共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Boyuan Huang Zhenghao Liu Changwei Wu Yuan Zhang Jinjin Zhao Xiao Wang Jiangyu Li 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(8)
Perovskite solar cells (PSC) are promising next generation photovoltaic technologies, and there is considerable interest in the role of possible polarization of organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) in photovoltaic conversion. The polarity of OIHPs is still hotly debated, however. In this review, we examine recent literature on the polarity of OIHPs from both theoretical and experimental points of view, and argue that they can be both polar and nonpolar, depending on composition, processing and environment. Implications of OIHP polarity to photovoltaic conversion are also discussed, and new insights gained through research efforts. In the future, integration of a local scanning probe with global macroscopic measurements in situ will provide invaluable microscopic insight into the intriguing macroscopic phenomena, while synchrotron diffractions and scanning transmission electron microscopy on more stable samples may ultimately settle the debate. 相似文献
2.
Ruth F.G. Williams 《普罗米修斯》2015,33(4):421-430
Dissent and assent contribute to new information and knowledge in that they foster ideas, avert errors and counter misplaced beliefs. Although intended to facilitate progress, innovation and creativity, dissent may be opposed by the closed mind and defensive mindset. Don Lamberton encountered a specific mindset in his own duties to scholarship in economics. Thus, the perspective of dissent is a fitting way to pay homage to his scholarship. However, this paper is also a lament. It gives an interpretation of Antigone from political philosophy which depicts Antigone rocking an ideological boat harboured by the polis. The silencing of Antigone’s voice results in unexpected losses in the oikos. This is the sort of tragedy threatening critical and innovative scholarship in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104453
In an era of rapid technological advances, individuals have access to a plethora of open and closed forms of problem solving. We introduce and test a framework that compares different forms of problem solving and determines how individuals make choices among them. Our analyses of 4,556 problems solved by 398 individuals reveal that high problem complexity and strong implicit social norms of open exchange increase the probability that individuals will seek external solutions rather than solve the problems themselves. Our analysis also shows that they prefer individual experts (contacted directly or via open call) over aggregated crowd knowledge. We also find that strong implicit social norms of open exchange weakened the positive impact of complexity on the probability of solving problems externally. Interestingly, this effect is more subtle when the use of aggregated crowds is compared with individual experts: while strong implicit social norms strengthen the positive impact of problem complexity when experts are contacted directly, they otherwise weaken the use of open call experts. We discuss and examine the nuanced effects between problem complexity and social norms of open exchange. The study contributes to a stream of the open innovation literature that uses a problem solving perspective to better understand under what circumstances certain forms of problem solving are utilized, and it then combines it with a novel empirical setting based on real-life experimental data. 相似文献
5.
Fernando López-Ostenero Víctor Peinado Julio Gonzalo Felisa Verdejo 《Information processing & management》2008
Is Cross-Language answer finding harder than Monolingual answer finding for users? In this paper we provide initial quantitative and qualitative evidence to answer this question. 相似文献
6.
David J. Gunkel 《Ethics and Information Technology》2018,20(2):87-99
This essay addresses the other side of the robot ethics debate, taking up and investigating the question “Can and should robots have rights?” The examination of this subject proceeds by way of three steps or movements. We begin by looking at and analyzing the form of the question itself. There is an important philosophical difference between the two modal verbs that organize the inquiry—can and should. This difference has considerable history behind it that influences what is asked about and how. Second, capitalizing on this verbal distinction, it is possible to identify four modalities concerning social robots and the question of rights. The second section will identify and critically assess these four modalities as they have been deployed and developed in the current literature. Finally, we will conclude by proposing another alternative, a way of thinking otherwise that effectively challenges the existing rules of the game and provides for other ways of theorizing moral standing that can scale to the unique challenges and opportunities that are confronted in the face of social robots. 相似文献
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In this paper,we will prove that the Bonnet surfaces can beclassified into three different types and the first or second types areequivalent to helicoidal surfaces(including surfaces of revolution andcylinders)under Bonnet deformations. 相似文献
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I.TheTragediesofShakespeare1.1.AnAnalysisoftherolesinShakespeare’stragediesTake“Hamlet”asexamples:Hamletisaboutanemotionallyscarredyoungmantryingtoavengethemurderofhisfather,theking.TheghostofHamlet'sfatherappearstoHamlet,tellinghimthathewasmurderedbyhisbrother,Claudius,whohasnowbecometheking.ClaudiushasalsomarriedGertrude,theoldking'swidowandHamlet'smother.Hamletisappalledbyhismother'sactionsandbywhattheghosttellshimaboutClaudius'scold-bloodedmurderofhisownbrother.Tobuytimetoplothisr… 相似文献
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<正>Chinese Academy of Sciences and the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina stand united in their endeavor to promote the scientific spirit and to increase scientific excellence. The oldest academy in the West and the strongest academy in the East make the following declaration on the role and value of basic research and scientific advancement.Humankind is facing a broad range of serious challenges which are of global nature and effect. Examples are climate change, resource shortage or an uneven development, which 相似文献
11.
Peter Gruss 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2004,(2)
Today mankind is in a transition period to a new knowledge age. Both China and Germany entered the knowledge society at different times and under quite different circumstances. At the start of the 21st century, however, both countries are faced with similar challenges and are well equipped not the least due to the steadfast and trusting ties that have linked the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. When the first steps in this cooperative endeavor were taken in 1974, the prospects were more than vague. But it only took a few years until solid cooperative initiatives took shape based on 相似文献
12.
Let [m/n]_f be the matrix Padé approximant (MPA, left-or righthanded) for a given matrix-valued power series f. Let T_(m,n)~n, be the operator which maps f to [m/n]_f. It is well known that in the scalar. case T_(m,n)~n satisfies a (local) Lipschitz condition if and only if [m/n]_f has a zero defect. However, in the matrix case we are confronted with the difficulty that we cannot give a definition of defect.In this paper, an explicit expression of MPA is given and a result about the continuity of the matrix Padé operator is obtained. 相似文献
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《中国专利与商标》2007,(3)
Under the guiding principles of the third amendment to the Patent Law,we,in the process of revising the Law, should"fully summerise the experience we have accumulat- ed in the enforcement of the patent system in China,look closely again into the provisions thereof,and better adapt 相似文献
14.
胡锦涛 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2004,(2)
For centuries, the continuous development of science and technology has greatly promoted the process of mankind's understanding and utilization of nature, and at the same time strongly enhanced exchanges and cooperation between various nationalities and different civilizations. In the modern era, science and technology are developing vigorously and changing with each passing day. Strengthening international scientific cooperation is invaluable in helping 相似文献
15.
Olby R 《Endeavour》2003,27(2):80-84
This year, widespread attention has been bestowed upon the discovery of the Watson-Crick model of DNA. This extensive publicity contrasts with the sparse news coverage it received in 1953, when war-torn Britain was celebrating the coronation of Queen Elizabeth and the first ascent of Mount Everest. The remarkable growth of molecular biology since 1953 is the chief reason for the attention given to the Watson-Crick model today. 相似文献
16.
This paper examines the contradiction of organisational memory: that an organisation requires a memory to operate effectively, but that that same memory inhibits and constrains its ability to operate effectively. We briefly review the field of organisational memory and note its close connection with organisational learning.We introduce a conceptual framework pioneered by Schultze and Stabell for examining contradictions in the area of knowledge management. We use this framework to distinguish between the conventional view of organisational memory, which implicitly or explicitly regards knowledge as a commodity, and a constructivist view, from which emerges a picture of the Markovian organisation: an organisation the future behaviour of which is determined not by memories of the past but by its current state, characterised by an organisational consciousness informed by the activities in which it is engaged. While the emphasis of this paper is theoretical, we suggest that adopting this Markovian view of the organisation might be particularly appropriate to practitioners in organisations that are immersed in turbulent environments. 相似文献
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In this paper we measure the effect of Internet adoption on consumers’ propensity to adopt a wide range of diffusing products. To do this, we utilize a rich panel of household surveys on purchases of relatively new technology products. Our results indicate that the Internet accelerates product diffusion, but with varying magnitude. In an attempt to determine the mechanisms underlying this effect, we find direct evidence that the Internet does not increase product awareness. However, we find suggestive evidence that the Internet increases adoption rates both through access to increased information about new products (via online research) and through online shopping. We also find that the magnitude of the Internet's effect is strongly tied to diffusion rates, and especially familiarity rates. This finding is consistent with Internet access having the greatest impact on the adoption of products with more developed marketing strategies (i.e., more developed information sources and online markets). Our findings indicate that the Internet helps bolster demand for products early in their diffusion process, and they suggest that improved access to information and the convenience of online shopping are likely the primary drivers of this effect. Consequently, to the extent that accelerated diffusion of new products is (on net) desirable, our findings may provide a further argument toward social promotion of Internet adoption. 相似文献
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《中国专利与商标》2007,(2)
On 27 December 2006,the State Intellectual Property Office(SIPO)submitted the Draft Amendment to the Patent Law of People's Republic of China(the Draft Amendment)to the State Council for review,which indicates that the work on the third amendment to the Patent Law has entered the stage of the State Council review.The whole legislative process for the third amendment to the Patent Law is expected to be fi- nalised in 2008. 相似文献
19.
Johannes Rau 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2004,(2)
At all times and in all countries of the world, people have been fascinated by obtaining deeper insights into life and have eagerly absorbed new knowledge from around the globe. Thus in addition to trade, the sciences early on became one of the most fruitful areas of worldwide exchange and international communication. Today, it is still often the sciences that bridge national and cultural differences between countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Max Planck Society can proudly look back on 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2004,(1)
After five years of arduous work, CAS scientists recently succeeded in determining the structure of lumbrokinase (earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme), shedding light on the understanding of this drug at the molecular level and laying a foundation for drug design based on its structure.Cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases are among the three most lethal illnesses now rampant in the human population. Eight years ago, Chinese scientists succeeded in extracting lumbrokinase from earth- 相似文献