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1.
This study uses household survey data to estimate determinants of schooling in Uganda, with a model that includes the price of school. Uganda's universal education policy offered free tuition, fees, and supplies to up to four children per family, including two daughters. The empirical method includes an estimation of a child-specific price of schooling. Despite widespread subsidies, the cost of primary school remained an obstacle under this policy, but the effects of price were similar for boys and girls. Regressions by wealth quintile estimate nonlinear effects of wealth and price, suggesting that there are opportunities to expand education through targeted cash transfer and subsidy policies. 相似文献
2.
传统价格理论认为,价格是价值的货币表现,即价值决定价格。然而运用这一理论解释某些经济现象时遇到了困难,分析发现,价格首先是交换价值的货币表现,然而交换价值并不等同于价值,因此价格也并非完全是价值的货币表现,商品是用于交换的物品。同时,提出“交换价值=自然价值+劳动价值”的公式和“负价值”的概念。 相似文献
3.
论文分析了我国天然气联网的趋势及联网后天然气市场格局的变化。借鉴了联网条件下天然气市场变化的国际经验,利用市场营销学4P理论分析了天然气管道联网对产品、价格、渠道、促销四个方面的影响,提出了适应联网的营销策略。 相似文献
4.
Student loans repayment and recovery: international comparisons 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Student loans schemes are in operation in more than seventy countries around the world. Most loans schemes benefit from sizeable built-in government subsidies and, in addition, are subject to repayment default and administrative costs that are not passed on to student borrowers. We probe two issues in this paper, for 44 loans schemes in 39 countries: how much of the original loan is an individual student required to repay (the “repayment ratio”) and what percentage of the total costs of loans schemes can the lending body expect to receive back in repayments (the “recovery ratio”)? The analysis shows considerable variation in the size of the repayment and recovery ratios across schemes. Moreover, many loans schemes exhibit sizeable built-in subsidies accruing to student borrowers—in over 40% of the schemes examined, the repayment ratio is 40% or less. Overall loans recovery is considerably lower. Policy implications of these findings are discussed together with a consideration of steps that may be taken to improve the financial outcome of loans schemes. 相似文献
5.
本文通过对国外主要粮食市场调控政策的分析,概括了国外主要粮食市场调控政策的特点,并与我国进行了比较,得出了国外主要粮食市场调控政策对我国的启示:坚持实行价格保护和直接补贴的政策,修订并完善补贴政策;国家粮食调控应与市场调控相结合;充分发挥、灵活运用粮食进出口政策。 相似文献
6.
This study employs a simple enrollment demand model to investigate the regional market environment of a private, church-related, comprehensive institution of higher education offering undergraduate, graduate and professional education. The focus is on price and cross-price elasticities of demand as measures of the competitive threat posed by prominent public and private educational alternatives within the region. We find a significant competitive threat coming from the private sector within the region. This competition raises the net price elasticity of demand for education at this institution to well above unity. We conclude that tuition price subsidies play a critical role in managing enrollment demand at this institution. [JEL J3, J24, J41] 相似文献
7.
在辽宁沿海经济带开发上升为国家战略、大力拉动东北老工业基地全面振兴的现实进程中,东北区域天然气资源开发利用安排必须积极跟进,为创建中国第四大经济增长极提供能源支撑。为此,必须改善天然气市场运行模式,提高市场的运行效率;利用区域之外天然气资源,构成和谐的供求市场;推动天然气价格体制改革,形成科学的价格机制。只有这样,才能寻找到东北区域天然气资源开发利用的有效路径,为国家实施能源储备战略做出区域性贡献。 相似文献
8.
通过资本边际收益法对2002—2010年的全国商品房价格泡沫进行测算,我们发现,就全国而言,2002—2010年间,我国商品住房市场价格运行主要经历了两个阶段。第一阶段是2002—2003年,此期间我国商品住房价格无泡沫运行。第二阶段是2004—2010年,从2004年开始,我国开始出现商品住房价格泡沫,除2006年商品住房价格泡沫不明显外,其余每年我国商品住房市场均出现泡沫。鉴于这种情况,我们分别选择时间序列模型和面板数据模型对全国以及主要城市的商品住房价格泡沫形成因素进行实证分析。 相似文献
9.
采用带转化炉的氢火焰气相色谱与色谱工作站,通过选择合适的操作条件及标准气体样品,对工业用乙烯、丙烯中痕量的一氧化碳、二氧化碳进行检测,方法的检出限达到μL/m3级水平。对方法的回收率及精密度作试验,测定回收率为97.1%—103.9%,相对标准偏差（n=6）为2.67%~7.40%。 相似文献
10.
《Early childhood research quarterly》2002,17(4):418-440
Over the past decade, policymakers have become increasingly concerned about the development of low-income children, as well as about helping low-income parents work. Yet, all too often, child development and parental work goals are seen as separate. As a result, key parental work support services that affect children (such as child care subsidies) have not had a sustained focus on supporting the development of the children that they serve—even though subsidies are now estimated to serve more than 2 million low-income children. This article describes current approaches to child care subsidies, and identifies a number of the issues and opportunities facing those who want to integrate a stronger child development focus into the subsidy system. It concludes with a discussion of important questions that policymakers, practitioners, and researchers can explore if they want to help the subsidy system achieve a better balance between supporting parental work and supporting child development. 相似文献
11.
This paper examines the impact of the implementation of a universal free school breakfast policy on meals program participation, attendance, and academic achievement. In 2003, New York City made school breakfast free for all students regardless of income, while increasing the price of lunch for those ineligible for meal subsidies. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, we derive plausibly causal estimates of the policy's impact by exploiting within and between group variation in school meal pricing before and after the policy change. Our estimates suggest that the policy resulted in small increases in breakfast participation both for students who experienced a decrease in the price of breakfast and for free-lunch eligible students who experienced no price change. The latter suggests that universal provision may alter behavior through mechanisms other than price, highlighting the potential merits of universal provision over targeted services. We find limited evidence of policy impacts on academic outcomes. 相似文献
12.
The 1987 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study was used to compare four alternative approaches for assessing the influence of price subsidies on within-year persistence by graduate students. The conclusions drawn from the research include: 1) tuition charges has a substantial negative influence on persistence; and 2) comprehensive packages-grants, loans, plus assistantships-were the most effective means of subsidizing graduate student costs.The authors gratefully acknowledge that a grant from the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators helped support this research. The views expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not represent official positions of NASFAA. 相似文献
13.
李建雄 《天津职业院校联合学报》2013,(7):79-82
政府税收或补贴会对商品的均衡价格产生影响。通过分析可知,商品的供给弹性与需求弹性之比等于消费者的税收负担（或补贴）与生产者的税收负担（或补贴）之比。供给弹性、需求弹性、消费者的税收负担（或负担）、生产者的税收负担（或补贴）之间的比例关系,对于生产者或消费者对政府税收或补贴承担多少的计算问题具有重要的应用价值和实践意义。 相似文献
14.
This study estimates the value of the private and public benefits that accrue to Minnesota residents from state government subsidies to higher education. In 2005, the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system received $832 million from Minnesota's state government to support educational programs. These subsidies allow these institutions to offer lower tuition rates, increasing the number of Minnesotans with bachelor and graduate degrees. We calculate that removing these subsidies would eventually lead to 14,000 fewer graduate degree holders in Minnesota, and reduce those with bachelor's degrees or “some college” by 42,000. The annual economic cost of these subsidies is about $326 million; this is less than annual state appropriations because most of those appropriations are income transfers from taxpayers to students, not an economic cost. We estimate that the annual value of the benefits of these subsidies is between $531 and $786 million ($381 and $570 million) when a 3% (5%) discount rate is used. We also discuss some of the income distribution consequences. 相似文献
15.
Helen Raikes Julia Torquati Cixin Wang Brinn Shjegstad 《Early education and development》2013,24(4):558-582
Research Findings: This study investigated parents’ experiences using Child Care and Development Fund and other state-dispersed child care subsidies, reasons for choosing their current child care program, and perceptions of the quality of child care received from their current program. A telephone survey of 659 parents receiving child care subsidies in 4 states showed that parents gave generally positive ratings to accessibility and reliability of subsidies, reported that child care subsidies were a substantial benefit to them, and gave low ratings to limitations of child care subsidies. However, 40% of parents reported that they had experienced a disruption in eligibility for subsidy. Parent experiences with child care subsidies varied by state. Parents in the sample identified 4 criteria used to choose their child care program: (a) characteristics of the provider, (b) convenience, (c) whether the provider was licensed or accredited, and (d) whether a personal relationship existed with the provider. Selection criteria varied by type of care parents were using. The majority of the participants rated the overall quality of their child care as perfect or excellent (73.6%), but ratings of quality also varied by the type of child care parents were using. Practice or Policy: Implications for child care subsidy program administration and for improving the quality of child care purchased by public subsidies in the context of parental choice are discussed. 相似文献
16.
A rich interdisciplinary literature exists exploring the determinants of state higher education funding policies. However, that work has collectively ignored an important finding from political economy literature: namely, that citizens’ preferences regarding public spending are strongly influenced by the state’s ethnic and racial context. Drawing on a unique panel of state-level data covering the years 1982–2009, we find that states demarcated by increased racial and ethnic diversity and eroding white majorities do tend to spend less on subsidies to public higher education, resulting in decreased state appropriations as well as more tepid support for financial aid programs. Critically, however, we find that the negative effects of increased ethnic and racial fractionalization can be mitigated—and in some circumstances, fully offset—by a high degree of positive social interaction between ethnic and racial groups. These results are discussed within the pragmatic context of continued state emphasis on degree attainment as a mechanism to foster economic growth as well as broader considerations about equality and social justice. 相似文献
17.
Takis Venetoklis 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):435-454
We measure the distributive justice preferences of students within eight departments in the faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Turku, Finland. We use the Finnish government's annual budget and its specific appropriations as a proxy to measure the students' underlying preferences. We test whether the type of studies of the respondents is associated with the preferences one has for increases or decreases on specific programmes financed via the budget. Students of economics preferred more money for technological investments and research, as well as for “law and order” programmes. They wanted much less spending for subsidies of any sort. On the other hand, those in social—type disciplines, preferred the opposite, that is, less funding for technology‐related programmes and more money for pensions and subsidies. 相似文献
18.
分利集团对近代湖南灾荒时期粮食价格的影响(上) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“岁有凶禳,故谷有贵贱”,每逢灾荒,粮食减产或绝收,粮价上扬,这是一个必然的规律。但粮价上扬除了灾荒造成粮食短缺这一自然条件外,分利集团利己的、不合理的分利活动,引发或加剧了灾荒时期的“粮荒”,是湖南灾荒时期粮价上扬的最根本的原因。 相似文献
19.
There are currently two views about the relationship between education and economic development. One rather narrow view treats education as an investment in people — in human capital — that raises productivity and national income just like investments in physical capital. Rational individuals invest in themselves when they see that private returns exceed private cost. Governments should invest in education that gives favourable social rates of returns. Their main function is to respond to the established pattern of demand for education. The second, and broader, view sees education not as a pure investment good, but as a powerful force that increases people's knowledge, changes their values and attitudes, and thus expanding their ability to absorb new technology. In this view, the expansion of educational opportunities is vital to the making of a modern society. Governments should provide education with the objective of creating a fully educated society — a society where everyone has at least six to ten years of formal education. They should create educational and training opportunities ahead of demand, with subsidies and compulsory schooling laws if necessary. 相似文献
20.
"农民工"工资问题的经济分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“农民工”的工资问题主要表现为工资水平低、增长缓慢、拖欠和价格歧视等方面，这是由城乡收入差距拉大、同质劳动力供给过量、制度歧视、缺乏基本的制度约束造成。解决“农民工”的工资问题必须建立完善的约束和保障制度，保障转移劳动力的合法权益；开展农业人口的职业技能培训，提高劳动力素质；消除控制“农民工”转移的刚性制度，代之以经济手段引导调节，加大对农业的补贴，提高农业的比较收益。 相似文献