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1.
长期施用含硫化肥对水稻土化学性质和水稻吸收微量元素的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
已持续26年的湖南祁阳红壤站长期肥料试验分三个处理:NH4C1 KCl KH2PO4;尿素 KCl 过磷酸钙;(NH4)2SO4 K2SO4 过磷酸钙.其土壤、水稻植株样品被用来研究长期施用含硫化肥对水稻土酸化、SO42--S在土壤中累积、土壤-水稻系统微量元素含量和水稻产量的影响.结果表明:大量(667 kg S hm-2yr-1)施用含硫化肥15年后已导致水稻土表层土壤pH明显下降.不施硫处理SO42--S逐年下降,而施硫处理SO42--S有明显累积.施用含硫化肥24年后(1998),土壤有效Cu、B、Mn及全Ca含量有增加趋势,全Fe有减少趋势,对有效Mo、Zn及总Mg似乎没有影响.长期施用含硫化肥已显著减少水稻(特别是晚稻)吸收Fe、Mo、B、Mg、Cl,并导致水稻(特别是晚稻)产量显著下降.可见,长期施用含硫化肥可能影响水稻土性质进而影响水稻生长. 相似文献
2.
INTRODUCTIONTheimportanceofmicroorganismstosoilfer tilityandsoilqualityhasbeencommonlyaccept ed (Smithetal.,1 990 ;Brookes,1 995;Da lal,1 998;Wicketal.,1 998) .Soilmicrobialbiomassasanimportantmicrobialpropertyhasbeenextensivelystudiedsinceitisthelivingco… 相似文献
3.
通过盆栽试验,研究了肥料与石膏配施条件下滨海盐土有效磷变化特征,结果表明,(1)不同肥料与石膏配施条件下,滨海盐土有效磷含量以有机无机复混肥(F2)处理较高,而以单施石膏2g/kg(F0B2)处理较低。(2)磷肥施用可显著提高滨海盐土有效磷含量,供试肥料品种间滨海盐土有效磷含量以有机无机复混肥处理(F2)、无机复混肥(F1)处理最高,其次为生物有机无机复混肥(F4)和生物有机肥(F3),以空白对照(F0)最低。(3)随石膏用量增加,土壤有效磷呈显著降低趋势。(4)滨海盐土有效磷含量存在明显动态变化特征,肥料施用后有效磷总体上呈现先增加后降低趋势,最终回复到施肥前水平。(5)从土壤有效磷角度考虑,滨海盐土肥料农业施用以有机无机复混肥(F2)较为适宜。 相似文献
4.
Studies on nutrient uptake of rice and characteristics of soil microorganisms in a long-term fertilization experiments for irrigated rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The ecosystem characteristics of soil microorganism and the nutrient uptake of irrigated rice were investigated in a split-block experiment with different fertilization treatments, including control (no fertilizer application), PK, NK, NP, NPK fertilization, in the main block, and conventional rice and hybrid rice comparison, in the sub block. Average data of five treatments in five years indicated that the indigenous N supply (INS) capacity 相似文献
5.
Ridge culture is a special conservation tillage method, but the long-term influence of this tillage system on soil aggregate-size stability in paddy fields is largely unknown in southwest of China. The paper is to evaluate soil aggregate stability and to determine the relationship between soil organic carbon （SOC） and soil aggregate stability. Soil samples at 0 cm-20 cm layer were adopted from a long-term （16 a） field experiment including conventional tillage： plain culture, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under drained conditions （PUR-r）; and conservation tillage： ridge culture without tillage, summer rice and winter fallow with floodwater layer annually （NTR-f）, winter upland crop under drained conditions （NTR-r）, and wide ridge culture without tillage, summer rice crop and winter upland crop under conditions （NTRw-r）, respectively. Different pretreatments, such as slaking in fast wetting, wetting and subsequent slaking, were applied to simulate the breakdown mechanisms of aggregates in paddy soil. The results show that soil particles contents were mainly consisted of silt （0.050 mm to 1.000 mm） in fraction of 42.9% to 51.2%, sand （0.050 mm to 0.001 mm） in fraction of 28.0% to 31.8%, and clay （〈0.001 mm） in fraction of 17.9% to 25.4%. The amount of aggregate-size was greatly observed in fraction of 2.000 mm-6.720 mm under ridge culture in paddy soil （more than 50$） under slaking and wetting pretreatment. The proportion of soil macro-aggregates （〉0.250 mm） in conservation tillage was greatly higher than that in conventional tillage under subsequent fast slaking treatment. Minimal differences of aggregate stability between slaking in fast wetting and wetting were observed, while significant differences were found between ridge culture and plain culture. The aggregate stability under slaking treatment ranked in the order of NTR-r〉NTRw-r〉 NTR-f 〉 PUR-r, while under wetting was NTRw-r 〉 NTR-r 〉 NTR-f 〉PUR-r. There was a positive correlation between the aggregate stability and SOC concentration under wetting, and a low correlation was observed under slaking pretreatment. Soil exposure with tillage and lack of rice/rape-seed stubble inputs caused declines in aggregation and organic carbon, both of which make soil susceptible to water erosion. Adoption of ridge culture with no-tillage integrated with crop rotation and stubble mulch significantly altered soil organic concentration. It was a valuable conservation practice for soil aggregation and soil organic carbon sequestration on paddy soil. 相似文献
6.
Experiments were carried out with citrus （Citrus reticulate） and tea （Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.） to study the effects of compound fertilizers on their yields and quality. In the citrus experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P K and Mg contents in soil but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N contents in soil and N, P and K contents in leaves. In the tea experiment, application of compound fertilizers increased available P, K and Mg contents in soil and N, P, K and Mg contents in leaves but decreased alkali-hydrolyzable N in soil compared with the urea treatment. Application of compound fertilizers could improve the quality of citrus and tea, increase their yields and enhance their economical profits significantly. Compared with the control, application of compound fertilizers increased citrus yields by 6.31, 12.94 and 17.69 t/ha, and those of tea by 0.51,0.86 and 1.30 t/ha, respectively. Correspondingly, profits were increased by 21.4% to 61.1% for citrus and by 10.0% to 15.7% for tea. Optimal rates of compound fertilizers were recommended for both crops. 相似文献
7.
Eleven red soils varying in land use and fertility status were used to examine the effect of land use on microbial biomass-C,-N
and-P. Microbial biomass-C in the red soils ranged from about 68 mg C/kg to 225 mg C/kg, which is generally lower than that
reported from other types of soil, probably because of low organic matter and high acidity in the red soils. Land use had
considerable effects on the amounts of soilC
mic. TheC
mic was the lowest in eroded fallow land, followed by woodland, tea garden, citrus grove and fallow grassland, and the highest
in vegetable and paddy fields. There was significant correlation betweenC
mic and organic matter content, suggesting that the influence of land use onC
mic is mainly related to the input and accumulation of organic matter. Microbial biomass-N in the soils ranged from 12.1 Nmg/kg
to 31.7 Nmg/kg and was also affected by land use. The change ofN
mic with land use was similar to that ofC
mic. The microbial C/N ratio ranged from 5.2 to 9.9 and averaged 7.6. TheN
mic was significantly correlated with soil total N and available N. Microbial biomass-P in the soils ranged from 4.5 mg P/kg
to 52.3 mg P/kg. The microbial C/P ratio was in the range of 4–23. TheP
mic was relatively less affected by land use due to differences in fertilization practices for various land use systems.
Project (No. 40025104) supported by National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China 相似文献
8.
Influence of some agricultural practices on the soil acidification in acid precipitation areas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LI Shi-xing WANG Ding-yong 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(1):42-45
1 Introduction Soil acidification is one of the major course of soil degeneration, which leads to decrease in the pH value, loss of base and nutrient content by leaching, aluminum and heavy metal activation, consequently results in deforestations and decr… 相似文献
9.
10.
Different responses of two Mosla species to potassium limitation in relation to acid rain deposition
Meng WANG Bao-jing GU Ying GE Zhen LIU De-an JIANG Scott X. CHANG Jie CHANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(8)
The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium (K) loss from soils, and in our field investigation, we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance to K-deficiency. A hydroponic study was conducted on the growth of two Mosla species and their morphological, physiological and stoichiometric traits in response to limited (0.35 mmol K/L), normal (3.25 mmol K/L) and excessive (6.50 mmol K/L) K concentrations. Mosla hang-chowensis is an endangered plant, whereas Mosla dianthera a widespread weed. In the case of M. hangchowensis, in comparison with normal K concentration, K-limitation induced a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), soluble protein content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. However, leaf mass ratio (LMR) and root mass ratio (RMR) were changed little by K-limitation. In contrast, for M. dianthera, K-limitation had little effect on Pn, soluble protein content, SOD activity, and MDA concentration, but increased LMR and RMR. Critical values of N (nitrogen):K and K:P (phosphorus) ratios in the shoots indicated that limitation in acquiring K occurred under K-limited conditions for M. hangchowensis but not for M. dianthera. We found that low K content in natural habitats was a restrictive factor in the growth and distribution of M. hangchowensis, and soil K-deficiency caused by acid rain worsened the situation of M. hangchowensis, while M. dianthera could well acclimate to the increasing K-deficiency. We suggest that controlling the acid rain and applying K fertilizers may be an effective way to rescue the endangered M. hangchowensis. 相似文献
11.
Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was grown in paddy soil in pots under different phosphorus (P) fertilizer treatments to investigate changes of P fractions and microbial community of the soil. The treatments included Kunyang phosphate rock (KPR) applications at 50 mg P/kg (KPR50) and 250 mg P/kg (KPR250), mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) application at 50 mg P/kg (MCP50), and the control without P application. The results showed that KPR50, KPR250, and MCP50 applications significantly increased the dry weight of the ryegrass by 13%, 38%, and 55%, and increased P uptake by 19%, 135%, and 324%, respectively. Compared with MCP50, the relative effectiveness of KPR50 and KPR250 treatments in ryegrass production was about 23% and 68%, respectively. After one season ofryegrass growth, the KPR50, KPR250, and MCP50 applications increased soil-available P by 13.4%, 26.8%, and 55.2%, respectively. More than 80% of the applied KPR-P remained as HCI-P fraction in the soil. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed that the total and bacterial PLFAs were significantly higher in the soils with KPR250 and MCP50 treatments compared with KPR50 and control. The latter had no significant difference in the total or bacterial PLFAs. The KPR50, KPR250, and MCP50 treatments increased fungal PLFA by 69%, 103%, and 69%, respectively. Both the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis of the PLFA data suggest that P treatments altered the microbial community composition of the soils, and that P availability might be an important contributor to the changes in the microbial community structure during the ryegrass growth in the paddy soils. 相似文献
12.
13.
在田间试验条件下研究了施肥对“秦油二号”杂交油菜氮、磷、钾营养及其产量的影响,结果表明:单施氮肥,增加植株氮、磷、钾吸收强度和植株含氮浓度,但对植株磷、钾浓度无明显影响。氮磷配施既能显著提高植株氮、磷、钾吸收强度,也能增加植株氮、磷、钾浓度。在施用氮、磷肥料基础上配施氯化钾肥,降低了植株氮、磷吸收强度和氮浓度。施肥使油菜氮,磷营养吸收高峰推迟。吸氮高峰期在油菜苔期,吸磷高峰期在油菜花角期。在本试验条件下,氮肥与磷肥配合施用油菜产量和经济效益最高,比单施氮肥增产23.2％,比氮磷钾配施增产11.4％,每亩增收三十无以上。 相似文献
14.
通过对县城绿地及农田土壤有效氮磷钾含量的对比分析,研究了绿地植被对县城土壤有效养分含量的影响。研究结果表明:(1)县城绿地土壤有效养分含量同农田相比有一定差异,表现出有效磷含量绿地土壤低于农田,速效钾含量绿地土壤高于农田,而碱解氮规律不明显。(2)县城绿地植被不同其有效养分含量存在较大差异,一般表现出有效磷含量乔木>草坪、灌木,速效钾含量乔木、草坪>灌木,碱解氮含量表现出乔木>草坪、灌木;(3)绿地土壤基本性质对有效养分含量有一定影响,表现出速效钾与CEC呈极显著的线性正相关关系,碱解氮与有机质呈极显著的线性正相关关系。 相似文献
15.
Different responses of two Mosla species to potassium limitation in relation to acid rain deposition
Meng Wang Bao-jing Gu Ying Ge Zhen Liu De-an Jiang Scott X. Chang Jie Chang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(8):563-571
The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium (K) loss from soils, and in our field investigation,
we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance to K-deficiency. A hydroponic study was conducted on the growth of two Mosla species and their morphological, physiological and stoichiometric traits in response to limited (0.35 mmol K/L), normal (3.25
mmol K/L) and excessive (6.50 mmol K/L) K concentrations. Mosla hangchowensis is an endangered plant, whereas Mosla dianthera a widespread weed. In the case of M. hangchowensis, in comparison with normal K concentration, K-limitation induced a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate (P
n), soluble protein content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, but an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration.
However, leaf mass ratio (LMR) and root mass ratio (RMR) were changed little by K-limitation. In contrast, for M. dianthera, K-limitation had little effect on P
n, soluble protein content, SOD activity, and MDA concentration, but increased LMR and RMR. Critical values of N (nitrogen):
K and K:P (phosphorus) ratios in the shoots indicated that limitation in acquiring K occurred under K-limited conditions for
M. hangchowensis but not for M. dianthera. We found that low K content in natural habitats was a restrictive factor in the growth and distribution of M. hangchowensis, and soil K-deficiency caused by acid rain worsened the situation of M. hangchowensis, while M. dianthera could well acclimate to the increasing K-deficiency. We suggest that controlling the acid rain and applying K fertilizers
may be an effective way to rescue the endangered M. hangchowensis.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30570113) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral
Program of Higher Education (No. 20060335008), China 相似文献
16.
This study on the effect of land use on soil quality in relation to forms and toxicity of aluminum in red soils (Ultisol) in southeast China showed that in general, the extractable order for soil active aluminum by four extractants was: NaOH 0.5 mol/L > HCl 1 mol/L > NH4Ac 1 mol/L > KCl 1 mol/L . Different uses of the red soils, developed from Quarternary red clay with the similar hydrogeological environment, greatly affected the amount of active aluminum, especially the exchangeable Al3+. The order of exchangeable Al3+ (Al mg/kg) in the red soils with different land uses was: barren land (740) > tea garden (663) > peach garden (432) > citrus garden (234) > paddy soil (127). The content of water soluble aluminum in the red soils was highly sensitive to soil acidity. 相似文献
17.
不同肥料处理下茶园土壤细菌和古菌群落的时间变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hua WANG ;Shao-hui YANG ;Jing-ping YANG ;Ya-min LV ;Xing ZHAO ;Ji-liang PANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(11):953-965
研究目的：研究化学肥料和有机肥处理条件下,茶园酸性土壤细菌和古菌群落结构,以及氮素转化相关功能酶基因丰度的时间变化规律。
创新要点：研究肥料、土壤温度及土壤含水量对茶园酸性土壤细菌和古菌群落结构,以及氮素转化相关功能酶基因丰度的影响。
研究方法：应用末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）技术分析茶园酸性土壤中细菌和古菌群落结构随时间的变化规律,应用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术,研究茶园酸性土壤细菌、古菌、硝化作用功能酶基因（细菌和古菌amod基因）和细菌反硝化作用功能酶基因（narG、nirK、nirS和nosZ基因）丰度的时间变化规律。
重要结论：茶园土壤细菌和古菌群落结构受到肥料的影响,并随着取样时间有显著的变化。细菌、古菌和古菌的amoA基因的丰度在7月份最小,而细菌的amoA基因和反硝化作用功能酶基因（除nirK基因）的丰度在9月份最小。有机肥处理增加了细菌、古菌和氮素转化相关功能酶基因的丰度,但化学肥料的施用对菌群及功能酶基因丰度的影响较小。土壤温度显著影响了土壤细菌和古菌的群落结构。土壤含水量与细菌反硝化作用功能酶基因有显著的相关性。土壤有机碳含量与细菌、古菌及功能酶基因丰度之间有显著的相关性。 相似文献
18.
Targeted yield concept and a framework of fertilizer recommendation in irrigated rice domains of subtropical India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bera R Seal A Bhattacharyya P Das TH Sarkar D Kangjoo K 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(12):963-968
Soil test crop response （STCR） correlation studies were carried out in Vindhyan alluvial plain during 2001 to 2004 taking IR-36 as test crop to quantify rice production in the context of the variability of soil properties and use of balanced fertilizers based on targeted yield concept. The soils were developed on gently sloping alluvial plain with different physiographic settings and notable variation in drainage condition. Soil properties show moderate variation in texture （loamy to clay）, organic carbon content （4.4 to 9.8 g/kg）, cation exchange capacity （10,2 to 22.4 cmol （p＋）/kg） and pH （5.3 to 6,4）, Soil fertility status for N is low to medium （224 to 348 kg/ha）, P is medium to high （87 to 320 kg/ha） and K ranges from medium to high （158 to 678 kg/ha）. Database regarding nutrient requirement in kg/t of grain produce （NR）, the percent contribution from the soil available nutrients [CS （%）] and the percent contribution from the applied fertilizer nutrients [CF （%）] were computed for calibrating and fbrmulating fertilizer recommendations. Validity of the yield target for 7 and 8 t/ha was tested in farmers＇ fields and yields targets varied at less than 10%. The percent achievement of targets aimed at different level was more than 90%, indicating soil test based fertilizer recommendation approach was economically viable within the agro-ecological zone with relatively uniform cropping practices and socio-economic conditions. 相似文献
19.
土壤中速效钾含量逐年下降、施肥的氮磷钾比例不协调、种烟的不同茬口土壤的速效氮量不同及旺长期烟株生长迅速是造成捆株缺钾的原因。今后烤烟生产应增施钾肥、喷施磷酸二氢钾或硫酸钾。 相似文献
20.
Xian-you CHEN Liang-huan WU Xiao-chuang CAO Yuan-hong ZHU 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(4):259-269
Objective:To investigate the amounts of extractable organic nitrogen(EON),and the relationships between EON and total extractable nitrogen(TEN),especially the amino acids(AAs) adsorbed by soils,and a series of other hydrolyzed soil nitrogen indices in typical land use soil types from southeast China.Under traditional agricultural planting conditions,the functions of EON,especially AAs in the rhizosphere and in bulk soil zones were also investigated.Methods:Pot experiments were conducted using plants of pakchoi(Brassica chinensis L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.).In the rhizosphere and bulk soil zone studies,organic nitrogen components were extracted with either distilled water,0.5 mol/L K2SO4or acid hydrolysis.Results:K2SO4-EON constituted more than 30% of TEN pools.K2SO4-extractable AAs accounted for 25% of EON pools and nearly 10% of TEN pools in rhizosphere soils.Overall,both K2SO4-EON and extractable AAs contents had positive correlations with TEN pools.Conclusions:EON represented a major component of TEN pools in garden and paddy soils under traditional planting conditions.Although only a small proportion of the EON was present in the form of water-extractable and K2SO4-extractable AAs,the release of AAs from soil exchangeable sites might be an important source of organic nitrogen(N) for plant growth.Our findings suggest that the content of most organic forms of N was significantly greater in rhizosphere than in bulk soil zone samples.However,it was also apparent that the TEN pool content was lower in rhizosphere than in bulk soil samples without added N. 相似文献