented the highest correlation with the science-related career. Gender differences were found in the model, but girls indicated higher outcome expectation and career aspiration than boys in Finland. 相似文献
8.
Emma Smith Sandra Cooke 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(2):303-326
The recruitment and training of scientists is an area of international concern. Much of the research and policy focus around
this issue in the UK has been on how science is taught in schools and in particular on the structure of the school science
curriculum. Much less attention has been devoted to the undergraduate student experience and the trajectory that learners
take which can lead to higher education and into careers as professional scientists and technicians. This paper reports the
findings from a comparative study of the experiences and aspirations of almost 1,000 art and science undergraduates studying
at 6 elite British universities. There is no evidence to suggest that undergraduate scientists are put off a career in the
science, technology, engineering and mathematics field, although theirs is arguably a less positive experience than that of
their peers who study arts subjects. Most science undergraduates have clear career aspirations which are largely linked to
remaining in the field and often involve further study. For many, these aspirations lead them towards the applied sciences
and away from a career in ‘pure’ research or academia. 相似文献
9.
Most students participating in science undergraduate research (UR) plan to attend either medical school or graduate school. This study examines possible differences between premed and non-premed students in their influences to do research and expectations of research. Questionnaire responses from 55 premed students and 80 non-premed students were analyzed. No differences existed in the expectations of research between the two groups, but attitudes toward science and intrinsic motivation to learn more about science were significantly higher for non-premed students. Follow-up interviews with 11 of the students, including a case study with one premed student, provided explanation for the observed differences. Premed students, while not motivated to learn more about science, were motivated to help people, which is why most of them are pursuing medicine. They viewed research as a way to help them become doctors and to rule out the possibility of research as a career. Non-premed students participated in research to learn more about a specific science topic and gain experience that may be helpful in graduate school research. The difference in the reasons students want to do UR may be used to tailor UR experiences for students planning to go to graduate school or medical school. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Despite striking increases in female enrolments in many undergraduate science programmes, women continue to be dramatically underrepresented in graduate training and careers in science. Although there is substantial evidence of differences in male and female students' experiences in university science courses, we know little about how young women interpret and respond to these differences. This article explores the accounts that female science students construct of their aspirations, educational experiences, achievements, and opportunities as they move through their undergraduate education at a large, urban university in Canada. Based on in-depth, longitudinal interviews ( n = 91), the focus is on the processes through which they make sense of their educational and career options and choices. The findings point to the importance of understanding how meanings and subjectivities are produced, understood, and acted upon. What is evident from this study is that women in science confront a complex web of competing and contradictory realities and discourses as they negotiate their career identities. Thus, to stem the progressive and cumulative loss of female students as they move up through the levels of higher education, universities must address the problems they confront in their pursuit of science training before, during, and after their undergraduate education. 相似文献
11.
Marion Lee Johnson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):56-64
Graduate programs will be appropriate if we maintain the integrity of graduate study by insisting on a major emphasis on research by graduate students and faculty. Graduate programs will be undesirable if we award graduate degrees for what should be undergraduate programs, and/or if faculty become so involved in undergraduate or service programs that there is no ongoing focused scholarly activity. To continue to argue about the relative importance of service, practitioner preparation, and research objectives in graduate education will cause ongoing division, resulting in faltering steps toward the future. On the other hand, minor cosmetic changes aimed at achieving the image of a unified graduate program will produce stumbling attempts to go forward. Marching together boldly into the future requires respect for different missions at different levels and doing well what needs to be done by the practitioner, in undergraduate and in graduate programs. At the graduate level, it means taking seriously our mission to acquire better estimates of the truth. Three ideas that will assist that inquiry are to define graduate study in terms of (a) an extension of research, (b) relevant independent study, and (c) the kind of depth that promotes an appreciation of the breadth and interrelatedness of all aspects of our field. 相似文献
12.
Among science educators, current interest in undergraduate research (UR) is influenced both by the traditional role of the
research apprenticeship in scientists’ preparation and by concerns about replacing the current scientific workforce. Recent
research has begun to demonstrate the range of personal, professional, and intellectual benefits for STEM students from participating
in UR, yet the processes by which student-advisor interactions contribute to these benefits are little understood. We employ
situated learning theory (Lave and Wenger, Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge in 1991) to examine the role of student-advisor interactions in apprenticing undergraduate researchers, particularly in terms of
acculturating students to the norms, values, and professional practice of science. This qualitative study examines interviews
with a diverse sample of 73 undergraduate research students from two research-extensive institutions. From these interviews,
we articulate a continuum of practices that research mentors employed in three domains to support undergraduate scientists-in-training:
professional socialization, intellectual support, and personal/emotional support. The needs of novice students differed from
those of experienced students in each of these areas. Novice students needed clear expectations, guidelines, and orientation
to their specific research project, while experienced students needed broader socialization in adopting the traits, habits,
and temperament of scientific researchers. Underrepresented minority students, and to a lesser extent, women, gained confidence
from their interactions with their research mentors and broadened their future career and educational possibilities. Undergraduate
research at research-extensive universities exemplifies a cycle of scientific learning and practice where undergraduate researchers
are mentored by graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, who are themselves apprentices to faculty members. As such,
research mentors of undergraduate students should be aware of the dual scientific and educational aspects of their advising
role and its significance in shaping students’ identities and career trajectories. 相似文献
13.
In career discussions, female undergraduates said that if they were to attend graduate school in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and were to follow a career based on their research training, they would have to give up having a family. A subsequent survey showed that many students, both men and women, thought work–life balance would be more difficult to achieve in a STEM research path than in other professions they were considering. Their views of STEM research being less family-friendly were more pronounced on issues of parental leaves and caring for children than finding a spouse/partner and landing two jobs in the same locality. To provide role models of work–life balance in STEM professions, we convened panels of dual-career couples who described how they worked together to raise their children while advancing their scientific careers. Our selection of panelists and topics of discussion were based on findings of social science research on work–life balance. On a survey with the same questions administered afterward, the changes in paired responses of male and female students with respect to all four issues showed a significant shift toward thinking that a research-based STEM career would be no more difficult than other careers they were considering. 相似文献
14.
Barbara S. Spector 《科学教学研究杂志》1985,22(4):327-345
This is the report of a two-year study using qualitative research methods to assess the training needs of science teachers in southern Florida. The respondents included individuals and groups comprising the educational enterprise and those outside the enterprise with the ability to influence policy in science education and implementation of that policy in Florida. The study resulted in recommendations describing the desired state for graduate training leading to a master's degree in science education and has implications for noncredit inservice activities. 相似文献
15.
Ernest Rudd 《Higher Education》1973,2(3):301-324
British universities differ considerably in the strength of their research orientation. Those of higher prestige tend to have a stronger orientation towards research, while those of lower prestige have a weaker research orientation, A university that is strongly research oriented in one group of subjects is likely to be so in the others it teaches too. It is the conventional wisdom that a good researcher is likely to be a good teacher at undergraduate level, and the negative relationship between the degree of research orientation and undergraduate wastage rates provides some slight support for this. The relationship between research and teaching seems to be more an indirect one (that anyone with the ability to do good research is likely to have the ability to teach well at university level) than a direct one (research makes a university teacher a better teacher). 相似文献
16.
Graduate students play an integral role in undergraduate chemistry education at doctoral granting institutions where they routinely serve as instructors of laboratories and supplementary discussion sessions. Simultaneously, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) balance major research and academic responsibilities. Although GTAs have substantial instructional facetime with large numbers of undergraduate students, little is known about their conceptions of teaching or their identities as teachers. To investigate the knowledge that GTAs have regarding teaching in this unique context, their teaching identities, and how these developed, we conducted 22 interviews with graduate students from several universities at various levels in their graduate school career using a modified Teacher Beliefs Interview. Interviews were analyzed for two overarching teacher learning constructs: teacher knowledge and teacher identity. We characterized chemistry GTAs' teacher knowledge and identity and determined major influencing factors. We found that chemistry GTAs often identified as a tutor or lab manager, which hindered their self-investment in developing as teachers. The results presented herein contribute to an understanding of GTAs' teacher knowledge, teacher identity, and their teaching context, from which training can be designed to best support GTA development. 相似文献
17.
Using a conceptual model, this study examines the variables associated with the U.S. News and World Report peer assessment
ratings of graduate and professional schools in business, education, engineering, law, and medicine. What are the correlates
of prestige among the nation’s leading graduate and professional schools, and are they consistent with prior studies of prestige?
Not since the studies of the 1995 National Research Council (NRC) data have scholars examined the correlates of prestige for
individual graduate programs, and no study has ever extensively examined the U.S. News graduate ratings. Using available data
from U.S. News, as well as institutional websites and ISI Web of Science information, this analysis finds robust relationships
between the U.S. News graduate school reputation ratings and the model-relevant indicators, especially enrollment size, admissions
test scores, and faculty publications per capita. 相似文献
18.
The researchers performed a survey study to determine the effectiveness of collegiate programmes in dispelling common misconceptions about traumatic brain injury (TBI) while preparing undergraduate and graduate students for special education (SpEd) careers. Respondents included 136 undergraduate and 147 graduate SpEd students in their final semesters before obtaining degrees. Each completed an 18‐item true/false survey about TBI and the associated recovery process. Results were compared with survey responses from 318 lay public respondents who participated in a previous study. Two major findings emerged: (a) no significant differences existed in misconception endorsement between SpEd students completing Bachelor's versus Master's degrees; and (b) graduating students in SpEd teacher preparation programmes endorsed similar misconceptions as lay public respondents; hence, these programmes do not appear effective in dispelling common TBI misconceptions. Improving academic preparation for special educators regarding TBI is imperative for effectively identifying, assessing and serving student survivors. 相似文献
19.
Joanne Edmondston Vaille Dawson Renato Schibeci 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(6):1091-1108
Public concerns about biotechnology have resulted in greater attention being paid to the mechanisms by which biotechnology
is communicated with non-scientists, including the provision of science communication training. As undergraduate and postgraduate
courses form the foundation of the biotechnology sector by providing a pipeline of university graduates entering into the
profession, it has been proposed that formal science communication training be introduced at this early stage of career development.
Using an Australian biotechnology degree course as a case study, this paper examines science communication training within
this course and the views of past and present students towards this training. Interviews were undertaken with 22 stakeholders
in the case, including undergraduate lecturers (who also supervise postgraduate research students), doctoral candidates and
biotechnologists recently graduated from the course. Few of the students felt the course provided them with any form of science
communication training, let alone training in how to engage non-scientists. Many were unaware of the training available to
them and few of the lecturers were able to identify where communication skills are taught within the course. A previous study
of this case has also shown that biotechnology undergraduates taking this course do not value communication with non-scientists.
Clearly, the current state of science communication training for these students needs to be improved if they are to enter
the biotechnology workforce as able civic scientists. The findings of this study may be useful for other university biotechnology courses which have yet to integrate science
communication training into their curriculum. 相似文献
20.
In this study, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is used to explore changes in the career intentions of students in an undergraduate research experience (URE) program at a large public minority‐serving college. Our URE model addresses the challenges of establishing an undergraduate research program within an urban, commuter, underfunded, Minority‐Serving Institution (MSI). However, our model reaches beyond a focus on retention and remediation toward scholarly contributions and shifted career aspirations. From a student's first days at the College to beyond their graduation, we have encouraged them to explore their own potential as scientists in a coordinated, sequential, and self‐reflective process. As a result, while the program's graduates have traditionally pursued entry‐level STEM jobs, graduates participating in mentored research are increasingly focused on professional and academic STEM career tracks involving post‐graduate study. In addition to providing an increasingly expected experience and building students’ skills, participation in undergraduate research is seen to have a transformative effect on career ambitions for many students at MSIs. While undergraduate research is often thought of in context of majority‐serving institutions, we propose that it serves as a powerful equalizer at MSIs. Building on the institutional characteristics that drive diversity, our students produce scholarly work and pursue graduate degrees, in order to address the long‐standing under‐representation of minorities in the sciences. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 169–194, 2017 相似文献